58.
(p. 421)
Finding a niche involves:
A.
searching for a job that offers moderate financial benefits and other perks.
B.
searching for a job that offers utmost satisfaction and contentment.
C.
making decisions that promise to do the greatest good for the largest number of people.
D.
finding an excuse for behavior that causes embarrassment, shame, anxiety, or pain.
59.
(p. 421)
Finding a niche requires:
A.
an understanding of one’s skills and strengths.
B.
C.
an understanding of company policies.
D.
the skills to work effectively with people.
60.
(p. 421)
Susan enjoyed interacting with students during her internship at Wordsworth University. As
a result, she joins the university as an academic counselor. Her role involves guiding
students in choosing suitable areas of specialization. She is immensely satisfied with her
job. From the given example, it can be said that Susan:
A.
exemplifies procrastination.
B.
has found her niche.
C.
exemplifies imposter phenomenon.
D.
has followed the categorical imperative principle.
Fill in the Blank Questions
61.
(p. 402)
In the organizational context, _____ can be defined as the ratio of an organization’s
resources to the organization’s goods and services produced.
productivity
62.
(p. 402)
_____ refers to the overall mood of an individual or group based on attitudes and
satisfaction.
Morale
63.
(p. 403)
_____ help employees get feedback on their job performance, make changes if necessary,
and become more productive in the process.
Appraisals
64.
(p. 403)
Matching an individual to the job that needs to be done involves the consideration of the
person’s ____.
task maturity
65.
(p. 403)
_____ indicates that the individual has the skill set necessary to complete a job, as well as
the ability to set and meet realistic goals, and the ability to take on responsibility for the
task.
Task maturity
66.
(p. 403)
_____ means damaging our own credibility or competence.
Self-sabotage
67.
(p. 404)
_____ is the act of putting off until later the things we should be doing now.
Procrastination
16–15
68.
(p. 405)
Planning too many activities into one time slot leads to _____ of time.
overloading
69.
(p. 405)
Making use of a _____ enables us to examine our time effectiveness in an ongoing
process.
time analysis tool
70.
(p. 405)
_____ is the process of deciding ahead of time which tasks are the most and the least
important.
Setting priorities
71.
(p. 407)
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) invented the _____ to help recovering alcoholics.
12-step program
72.
(p. 408)
Any substance that affects a person’s judgment, behavior, mental processes, mood,
conscious experience, or perceptions is referred to as a ____.
psychoactive drug
73.
(p. 409)
Violence that can be defined as physical, emotional, verbal, or sexual violence against
another family member is known as ____.
family violence
74.
(p. 410)
_____ is the inability to control one’s betting habit.
Compulsive gambling
16–16
75.
(p. 415)
Employees today need ____, which is day care not only for children but also for elderly
family members.
intergenerational care
76.
(p. 416)
The _____ consists of middle-aged adults taking care of both children and elderly parents
at the same time.
sandwich generation
77.
(p. 419)
_____ refer to the specific plans of action for things an individual would like to accomplish
right now or in the immediate future
Short-term goals
78.
(p. 419)
_____ are those things you decide to work for after developing a life plan for the future.
Long-term goals
79.
(p. 421)
_____ is the development in the field of psychology that focuses on what is right with
people rather than what is wrong with people.
Positive psychology
80.
(p. 422)
_____ means finding what you really enjoy doing and being able to make your living from it.
Finding your niche
Short Answer Questions
81.
(p. 402)
Define productivity.
Productivity is defined as a ratio of inputs to its outputs. In an organizational context, it is
the ratio of organizational resources to the goods and services produced in the
organization.
82.
(p. 402)
Briefly discuss the organizational strategies to improve efficiency in productivity.
Organizational strategies involve long-term and complex processes like improving research
and development, buying new equipment, buildings, or machinery. Simplifying the products
or improving the process is another strategy. The strategy of improving efficiency of the
employees at the individual level is also suggested to improve efficiency in productivity of
an organization.
83.
(p. 402)
What is morale and how does it affect productivity?
Morale is the overall mood of an individual or a group based on attitudes and satisfaction.
It has been observed that when morale is low, productivity is negatively affected. This
includes everything from slower pace of work to an increase in accidents.
84.
(p. 402–
403)
What are the steps to improve morale in an organization?
The various steps to improve morale in an organization include:
(a) Understand the morale of your environment.
(b) Inform everyone in the organization as to “what is in it for them?”
(c) Involve everyone in the organization in individual and group goal setting.
(d) Let the employees know that the company is dedicated to help them succeed.
(e) Encourage communication between employees, among departments, and within teams.
(f) Keep everyone accountable for their actions.
85.
(p. 403)
How are creative appraisal systems different from the traditional appraisal systems?
Traditional appraisal systems are once-a-year employee appraisals in which all the
negatives are saved up and thrown up at the employee in one giant toss. Creative appraisal
systems stimulate productivity by encouragement, two-way communication, and
motivation. The more ongoing the appraisal system is in any company, the better.
86.
(p. 403)
Why is being “stretchable” the most important part of the S.M.A.R.T.S system?
According to the S.M.A.R.T.S system, an appraisal system should “stretch” the employee,
giving him or her new goals, new horizons to grow into a new comfort zone.
87.
(p. 403)
How is task maturity related to productivity?
Productivity can be encouraged by matching an individual to the jobs that need to be done.
This refers to the employee’s task maturity. Someone with task maturity has the skill set
for the job at hand, is able to set and meet realistic goals, and can take on the necessary
responsibility for the task.
88.
(p. 404)
What is self-sabotage? Which is the most common way of self-sabotage?
Self-sabotage means damaging our own credibility or competence. Studies report that
procrastination is the most common way of self-sabotage.
89.
(p. 404–
405)
List the steps that help in stopping procrastination.
The following suggestions can help in stopping procrastination:
(a) Get going on the task.
(b) Make a plan.
(c) Reduce the task to smaller components.
(d) Think positive.
(e) Reward yourself along the way.
(f) Give yourself credit.
90.
(p. 405)
Briefly describe the challenges to time management.
Time management refers to making effective use of available time. Time overload occurs
when we plan too many activities into one time slot. Time underutilization happens when
we make poor use of available time that we do have. Procrastination is one cause of
underutilization of time.
91.
(p. 405)
Discuss the two most important strategies for improving time management.
The two most important aspects are:
(a) Setting priorities on which tasks are the most, and least, important.
(b) Creating a to-do list with a record of what you need to do, when, and where.
92.
(p. 405–
406)
Describe how to work with a to-do list.
After setting priorities, write the to-do list. The most important tasks and those with
upcoming deadlines should be entered first and completed first. Those less important
should be listed last. Group the tasks together by location to save time. Larger tasks, or
projects, can be broken down into smaller parts. Start with something you enjoy doing to
motivate you. Cross off or check off items on your list after you complete them.
93.
(p. 406)
How does substance abuse affect the American economy?
Substance abuse is one of the most common—and expensive—employee problems that
companies face. Abuse of alcohol and other drugs together cost the American economy an
estimated $276 billion per year in lost workdays and lowered productivity. Health-care
costs also add to this amount. Crime-related costs, motor vehicle crashes, and early deaths
also add to this amount.
94.
(p. 409–
410)
Describe the behavior of employees affected by family violence.
Employees affected by family violence may have conflicts with co-workers, and may
become so preoccupied with their problems that their productivity suffers. To make it
worse, the employee often feels too ashamed or embarrassed to admit the abuse or seek
help. If the employee is the abuser, he or she may be afraid to ask for help for fear of
possible legal action.
95.
(p. 411)
How can supervisors contribute to the success of employee assistance programs (EAPs)?
In order for employee assistance programs (EAPs) to work, supervisors must be able and
willing to observe employees and watch for problems. They must be willing to approach
employees who appear to be having problems, refer these employees to the EAP, and
follow through. They must be willing to listen to employees who come to them for help.
96.
(p. 413)
What are the major aspects to be considered by companies when developing workplace
substance abuse policies?
The major aspects to be considered by companies when developing workplace substance
abuse policies are:
(a) Companies must determine their stand on substance abuse with input from human
resources representatives, as well as medical, security, safety, and legal staff.
(b) Once the policy is developed, it must be clearly communicated to the entire staff.
(c) Supervisors must be trained to recognize symptoms of substance abuse and
understand how it impairs work performance.
(d) Employees (and their families, when possible) should receive drug awareness
education.
(e) Policies should include a counseling and referral component so employees can seek
help confidentially before being referred by management.
97.
(p. 408)
What are the effects of substance abuse in the workplace?
Substance abuse is a very expensive employee problem not only for the employee with the
problem, but also for everyone else. There is no way to quantify the loss to employee
morale and group unity when employees are substance abusers, or when nonabusing
employees work with substance abusers. Non-substance-abusing employees may resent
the abusing employee’s lost time or productivity, they may feel obligated to pick up the
slack, or may even feel obligated to protect the substance-abusing co-worker from getting
into trouble. Nonabusing employees may also feel less safe, especially if substance–
98.
(p. 418)
Explain how responsibility forms an important part of self-discipline.
Taking responsibility is an important part of self-discipline. This means feeling in control of
your life, having the power to change things, and feeling comfortable about doing so.
Taking responsibility does not include trying to change or control other people, but it
means that they don’t control you, either.
99.
(p. 419–
420)
What are the characteristics of people affected by the impostor phenomenon?
One of the most common fears in the business world is the impostor phenomenon, in
which successful people are afraid that they did not really succeed because of their own
talents and hard work. They are afraid that they are not smart, hard–working, or talented
enough to continue to succeed, and that someone will find them out as impostors. They
may feel that they have gotten away with something, or that other people have just made a
mistake about them, and they live in dread of the mistake being discovered.
100.
(p. 421)
What do positive psychologists feel about the barriers to healthy self-development and the
strengths needed to overcome these barriers?
Positive psychologists believe that we all have strengths that can overcome barriers to
healthy self-development. These barriers include low self-esteem, for example, along with
its related fears. The strengths that protect against poor outcomes in mental health include
optimism, good interpersonal skills, courage, good work ethic, perseverance, honesty, and
ability to think toward the future. These strengths can be learned through training. And
when people begin using them, such ideals become a type of self-fulfilling prophecy.
Building these strengths can improve poor performance and raise self-esteem, but also
prevents such problems from happening in the future.