34. The NLRB will not set up bargaining units based on:
a.
wages
b.
training
c.
job duties
d.
age of employees
35. If the employer and the union cannot agree on which employees should be in the bargaining unit, then:
a.
the affected employees vote to determine the unit.
b.
the unit is determined by the parties using job classifications as the standard.
c.
the NLRB will determine the “appropriate unit.”
d.
the union is given additional time to organize other employees.
36. An employer has 150 employees. A certification election was held and 125 employees actually voted.
To be granted exclusive representation over all bargaining unit members, the union must receive at
least ____ votes.
a.
38
b.
45
c.
63
d.
75
37. An employer has 80 employees. A certification election was held and only 40 employees actually
voted. At least, ____ employees must vote “no” for the union to lose the election.
a.
18
b.
19
c.
20
d.
21
38. The United Mine Workers (UMW) were seeking recognition through an election at the McCoy Coal
Co. Two hundred employees were eligible to vote, but the vote was only 50 for and 25 against the
UMW. According to the process the NLRB should now:
a.
order another election since neither side received the votes of a majority of the unit
employees.
b.
certify the union as the representative for the 50 employees voting for the UMW.
c.
leave it up to the parties to negotiate whether or not the UMW will represent any
employees.
d.
certify the UMW since it was approved by a majority of those voting.
39. Once a union becomes certified, the employer is required to:
a.
sign a labor agreement.
b.
deduct union dues from the employees’ paychecks.
c.
begin negotiations leading toward a labor agreement.
d.
notify employees of the bargaining relationship.
40. The legal right and responsibility to represent all bargaining unit members equally whether they join
the union or not is referred to as:
a.
union checkoff
b.
exclusive representation
c.
union certification
d.
elective representation
41. Management generally claims exclusive rights to decisions on issues relating to subcontracting, work
standards, and job content. Management’s claim is properly called:
a.
guaranteed rights.
b.
contracted provisions.
c.
provisional security.
d.
management prerogatives.
42. Supervisor Hadley has suspended an employee covered by a typical labor agreement. In a grievance
hearing, Hadley will be called upon to demonstrate ____ supporting the suspension.
a.
just cause
b.
reasonable review
c.
complete fairness
d.
explainable opinions
43. Unions such as the International Association of Iron Workers, the United Brotherhood of Carpenters,
and the United Association of Plumbers are classified as ____ unions.
a.
apprentice
b.
mixed
c.
industrial
d.
craft
44. The United Auto Workers, United Mine Workers, United Steelworkers, and Office and Professional
Employees International Union are all classified as ____ unions.
a.
skilled
b.
mixed
c.
industrial
d.
craft
45. Which of the following is a craft union?
a.
United Auto Workers
b.
United Steelworkers
c.
Professional Employees International Union
d.
United Brotherhood of Carpenters
46. Which of the following is an employee association?
a.
National Education Association
b.
United Steelworkers
c.
Professional Employees International Union
d.
United Brotherhood of Carpenters
47. In 2009, the unions won ____ percent of representation elections conducted by the NLRB.
a.
51.6
b.
63.8
c.
74.2
d.
85.4
48. Prior to their merger in 1955, the AFL represented primarily ____ unions, whereas the CIO generally
represented ____ unions.
a.
craft; mixed
b.
industrial; mixed
c.
industrial; craft
d.
craft; industrial
49. Which of the following is not one of the primary functions of the AFL-CIO?
a.
negotiating labor contracts and processing local grievances
b.
lobbying legislatures on labor issues
c.
publicizing the benefits and concerns of unionism
d.
coordinating organizing efforts among its unions
50. A provision of the labor agreement that requires employees to join the union as a requirement for their
employment is known as:
a.
a closed shop
b.
a union shop
c.
an agency shop
d.
an open shop
51. ____ are labor organizations that represent various groups of professional and white-collar employees
in labor management relations.
a.
Craft unions
b.
Industrial unions
c.
Employee associations
d.
Management clubs
52. According to Moser, the first step in the union organizing process is:
a.
the initial organizational meeting
b.
the formation of an in-house organizing committee
c.
employee/union contact
d.
the election petition and voting preparation
53. A term applied to the goals of U.S. labor organizations, which collectively bargain for improvements
in wages, hours, job security, and working conditions is known as:
a.
political goal-setting
b.
business unionism
c.
tactical unionism
d.
collective entrepreneurship
54. ____ represent the interests of union members in their relations with their immediate supervisor and
other members of management.
a.
Union leaders
b.
Business representatives
c.
Union stewards
d.
Mediators
55. The general label given to the goals of American labor organizations such as pay, benefits, job
security, and working conditions is:
a.
business unionism
b.
reform unionism
c.
interest-based unionism
d.
protective unionism
56. Which of the following states has no collective bargaining law?
a.
Arizona
b.
Florida
c.
New York
d.
Hawaii
57. The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 defines the labor relations duties and regulations for what
employee group?
a.
U.S. employees
b.
private-sector employees
c.
public-sector employees
d.
federal government employees
58. Strikes are largely prohibited in the public sector because:
a.
bargaining falls within the separate jurisdiction of each state
b.
the services provided by these employees are considered essential to the well-being of the
public
c.
worker satisfaction is much higher
d.
federal law provides an effective grievance system
59. The key difference between final-offer arbitration as opposed to compulsory binding arbitration is that
with final-offer arbitration:
a.
the decision is not binding
b.
strikes are averted in critical jobs where they cannot be tolerated
c.
a neutral third party arbitrator resolves deadlocks
d.
each side submits their position and the arbitrator selects one or the other
60. A union of local teachers reached an impasse during their negotiations with the local school board.
State law requires that the parties each submit their last best offers to a neutral who picks one of the
two offers to become the new labor agreement. This is called:
a.
meet-and-confer arbitration.
b.
grievance arbitration.
c.
compromise arbitration.
d.
final-offer arbitration.
61. Strikes, boycotts, lockouts, and plant closures may be used as economic pressure in:
a.
the collective bargaining process
b.
compulsory binding arbitration
c.
negotiation preparation
d.
public sector bargaining
62. Developing likely union proposals, lists of demands, and a contingency plan for operating in the event
of a strike are part of:
a.
a union’s bargaining strategy
b.
an employer’s bargaining strategy
c.
compulsory binding arbitration
d.
good faith bargaining
63. Which act requires an employer to negotiate in good faith with the union’s representatives over
conditions of employment?
a.
Wagner Act
b.
Railway Labor Act
c.
Taft-Hartley Act
d.
Landrum-Griffin Act
64. Good faith bargaining requires that:
a.
each side’s negotiators meet at any time and place to discuss issues
b.
each side’s negotiators meet at any time and a reasonable place to discuss issues
c.
each side’s negotiators meet at a reasonable time and reasonable place to discuss issues
d.
an agreement be reached within a reasonable amount of time
65. Bargaining on all matters concerning rates of pay, wages, hours of employment, and other conditions
of employment falls under:
a.
permissive issues
b.
adversarial bargaining
c.
the bargaining zone
d.
mandatory subjects
66. Interest-based bargaining is based upon:
a.
the area within which union and management are willing to concede
b.
the identification and resolution of mutual interests
c.
a give-and-take philosophy
d.
suspicion and compromise
67. The creation of a relationship for the future based on trust, understanding, and mutual respect is the
basis of:
a.
the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service
b.
traditional bargaining
c.
interest-based bargaining
d.
good faith bargaining
68. Today, unions represent more than _____ of all government workers in the United States.
a.
24 percent
b.
36 percent
c.
48 percent
d.
60 percent
69. The bargaining power of a union may be exercised by:
a.
legal injunction
b.
lockout or relocation
c.
striking, picketing, or boycotting
d.
union merger
70. Pickets may prevent trucks and railcars from entering a struck business because:
a.
the union has a legal right to obstruct the business of the employer they are striking against
b.
picketing during a strike carries a legal obligation on the part of the employer to cease
operations, including delivery of goods and materials
c.
operators of trucks and railcars must get permission from the picketing union to enter the
premises
d.
unions often refuse to cross another union’s picket line
71. When a union uses radio and newspaper ads to discourage the purchase of an employer’s products, it is
called:
a.
an unfair labor practice
b.
a bargaining zone
c.
a boycott
d.
picketing
72. The right that employers possess that serves as a bargaining weapon to equalize the force of the union’s
right to strike is:
a.
the legal right to hire replacement workers
b.
the legal injunction
c.
the lockout
d.
a work slowdown
73. A third-party neutral who resolves labor disputes by issuing a final decision that the parties must
accept is:
a.
a mediator
b.
an arbitrator
c.
a union steward
d.
a conciliator
74. Management rights within a labor agreement include:
a.
the legal injunction
b.
the authority to set pay rates and hours of work
c.
the authority to discharge union employees under ‘employment-at-will’
d.
the conditions of employment over which management is able to exercise exclusive
control
75. Which of the following is the largest public sector labor organization?
a.
National Education Association
b.
American Federation of Teachers
c.
State, County and Municipal Employees
d.
The American Firefighters Association
76. States are permitted to enact legislation prohibiting compulsory union membership as a condition of
employment under:
a.
Wagner Act
b.
Railway Labor Act
c.
Taft-Hartley Act
d.
Landrum-Griffin Act
77. ____ states have passed right-to-work laws.
a.
10
b.
13
c.
22
d.
41
78. In order for an employee’s grievance to be considered formally:
a.
it must be in direct violation of the labor agreement
b.
it must have resulted in loss of pay or economic benefit to the employee
c.
it must be filed with the National Labor Relations Board
d.
it must be expressed orally or in writing
79. In 2011, _____ stripped public employees of their rights to collective bargaining.
a.
California
b.
Ohio
c.
Wisconsin
d.
Wyoming
80. Unions have a legal obligation to provide assistance to members who are pursuing grievances under:
a.
the Wagner Act
b.
the Taft-Hartley Act
c.
the fair representation doctrine
d.
the right-to-work statute
81. In a dispute, it is the arbitrator’s responsibility to:
a.
ensure each side receives a fair hearing
b.
decide the case without passing judgment
c.
interpret the intent of the labor agreement
d.
get the parties to work together to solve their differences
82. The factors that arbitrators use when deciding cases are the wording of the labor agreement, the
submission agreement, the testimony and evidence offered, and:
a.
the truthfulness of witnesses
b.
the concept of reasonable doubt
c.
arbitration criteria or standards
d.
the ability to set precedent
83. Which of the following is not a contemporary challenge to labor organizations?
a.
The increased threat of foreign competition
b.
The presence of an increase in employee diversity
c.
Technological advantages
d.
A decrease in union membership
84. Under the ____ method, the arbitrator must select one or the other of the final offers submitted by the
disputing parties.
a.
binding arbitration
b.
non-binding arbitration
c.
final-offer arbitration
d.
win-win arbitration
85. Since 1990, union membership has ____ as a percentage of the civilian labor force and has ____ in
terms of total union members.
a.
increased; increased
b.
increased; decreased
c.
decreased; increased
d.
decreased; decreased
86. “Energized organizing” to stem the overall decline in union membership involves:
a.
capitalizing on technological advances
b.
targeting ignored worker groups, such as low-wage tier service workers and immigrants
c.
participative management and empowerment
d.
consolidation of national unions under the AFL-CIO
87. Recently, the Union of Needletrades, Industrial and Textile Employees (UNITE) merged with ____.
a.
the United Auto Workers
b.
the Teamsters
c.
Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees
d.
the Service Employees International Union
88. In 2010, union membership was approximately _____ of employed wage and salary workers.
a.
6.9 percent
b.
11.9 percent
c.
15.4 percent
d.
17.2 percent
89. Unions have been an important force shaping organizational practices, legislation, and political
thought in the U.S.:
a.
since before the country was founded.
b.
up until the 1940s.
c.
since the mid-1800s.
d.
whenever a Democrat occupied the White House.
90. Statistics show that approximately _____ jobs in the United States can be offshored.
a.
14 million
b.
26 million
c.
38 million
d.
50 million
91. Which act has had by far the most significant impact on union-management relations?
a.
Norris-LaGuardia
b.
Wagner
c.
Railway Labor
d.
Taft-Hartley
92. Which act placed the protective power of the federal government firmly behind employee efforts to
organize and bargain collectively through representatives of their choice?
a.
Norris-LaGuardia
b.
Railway Labor
c.
Taft-Hartley
d.
Wagner
93. Passage of the __________ Act spurred the huge growth in unionization during the 1930s and 1940s.
a.
Norris-LaGuardia
b.
Railway Labor
c.
Taft-Hartley
d.
Wagner
94. Neutrality agreements secure a binding commitment from the _____________________ to remain
neutral during the organization drive.
a.
employees
b.
local government
c.
employer
d.
national or international union
ESSAY
1. The Wagner Act lists five unfair labor practices of employers. Please list and briefly explain these five
unfair labor practices found in Section 8 of the act.
2. The Taft-Hartley Act lists unfair practices for unions and their members. List five of the eight
restraints placed on union activities under this act.
ANS:
3. Briefly discuss the Landrum-Griffin Act, including the rights and obligations that the legislation
provides.
4. Briefly discuss some of the aggressive organizing tactics that unions sometimes employ.
ANS:
5. Explain some of the issues that should be addressed by the employer’s bargaining strategy.
6. Discuss the various contemporary challenges facing labor organizations today. How are unions
attempting to meet these challenges?
7. What are some “typical” and some “progressive” clauses found in a labor agreement?
ANS: