Chapter 14 Human Relations in a World of Diversity
True / False Questions
1.
(p. 344)
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the number of American companies
engaging directly in competition with overseas companies will decrease in the coming
years.
FALSE
2.
(p. 346)
Prejudice is one type of attitude.
TRUE
3.
(p. 346)
All attitudes have three parts: what you think, feel, and do.
TRUE
4.
(p. 346)
Stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination form the three parts of a prejudiced attitude.
TRUE
5.
(p. 347)
Prejudice is the way you act as a result of your stereotypes.
FALSE
6.
(p. 347)
For a belief to be termed as a stereotype, it has to be a negative belief about members of a
given group.
FALSE
7.
(p. 347)
Whether positive or negative, a stereotype is potentially damaging because it lumps
everyone into one group without recognizing their individual characteristics.
TRUE
8.
(p. 347)
Stereotypes hurt minorities, women, men, and members of other groups.
TRUE
9.
(p. 347)
Hiring, promotions, and job evaluations are areas where stereotypes can affect who is
accepted or passed over.
TRUE
10.
(p. 347)
Biases are always negative impressions.
FALSE
11.
(p. 348)
Discrimination is acting or intending to act, or being inclined to act, on a prejudicial
attitude.
TRUE
12.
(p. 348)
Discriminatory policies in the workplace that are intentionally set to exclude members of
specific groups or to treat them differently are known as exclusionary policies.
FALSE
13.
(p. 348)
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 makes it illegal to discriminate against anyone in a workplace
because of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
TRUE
14.
(p. 348)
The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) was established to monitor
implementation of the civil rights as per laws passed by the Civil Rights Act.
TRUE
15.
(p. 348)
Ethnocentrism is one of the social sources from which prejudices originate.
FALSE
16.
(p. 349)
It’s easier for people to feel superior when they are able to identify other groups of people
as inferior.
TRUE
17.
(p. 349)
One of the theories on prejudice states that prejudice helps people define themselves and
feel socially accepted.
TRUE
18.
(p. 349)
Scapegoating is the practice of blaming yourself unfairly when things go wrong.
FALSE
19.
(p. 349)
Selective perception is a process in which the mind quickly sorts information into
categories to function efficiently.
FALSE
20.
(p. 350)
One way of avoiding prejudices is to assign people to cognitive boxes and then evaluate
them.
FALSE
21.
(p. 350)
Ethnocentrism is based on facts that give rise to prejudice.
FALSE
22.
(p. 350)
One of the theories about the emotional causes of prejudice is that people look for a target
to blame when they are frustrated.
TRUE
23.
(p. 351)
Ethnocentrism is making it easy to overcome racial prejudice.
FALSE
24.
(p. 352)
Prejudice and discrimination toward people who are poorer or wealthier than you leads to
ethnocentrism.
FALSE
25.
(p. 352)
One of the theories of prejudice is that competition leads to frustration and aggression.
TRUE
26.
(p. 352)
Unlike other prejudices, economic prejudice is typically one-way as it usually involves the
rich looking down on the poor.
FALSE
27.
(p. 352)
Sexism is the response to male chauvinism in organizations.
FALSE
28.
(p. 352)
Prejudice and discrimination based on gender is known as sexism.
TRUE
29.
(p. 353)
Placing a woman on a pedestal is the solution to the sexist attitude of considering her as
being of less worth.
FALSE
30.
(p. 363)
A key ingredient for people to begin to understand and appreciate members of other groups
is contact.
TRUE
Multiple Choice Questions
31.
(p. 346)
_____ are your thoughts or beliefs about specific groups of people.
A.
Prejudices
B.
Discriminations
C.
Self-fulfilling prophecies
D.
Stereotypes
32.
(p. 346)
_____ is the way you feel as a result of the stereotypes you believe in.
A.
Prejudice
B.
C.
Self-fulfilling prophecies
D.
Perception
33.
(p. 348)
Institutional prejudice occurs when:
A.
employees of an organization are involved in groupthink due to time pressure, stress,
and low collective self-esteem.
B.
the policies in an organization that are not intentionally set to exclude members of
specific groups have a discriminatory effect.
C.
employees of an organization turn an irrational belief into an imagined disaster.
D.
an organization deliberately hires more men as compared to women.
34.
(p. 348)
Which of the following statements is true of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
A.
It excluded unions from its definition of employers.
B.
It covers those employers who employ less than 10 people.
C.
It established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC).
D.
It makes it illegal to discriminate against anyone because of race.
35.
(p. 348)
The _____ was established to monitor the amended Civil Rights Act of 1972 and related
laws.
A.
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
B.
Better Business Bureau (BBB)
C.
U.S. Merit System Protection Board
D.
Human and Civil Rights Organizations of America (HCROA)
36.
(p. 348)
Cognitive origin of prejudice deals with prejudice that arises from:
A.
the need to feel higher in status than others.
B.
a high level of self-esteem.
C.
the need to categorize and stereotype people.
D.
a belief in ethnocentrism.
37.
(p. 349)
Which of the following statements is true of theories on how social factors cause
prejudice?
A.
It primarily focuses on the thinking and reasoning processes of the people in the
society.
B.
It holds that prejudice primarily arises from the need to categorize and stereotype
people.
C.
It looks at the way organizations unintentionally create exclusionary policies.
D.
It holds that prejudice primarily arises from habits and ethnocentrism.
38.
(p. 349)
Cognitive categorization is best described as:
A.
the process of identifying categories of stimuli before the mind starts processing any
information.
B.
the faculty of some people who are able to simultaneously process information
belonging to different categories.
C.
a process in which the mind quickly sorts information into categories to function
efficiently.
D.
a psychoanalytic tool used to probe the unconscious needs underlying our statements.
39.
(p. 349)
Scapegoating refers to the practice of:
A.
accepting defeat in an organizational conflict.
B.
assigning people to cognitive boxes and then negatively evaluating them.
C.
discriminating against people over the age of 40.
D.
unfairly blaming others when things go wrong.
40.
(p. 349)
Which of the following best exemplifies the practice of scapegoating?
A.
Karl discriminates against African American employees.
B.
Rex passes lewd comments about his female colleagues.
C.
Tina believes that that her ethnic group is superior to other ethnic groups.
D.
Carl unfairly blames his team members for his failure to meet the deadline.
41.
(p. 350)
Ethnocentrism is the belief that:
A.
one’s ethnic group is more normal than others.
B.
people belonging to the poorer sections of the society are lazy and worthless.
C.
other ethnic groups are more normal than one’s ethnic group.
D.
people who do not belong to ethnic groups are more normal than those who belong to
ethnic groups.
42.
(p. 350)
Which of the following statements is true of ethnocentrism?
A.
Ethnocentrism is a cognitive source of prejudice.
B.
It is the belief that people belonging to all ethnic groups are normal.
C.
It is the belief that other ethnic groups are more normal than one’s ethnic group.
D.
The phenomenon of ethnocentrism is not always intentional.
43.
(p. 350)
Valencia is of the opinion that her culture is superior to other cultures. She criticizes the
beliefs of people belonging to other cultures. Valencia’s attitude best exemplifies:
A.
ageism.
B.
nepotism.
C.
sexism.
D.
ethnocentrism.
44.
(p. 351)
Which of the following is true about discrimination?
A.
Racism is the discrimination based on gender.
B.
Male chauvinists discriminate against male employees.
C.
Racial discrimination is prejudice toward people who are poorer or wealthier than you.
D.
Ethnocentrism stands as an obstacle in overcoming racial prejudices.
45.
(p. 356)
Which of the following statements is true of homosexuality?
A.
It refers to people who are sexually attracted to multiple genders.
B.
There is reason to believe that homosexuals are less reliable than heterosexuals as
homosexuality is genetically determined.
C.
There is no reason to believe that homosexuals do their jobs any better or worse than
anyone else.
D.
It has been established in the United States that homosexuality is a chosen lifestyle and
should be a protected category.
46.
(p. 357)
Prejudice and discrimination toward older people is referred to as:
A.
procrastination.
B.
ageism.
C.
egocentrism.
D.
nepotism.
47.
(p. 357)
Which of the following best exemplifies ageism?
A.
Benson looks down on his female colleagues.
B.
Lilac Star Inc. mostly hires white Americans.
C.
Tara is of the opinion that her ethnic group is superior to other ethnic groups.
D.
Blue Mark Inc. forces its employees to retire at 45.
48.
(p. 359)
In the U.S., which of the following questions is most likely to be considered illegal in
interviews when hiring?
A.
“Susan, why should we hire you?”
B.
“Susan, could you describe how you resolved any conflict, personal or professional, in
your last organization?”
C.
“Susan, you’ve been married for four years. So, when are you planning to have
children?”
D.
“Susan, what contribution would you make to our organization if given the job?”
49.
(p. 359)
When sexual harassment relates to indirect actions like posting pornography or talking
about sex in a manner that makes others uncomfortable, this is called creating a(n):
A.
open culture.
B.
sexist stereotype.
C.
hostile environment.
D.
gender-neutral environment.
50.
(p. 359)
Greg, the manager of a retail store, posts pornographic images on the walls of his office
cubicle. This act of Greg can be construed as:
A.
ageism.
B.
sexual harassment.
C.
racial discrimination.
D.
ethnocentrism.
51.
(p. 361)
Janice’s manager, Mr. Stone, makes it a point to compliment her every day and sometimes
comments on her perfect figure. These comments make Janice uncomfortable. Mr. Stone’s
act could be considered as:
A.
sexual harassment.
B.
racism.
C.
ethnocentrism.
D.
institutionalized prejudice.
52.
(p. 360)
The worst reaction to incidents of sexual harassment is:
A.
a violent response.
B.
no response.
C.
a lawsuit.
D.
reciprocal harassment.
53.
(p. 360)
The simplest and most effective method to stop sexual harassment at a workplace is:
A.
filing a suit.
B.
reporting the incident to the top management.
C.
threatening to inform fellow employees.
D.
just asking or telling the person to stop.
54.
(p. 360)
Which of the following statements is true of sexual harassment?
A.
The best response to sexual harassment is to ignore it completely.
B.
Sexual harassment is limited to the harassment of female employees by male superiors.
C.
Sexually harassing behaviors include explicit actions like forced fondling but not indirect
actions like posting pornography.
D.
If a person does not take any action against sexual harassment, it causes the person
much stress.
55.
(p. 362)
A general observation about extremely prejudiced people is that:
A.
they may suffer from low levels of self-esteem.
B.
they are least likely to have an ethnocentric view.
C.
they are typically older people with dated views on life and society.
D.
they often have little trouble accepting the basic humanity of others.
56.
(p. 362)
In his book on prejudice, Gordon Allport has stated that the effects of being victimized by
discrimination fall into two categories:
A.
violent responses and no responses.
B.
internalized prejudice and internalized aggression.
C.
ethnocentric view and egocentric view.
D.
blaming oneself and blaming external causes.