Chapter 14 – Stockholder Rights and Corporate Governance
7. (p. 324) The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), representing
30 nations, issued a revised set of principles of corporate governance in 2004 to serve as a
benchmark for companies and policymakers worldwide.
8. (p. 325) Stock options represent the right to buy a company’s stock at a set price for a certain
period.
9. (p. 326) In 2005, the Securities and Exchange Commission approved new rules that for the
first time required companies to include the cost of stock options in their earnings.
10. (p. 329) Most boards now staff their compensation committees exclusively with outside
directors and permit them to hire their own consultants.
11. (p. 329) Shareholders must rely exclusively on the board of directors.
12. (p. 330) Institutional investors have little incentive to hold their shares and organize to
change management policy.
13. (p. 330) The activism of institutional shareholders has often worsened company
performance.