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1. Overload, a task demand stressor, is invariably quantitative.
a. True
b. False
2. The hours worked and how they are distributed can affect employee safety and well-being.
a. True
b. False
3. A general feeling of exhaustion that develops when an individual simultaneously experiences too much pressure and
too few sources of satisfaction is called turnover.
a. True
b. False
4. Employers must report all accidents and illnesses that result in death in the workplace immediately and directly to the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
a. True
b. False
5. Ambiguity and conflict are the interpersonal demands of a job that can cause stress.
a. True
b. False
6. During times of high unemployment, very few employees for any employer feel truly secure about their jobs.
a. True
b. False
7. An organization is prohibited from creating its own safety precautions for preventing accidents at the workplace
without involving the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
a. True
b. False
8. An employer can be fined $10,000 per violation for willful or repeated major violations of the Occupational Safety and
Health Act (OSHA).
a. True
b. False
9. The physical layout of office space has been found to influence attitudes and behaviors of employees.
a. True
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b. False
10. The Type B personality is characterized as being highly focused on work and highly competitive.
a. True
b. False
11. The _____ is an agency within the Department of Health that conducts research to help establish appropriate safety
and health criteria.
a. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
b. Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission
c. Health Maintenance Organization
d. Pan American Health Organization
12. Who among the following individuals is most likely to be susceptible to occupational health hazards?
a. Rose, who has to climb a set of metal steps to enter her office
b. Sally, who works in a manufacturing company where equipment is arranged in a random manner
c. Robert, who has a congested workstation
d. Edwin, who works for a company that manufactures insecticides
13. Which of the following statements is true of dysfunctional behavior in an organization?
a. It is caused by a poor person–job fit in the organization.
b. It results in direct financial costs for the organization.
c. It includes the actions performed by employees who have clinical depression.
d. It is a result of the affective commitment of employees toward the organization.
14. In the context of the causes of stress at work, group pressures, leadership style, and personalities are _____ that can
result in stress.
a. task demands
b. physical demands
c. role demands
d. interpersonal demands
15. In the context of the differences in how one experiences stress, _____ is characterized as being highly competitive
with few interests outside of work.
a. The Type A personality
b. The Type B personality
c. Hardiness
d. Dysfunctional behavior
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16. Jason, the facilities manager at an automobile manufacturing company, realizes that the number of accidents at the
assembly unit has not reduced even after training the workers. Which of the following strategies should he adopt to
effectively reduce the number of accidents?
a. Reporting every accident to the Department of Labor
b. Reducing automation in the assembly unit
c. Stopping the existing safety engineering
d. Providing safety incentives to the workers
17. In the context of the consequences of stress at work, _____ is a general feeling of exhaustion that develops when an
individual simultaneously experiences too much pressure and too few sources of satisfaction.
a. burnout
b. turnover
c. absenteeism
d. hardiness
18. Which of the following statements defines organizational stressors?
a. They are various factors in the workplace that can cause stress.
b. They are actions that an employee performs under stress.
c. They are direct organizational consequences of employee stress.
d. They are counterproductive behaviors that occur due to stress.
19. In the context of workplace security, _____ is designed to make sure that an employee can afford the medical services
he or she may require.
a. a criteria-style benefits plan
b. an employee assistance program
c. unemployment insurance
d. health insurance
20. In the context of the causes of stress at work, which of the following is a role demand stressor?
a. Occupation
b. Security
c. Overload
d. Ambiguity
21. In the context of the causes of stress at work, _____ is a physical demand stressor.
a. group pressure
b. job security
c. temperature
d. overload
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22. An employee of Speedz Corp., a car manufacturing company, dies on the job because of equipment malfunction.
However, the management does not report the incident to the concerned authorities. In this scenario, Speedz Corp. has
violated the _____.
a. National Labor Relations Act
b. Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act
c. Occupational Safety and Health Act
d. Fair Labor Standards Act
23. Iron Crafters Inc., a hardware manufacturing company, has employed experts to carefully analyze its operating unit, to
identify potential health hazards to employees, and to find solutions to reduce the effects of such hazards. In this scenario,
Iron Crafters Inc. is using _____ to improve the security of the workplace.
a. hardiness
b. safety engineering
c. an institutional program
d. a collateral stress program
24. The HR manager of Carl Investments, a share broking firm, has decided to arrange regular yoga classes for the
employees of the firm. He has taken this decision because many employees have recently complained of poor health due
to work load. In the given scenario, the HR manager of Carl Investments is using a(n) _____.
a. institutional program
b. collateral stress program
c. defined benefit plan
d. defined contribution plan
25. One important approach to controlling accidents at work is to design more security into the workplace through a
process called _____.
a. hardiness
b. circadian rhythm
c. safety engineering
d. collateral safety program
26. Many experts believe that the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) is not effective because:
a. its standards are very comprehensive.
b. its standards lack clarity.
c. it releases highly specific standards that are seldom applicable to all industries.
d. it brings in a completely new set of standards for all industries each year.
27. Which of the following statements is true of turnover as an organizational consequence of stress?
a. It occurs when an employee feigns a legitimate cause as an excuse to stay home for a day.
b. It adds to the costs of an organization, especially when replacing productive workers.
c. It occurs when people relocate to a different branch of the same company.
d. It is a result of increased job embeddedness.
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28. Which of the following statements best defines the safety climate of an organization?
a. It is an organizational climate that promotes safe behaviors through extinction.
b. It is an organizational climate that solely emphasizes accidents rather than safe behaviors.
c. It is the degree to which the actual physical work environment is safe.
d. It is the perception of the importance and priority an organization gives to safety.
29. Miller, a software programmer, is allotted a new project with a tight deadline. Due to differences in time zones
between his location and that of the client, he has to work night shifts thrice a week. Therefore, Miller is most likely to
have a negative attitude toward his job due to _____.
a. occupational hazards
b. improper work schedules
c. group pressures
d. hardiness
30. Which of the following industries had the most number of fatalities in 2014 due to violence at the workplace?
a. The business services industry
b. The construction industry
c. The manufacturing industry
d. The retail trade industry
31. Which of the following is an important ingredient in controlling accidents at work?
a. Employee training
b. Job embeddedness
c. Disability insurance
d. Ethnocentrism
32. _____ are organizational programs created specifically to help employees deal with tension and anxiety.
a. Enrichment programs
b. Collateral stress programs
c. Institutional programs
d. Employee assistance programs
33. Courtessy Corp., a leading law firm, has appointed a counselor who would help junior lawyers in time management.
The counselor would help them schedule their court appearances, set the time required to work on each case, and
supervise the lawyers. This firm aims to reduce the stress that lawyers face in managing their time. In the given scenario,
Courtessy Corp. has most likely adopted a(n) _____.
a. institutional program
b. collateral stress program
c. employee-fitness program
d. career-counseling program
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34. Which of the following statements is true of people who work in rotational shifts?
a. They are less likely to have ulcers than other workers.
b. They can never establish a new biological rhythm for sleep.
c. Their bodies easily find equilibrium.
d. They are not prone to accidents at workplace compared to regular shift workers.
35. In the context of wellness programs in organizations, _____ for managing stress include properly designed jobs and
work schedules.
a. enrichment programs
b. collateral stress programs
c. institutional programs
d. employee assistance programs
36. In the context of common workplace hazards, _____ refers to a shield or other piece of equipment that keeps body
parts from contacting moving machine parts such as gears and conveyor belts.
a. shearing
b. milling
c. tooling
d. guarding
37. Which of the following is a disadvantage of an employee-fitness program?
a. It costs more than other stress-management programs.
b. It attacks stress directly, thereby discouraging employees.
c. It involves supervision, which is a major source of overload.
d. It cannot be customized to suit an employee’s needs.
38. Who among the following has a relatively low-stress job?
a. A firefighter
b. A dietician
c. A military general
d. A commercial airline pilot
39. _____ is a person’s adaptive response to a stimulus that places excessive psychological or physical demands on him or
her.
a. Exhaustion
b. Conflict
c. Stress
d. Turnover
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40. In her job as a flight attendant, Cotney is required to be on her feet for long periods of time. She helps people with
their baggage, pushes food carts, and responds to the customer requests. She needs to be efficient in her work to ensure
that she retains her job as her company is in the process of downsizing. The given scenario illustrates the _____ of
Cotney’s job.
a. task demands
b. role demands
c. interpersonal demands
d. physical demands
41. The _____ was passed in 1970 and is the most comprehensive law regarding worker safety.
a. Health and Safety at Work etc. Act
b. Occupational Safety and Health Act
c. Industrial Safety and Health Act
d. Workplace Safety and Health Act
42. Which of the following is a direct result of overload?
a. Higher rates of hiring in organizations
b. More managers going to their office on weekends to get their jobs done
c. Increase in affective commitment of employees to their organization
d. Decrease in ethnocentrism in the workplace
43. A minor explosion occurs at the chemical processing plant of Clement Inc. In order to study the situation and make
recommendations for improvements in the plant design to avoid such accidents in future, the company sends a team of
experts from its headquarters. These experts analyze the reasons for the accident, identify potential hazards, and suggest
measures that the firm can take to protect its employees. In the given scenario, the experts sent to the chemical processing
plant are known as _____.
a. safety engineers
b. inspection officers
c. gatekeepers
d. headhunters
44. Which of the following statements is a difference between physical demands and role demands as organizational
stressors?
a. Physical demands exist against a background of general life stress, whereas role demands do not.
b. Physical demand stressors include overload and security, whereas role demand stressors include group pressures
and leadership style.
c. Physical demands have only organizational consequences, whereas role demands have only individual
consequences.
d. Physical demands relate to the job setting, whereas role demands result from ambiguity or conflict that people
experience in groups.
45. If a person experiences psychological consequences of stress, he or she is most likely to:
a. suffer from frequent headaches.
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b. take up smoking as a means to relieve stress.
c. sleep too much or not sleep enough.
d. have skin conditions such as acne.
46. An organization can try to make its workplace safer by:
a. involving the Occupational Safety and Health Administration in the creation of all safety precautions.
b. focusing solely on the number of accidents.
c. focusing on safe behaviors at the workplace.
d. not hiring employees with any kind of ailments or disabilities.
47. Which of the following statements is true of the safety standards created by the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA)?
a. They are published and disseminated to employers across the United States.
b. They are enforced by the Department of Health.
c. They focus solely on reducing accidents at the workplace.
d. They are revised every five years by OSHA inspectors.
48. Which of the following statements is true of information technology being a cause of stress at work?
a. It results in information overload.
b. It decreases organizational flexibility in sharing information.
c. It adversely impacts coordination among employees.
d. It reduces communication among people.
49. Which of the following statements is true of the differences in how employees experience stress?
a. Type B personalities experience more stress than Type A personalities.
b. Men are more likely to be absent from work because of stress-related problems than women.
c. Type A personalities are more easygoing than Type B personalities.
d. Women are more likely to experience stress at work than men.
50. _____ is an individual difference that allows some individuals to experience less stress when dealing with stressful
events, and that makes them more effective in dealing with the stress they do experience.
a. Disenchantment
b. Sacralization
c. Hardiness
d. Apathy
51. In the context of the differences in how one experiences stress, _____ is characterized as being less aggressive and
more easygoing.
a. The Type A personality
b. The Type B personality
c. Machiavellianism
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d. Dysfunctional behavior
52. Which of the following statements is true of the influence of the physical work environment on individuals?
a. The use of music in the workplace has no significant effect on employee attitudes and performance.
b. Younger employees are better able to cope with changes in biological rhythms than are older workers.
c. Studies suggest that changes in the level of illumination have the strongest effect on the attitudes of employees.
d. Employees who perceive their work environment as dark are generally less satisfied with their jobs.
53. Which of the following poses a workplace hazard that may cause accidents?
a. Bright lighting at the workplace
b. Horizontal layout of office space
c. Poor housekeeping of office space
d. Elevators in the office building
54. In the context of stress, the opposite of overload is undesirable because it results in _____.
a. tension
b. anxiety
c. boredom
d. distress
55. In the context of the causes of stress at work, _____ is a task demand that can cause stress.
a. leadership style
b. group pressure
c. ambiguity
d. security
56. Which of the following statements is true of turnover in an organization?
a. It is likely to be caused by a poor person–job fit.
b. It is an organizational stressor.
c. It occurs when people relocate to a different branch of the same company.
d. It is a result of increased job embeddedness.
57. In the context of the causes of stress at work, which of the following is a physical demand stressor?
a. Leadership style
b. Security
c. Ambiguity
d. Office design
58. _____ is a set of expected behaviors associated with a position in a group or organization.
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a. A role
b. Ethnocentrism
c. Job embeddedness
d. A task
59. Which of the following statements defines health hazards?
a. It refers to the stressors associated with the specific job a person performs.
b. It refers to the elements of the work environment that more slowly and systematically, and perhaps cumulatively,
result in damage to an employee’s health.
c. It is a set of expected behaviors associated with a position in a group or organization.
d. It is a set of general feelings of exhaustion that develop when a healthy individual experiences too much pressure
and too few sources of satisfaction.
60. Diane, a copy typist at a leading newspaper, is considered the best worker in her team. Because of her high typing
speed, her team leader increases daily targets for all the typists. Her teammates want her to reduce her typing speed so that
the team leader does not increase the targets any further. Diane, who likes to be efficient and quick in her work, is most
likely to be stressed because of the _____ of her job.
a. physical demands
b. role demands
c. interpersonal demands
d. task demands
61. Explain why the physical environment is considered to have the strongest effect on employee attitudes.
62. Briefly explain the three sets of consequences that can result from stress at work.
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63. Explain why the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1970 is the most comprehensive law regarding
worker safety.
64. Explain how hours of work can affect employee safety, health, and well-being.
65. Explain the basic organizational strategies for helping employees manage stress.
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