12-1
Chapter 12 Stress and Stress Management Answer Key
True / False Questions
1.
(p. 288)
Stress is any reaction or response your body makes to a new situation.
TRUE
2.
(p. 288)
Eustress is the kind of stress you are likely to feel when going through a divorce.
FALSE
3.
(p. 288)
Distress comes only from major life changes.
FALSE
4.
(p. 288)
Stress can be caused by major life changes as well as by everyday hassles.
TRUE
5.
(p. 290)
Inner conflict is considered an external stressor.
TRUE
6.
(p. 290)
An approach-approach inner conflict occurs when you are drawn toward and away from
something at the same time.
FALSE
12-2
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McGraw-Hill Education.
7.
(p. 291)
An avoid-avoid inner conflict occurs when you are torn between two undesirable options.
TRUE
8.
(p. 291)
Major life changes are internal sources of stress.
FALSE
9.
(p. 292)
People’s cognitive appraisal remains constant for almost all situations.
FALSE
10.
(p. 292)
The more stressors you encounter, the more comfortable you feel at adapting to new
stressors.
FALSE
11.
(p. 292)
According to psychologist Albert Ellis, irrational beliefs are a source of internal stress.
TRUE
12.
(p. 293)
According to psychologist Albert Ellis, the biggest culprit in one’s emotional stress and
anxiety is the C (or consequences) part of the ABC.
FALSE
13.
(p. 293)
Irrational beliefs can lead to instances of catastrophizing an event.
TRUE
14.
(p. 295)
Type A personalities are characterized by impatience, hostility, perfectionism, and a sense
of time urgency.
TRUE
15.
(p. 295)
According to folk wisdom, top-level executives are most likely to have type A personalities.
FALSE
16.
(p. 296)
People with a hardy personality seem to have three things in common: challenge,
commitment, and control.
TRUE
17.
(p. 297)
People with a hardy personality typically have an external locus of control.
FALSE
18.
(p. 297)
According to the general adaptation syndrome, when you are first confronted with a
stressor, your body responds with an activation of the parasympathetic nervous system.
FALSE
19.
(p. 297)
According to Selye’s theory, you enter the third stage of the general adaptation syndrome,
the stage of exhaustion, when the fight–or-flight response is activated.
FALSE
20.
(p. 297)
In the alarm stage of Selye’s general adaptation syndrome, there is an increase in the heart
rate, blood pressure, and respiration, and a sudden release of adrenaline.
TRUE
21.
(p. 297)
According to Selye’s theory, you enter the second stage of general adaptation syndrome
when you cannot adapt to the stressor successfully and end up using all your physical
resources.
FALSE
22.
(p. 299)
According to Selye’s theory, eustress does not produce physical and chemical changes in
the fight-or-flight response.
FALSE
23.
(p. 300)
Chronic stress can actually weaken your immune system and you may fall victim to an
illness that you would normally fight off with ease.
TRUE
24.
(p. 300)
Researchers have found that people under stress may act restless, impatient, competitive,
and pressured.
TRUE
25.
(p. 300)
Medical research suggests that the effects of stress can strike back much later in life.
TRUE
26.
(p. 301)
Managers can reduce job burnout by being soft and laid-back while making decisions.
FALSE
27.
(p. 301)
Managers can reduce stress in the working environment by providing authority and rewards
commensurate with responsibilities and performance.
TRUE
28.
(p. 303)
Stress does not affect self-esteem.
FALSE
29.
(p. 302)
Stressed employees are more likely than nonstressed employees to abuse alcohol or other
drugs.
TRUE
30.
(p. 303)
Stress impacts all areas of people’s lives: physical health, mental health, social life, and job
performance.
TRUE
Multiple Choice Questions
31.
(p. 288)
According to psychologists, _____ can be defined as the nonspecific response of the body
to any demand made on it.
A.
depression
B.
anxiety
C.
conflict
D.
stress
32.
(p. 288)
Which of the following psychologists theorized that human bodies are nearly always in
some kind of stress?
A.
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
B.
C.
B.F. Skinner
D.
Eric Berne
33.
(p. 288)
The positive stress felt when playing baseball is referred to as ____.
A.
a chronic stressor
B.
distress
C.
conflict
D.
eustress
34.
(p. 288)
Which of the following statements is true about eustress?
A.
It is a kind of pleasant and desirable stress.
B.
It is a kind of stress you might feel during an illness.
C.
It leads to pain, discomfort, and frustration.
D.
It occurs when you are drawn toward and away from a desirable end at the same time.
35.
(p. 288)
Which of the following kinds of stress will you most likely experience when you win a race?
A.
Distress
B.
C.
Hyperstress
D.
Eustress
36.
(p. 288)
Which kinds of stress will you most likely experience when you are down with cold?
A.
Distress
B.
C.
Hyperstress
D.
Eustress
37.
(p. 289)
Which of the following is an example of a chronic stressor?
A.
The excitement about a vacation
B.
The disappointment over the loss of a game of tennis
C.
The anger felt at being discriminated against because of your gender
D.
The grief at the death of a family member
38.
(p. 290)
Keilla works part time with a publishing firm. She loves her work and her colleagues. As an
appreciation of her job performance, she is offered a promotion. Around the same time,
Keilla’s best friend asks Keilla to join her as a partner in her bakery. Baking and making
desserts is Keilla’s passion. Keilla is unable to decide. Which type of inner conflict is Keilla
facing?
A.
Avoid-approach
B.
Avoid-avoid
C.
Approach-approach
D.
Content conflict
39.
(p. 290)
Jacob was excited that he got a promotion as a marketing manager, but the promotion also
meant that he would have to relocate to another state. Jacob is reluctant to move. Which
type of inner conflict will this situation create for Jacob?
A.
Approach-avoid
B.
Approach-approach
C.
Avoid-avoid
D.
Values conflict
40.
(p. 290)
Which type of inner conflict occurs when you are torn between two undesirable options?
A.
Values conflict
B.
Approach-approach
C.
Avoid-approach
D.
Avoid-avoid
41.
(p. 291)
Which of the following is a source of an external stressor?
A.
Chronic worry
B.
Relationship issues
C.
Shy or unassertive personality
D.
Aggressive or bossy personality
42.
(p. 291)
Which of the following is a source of an internal stressor?
A.
Frustration
B.
Inner conflict
C.
Cognitive appraisal
D.
Chronic pain
43.
(p. 291)
Which of the following best describes cognitive appraisal?
A.
It is a way of thinking that causes internal stress by substituting a realistic belief with
one that is destructive.
B.
It is your “thinking evaluation” of an event or situation.
C.
It is the process of expanding an irrational belief into an imagined disaster.
D.
It is a thinking that occurs when goals that you are trying to attain are blocked.
44.
(p. 292)
Jenna constantly tries to please everyone around her. She believes that she must have the
love and approval of all the people who are important to her. Consequently, she works late
to finish tasks for her colleagues, constantly runs errands for her friends, and gets
overloaded with work because she can never refuse sudden requests from her boss. The
most likely reason for Jenna’s unnecessary stress is:
A.
her irrational belief.
B.
her faulty cognitive appraisal.
C.
an avoid-avoid inner conflict.
D.
an approach-avoid inner conflict.
45.
(p. 292)
Darin is a good student who manages to secure high grades in his exams. However, he is
always under the stress that he is sure to fail in his exams. This behavior best exemplifies:
A.
the avoid-avoid inner conflict.
B.
the approach-approach inner conflict.
C.
the practice of catastrophizing an event.
D.
ethnocentrism.
46.
(p. 293)
According to Albert Ellis’s ABC approach, which of the following is the biggest culprit for an
individual’s emotional stress and anxiety?
A.
The activating event
B.
The belief about the event
C.
The consequences of the event
D.
The chronic stressors of the event
47.
(p. 295)
Who among the following is most likely to have a type A personality?
A.
John, who is flexible in delegating work to others and has a minimal sense of time
urgency
B.
Derek, who has the ability to live in the present, and is quickly adaptive to any situation
C.
Sarah, who is docile and submissive in nature
D.
Jessica, who is a perfectionist with a sense of time urgency and is often hostile
48.
(p. 295)
Which of the following statements is a defining characteristic of people with the type B
personality?
A.
They have a sense of time urgency.
B.
They are characterized by perfectionism.
C.
They have the ability to relax and delegate work.
D.
They are typically hostile and impatient.
49.
(p. 296)
Which of the following statements is true of both type A and B personalities?
A.
People are born with these personality types and these remain unchanged during a
person’s lifetime.
B.
People with these personality types are typically hostile and impatient.
C.
People may act like one of these personality types on the outside but feel completely
different inside.
D.
People with these personality types are characterized by their ability to relax and
delegate work.
50.
(p. 296)
Identify one of the “three Cs” of the hardy personality.
A.
Challenge
B.
Catastrophizing
C.
Conformity
D.
Conflict
51.
(p. 296)
The “three Cs” of a(n) _____ are challenge, commitment, and control.
A.
type A personality
B.
hardy personality
C.
type B personality
D.
introvert personality
52.
(p. 297)
Which of the following theories developed by Hans Selye tested the physical effect of
stress on people?
A.
The type A/type B personality theory
B.
The cognitive appraisal concept
C.
The operant conditioning concept
D.
The general adaptation syndrome
53.
(p. 297)
In which stage of the general adaptation syndrome is the fight-or-flight response
activated?
A.
The second stage
B.
The first stage
C.
The third stage
D.
The last stage
54.
(p. 297)
According to Hans Selye’s general adaptation syndrome theory, in which of the following
ways does the body typically react to a stressor in the alarm stage?
A.
It activates the sympathetic nervous system.
B.
It activates the parasympathetic nervous system.
C.
It develops fatal diseases.
D.
It uses up all the physical reserves.
55.
(p. 297)
Which of the following is the second stage of the general adaptation syndrome?
A.
The alarm stage
B.
The stage of exhaustion
C.
The stage of adaptation
D.
The stage of succumbing to a disease of adaptation
56.
(p. 297)
According to Hans Selye’s general adaptation syndrome theory, in which of the following
ways does the body react in the stage of adaptation?
A.
There is a sudden rush of adrenaline in the blood stream.
B.
The sympathetic nervous system shuts down and the parasympathetic nervous system
is activated.
C.
The heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration shoot up at this stage.
D.
The body restores lost energy and repairs any damage done.
57.
(p. 297)
According to Hans Selye’s general adaptation syndrome theory, which of the following
statements is true about the stage of exhaustion?
A.
In this stage, the sympathetic nervous system shuts down and the parasympathetic
nervous system is activated.
B.
In this stage, a person is unable to cope with a prolonged stressor and can become
vulnerable to other stressors.
C.
It is also known as the stage of adaptation or recovery.
D.
It is a stage where people are able to cope with the stressors and soon return to normal.