Chapter 11 – The Future of Training and Development
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Chapter 11
Multiple Choice
1. _____ refers to a company’s ability to make a profit without sacrificing the resources of its
employees, the community, or the environment.
a. Sustainability
b. Accountability
c. Diversity training
d. Eco-management
2. Which of the following is a technology that provides realistic, life-sized holographic
projections in which employees can hear and see collaborators as if they were physically
present in the office?
a. Metaprogramming
b. Cloud computing
c. Teleimmersion
d. Telecommuting
3. Which of the following is true of virtual work arrangements?
a. Successful virtual knowledge teams do not need structure or leadership.
b. Virtual work arrangements include virtual teams but exclude telecommuting.
c. Virtual knowledge teams have constant membership.
d. In virtual work arrangements, location is not a limiting factor.
4. _____ refers to work that is conducted in a remote location where the employee has limited
contact with peers but is able to communicate electronically.
a. Blended learning
b. Telecommuting
c. Cloud computing
d. Teleimmersion
5. Bernard has been working with Miller Advertising firm for a couple of years. He works
from remote locations and does not work at the firm’s office. He communicates with his
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colleagues through e-mails and videoconferencing. Which of the following indicates
Bernard’s work set up?
a. Blended learning
b. Telecommuting
c. Cloud computing
d. Teleimmersion
6. An interaction between two or more people mediated by a computer is called _____.
a. outsourcing
b. benchmarking
c. process consultation
d. digital collaboration
7. Which of the following signifies a training challenge for virtual work arrangements?
a. A company has to develop a map of informal connections between employees
b. Training on the working culture of a company has to be organized for newly recruited
employees at the company’s central office
c. A company has to invest in training delivery methods that facilitate digital
collaboration
d. A company considers its location, organization structure, and employment relationships
as its limiting factors
8. Which of the following is a criticism of the traditional training design model?
a. The trainer is the least important component of the design.
b. It is a linear approach driven by subject-matter experts.
c. It assumes that the training content is unstable.
d. It takes very little time compared to the rapid instructional design model.
9. Which of the following statements is true of rapid instructional design (RID)?
a. In rapid instructional design, resources that are devoted to design and delivery of
instruction cannot be reallocated.
b. In rapid instructional design, instructional content and process can be developed
independently of each other.
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c. Rapid instructional design is a self-serviced, modifiable, and on-demand computing
system that provides information technology infrastructure over a network.
d. Rapid instructional design refers to the company that rents out access to software for a
specific application.
10. All of the following are examples of RID strategies EXCEPT _____.
a. combining different steps of the design process such as analyses and evaluation
b. conducting separate analyses of training needs and learning outcomes
c. developing instruction around job aids
d. using shortcuts (e.g., use existing records for needs assessment; conduct focus groups)
11. Which of the following is a trend in the delivery of training?
a. Managers demanding longer training courses
b. Managers demanding the training courses to include excessive content
c. Managers reducing the number of on-the-job training opportunities
d. Managers being asked to act as coaches to supplement training
12. Which of the following statements is true about demands of the managers with regard to
training?
a. Managers are demanding that the training departments increase the number of courses
and programs being offered without directly addressing a business issue or performance
problem, as it leads to holistic development.
b. Managers are demanding training courses that are shorter and that focus only on the
necessary content.
c. To ensure that learning and transfer of training occur in the larger courses, managers
have asked trainers to act as coaches to supplement the training and create detailed modules
for reference.
d. Managers are not emphasizing on pre-class assignment completion and are using less
post-course job aids.
13. Social network analysis:
a. is an application that suggests how to modify behavior and be more responsive to team
members.
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b. provides realistic, life-sized holographic projections in which employees can hear and
see collaborators as if they were physically present in the office.
c. identifies performance gaps or deficiencies and examines training as one possible
solution for the business units.
d. is a mapping tool that can be used to reduce costs and improve communications within
an organization.
14. Anderson Enterprises, an advertising firm, planned to make its communication process
more efficient and effective and hence interviewed employees to collect details about the
flow of information in the organization. Flow charts were then created that depicted the
way information was passed on to every member in the team. They also prepared maps to
show interaction between different departments. This approach helped the firm increase
inter-departmental communication and reduce costs for the company. Which of the
following approaches is being used by Anderson Enterprises?
a. Social network analysis
b. Just-in-time learning
c. Rapid instructional design
d. Cloud computing approach
15. _____ refers to learning that occurs on the job as needed.
a. Embedded learning
b. Just-in-time learning
c. Mobile learning
d. Adventure learning
16. _____ refers to learning with and from others through face-to-face interactions occurring in
classrooms, conferences, and group meetings, as well as online.
a. Transformative learning
b. Experimental learning
c. Social learning
d. Discovery learning
17. Which of the following involves collaboration and nonlearning technologies, such as
microblogs, and is integrated with knowledge management?
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a. Transformative learning
b. Embedded learning
c. Experimental learning
d. Adventure learning
18. The difference between formal training programs and embedded learning is that:
a. embedded learning focuses more on the development of competencies that can benefit
the employee and the company over the long term.
b. formal training programs include task-specific, real-time content and simulation that are
accessible during work, as well as real-time collaboration in virtual workspaces.
c. formal training programs focus on providing short-term oriented learning that the
employee needs to complete key job tasks.
d. embedded learning focuses on learning that is integrated with knowledge management
and that occurs on the job as needed.
19. Which of the following statements about embedded learning is true?
a. It excludes social learning.
b. Its products include task-specific, real-time content and simulation that are accessible
during work, as well as real-time collaboration in virtual workspaces.
c. It is independent of knowledge management.
d. It focuses more on the development of competencies that can benefit the employee and
the company over the long term.
20. Increased use of contingent workers and increased flexibility to meet customer needs will
lead training departments to have a greater focus on _____.
a. traditional training methods
b. lecture and presentation methods
c. expert systems and electronic performance support systems
d. classroom training
21. Which of the following is true of high-performance work systems?
a. These systems place the least importance on interpersonal skills.
b. Employees need to focus on developing technical skills only.
c. Total quality management has no relevance to such systems.
Chapter 11 – The Future of Training and Development
d. Employees need to understand the entire service and production system.
22. _____ tracks learning activities and costs, and relates learning results to product revenues
or sales goals.
a. A learning management system
b. An embedded learning system
c. Social learning
d. Cloud computing
23. Which of the following is a feature of cloud computing?
a. It provides access to applications and information solely through the employee’s
personal computers.
b. It restricts access to large company databases.
c. It can be delivered on-demand via the Internet or restricted to use by a single company.
d. It restricts access to tools used for conducting workforce analytics.
24. A company that rents out access to software for a specific application is called a(n) _____.
a. storage service provider
b. internet service provider
c. application service provider
d. network service provider
25. Which of the following is the benefit of using an application service provider?
a. It ensures that the training content and methods match the local culture of the
workforce.
b. It saves the company costs related to the purchase or maintenance of an internal
network or intranet.
c. It creates, delivers, and packages training in different formats for beginners and experts.
d. It designs learning space, as well as content in traditional learning environments.
Chapter 11 – The Future of Training and Development
True/ False
1. Training serves an important role in helping organizations achieve sustainability goals.
a. True
b. False
2. The use of social media and other new technologies will decrease in future as a result of the
increasing costs of these technologies.
a. True
b. False
3. New technologies will decrease if companies employ more contingent employees and offer
more alternative work arrangements.
a. True
b. False
4. Virtual retinal display allows real-time, on-site performance support.
a. True
b. False
5. With digital Avatar, corporate trainers can create animated versions of themselves for
online instruction.
a. True
b. False
6. The content of training simulations is constant and therefore can not be altered to suit
global audiences.
a. True
b. False
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7. Work that is conducted in a remote location where the employee has limited contact with
peers but is able to communicate electronically is known as teleimmersion.
a. True
b. False
8. Digital collaboration refers to an interaction between two or more people mediated by a
computer.
a. True
b. False
9. Virtual team members need training only in technical skills and competencies and not in
teamwork skills.
a. True
b. False
10. Because of new technology, trainers are being challenged to find new ways to use
instructional design.
a. True
b. False
11. One principle of rapid instructional design (RID) is development of instructional content
and process must be developed in close coordination with one another.
a. True
b. False
12. In rapid instructional design (RID), the resources that are devoted to design and delivery of
instruction cannot be reallocated.
a. True
b. False
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13. In rapid instructional design, an acceptable strategy is to skip steps in the instructional
design process.
a. True
b. False
14. Managers are demanding training courses that are longer and that focus on holistic
development.
a. True
b. False
15. Social networking platforms will never be part of learning management systems.
a. True
b. False
16. Cloud computing gives companies and their employees access to information through
smart phones and tablets rather than relying solely on personal computers.
a. True
b. False
17. Cloud computing permits employees to access formal training programs only from a
specific educational institution.
a. True
b. False
18. The key decision for companies is not whether to outsource training but rather how much
training to outsource.
a. True
Chapter 11 – The Future of Training and Development
b. False
19. Application service provider (ASP) is a company that rents out access to software for a
specific application.
a. True
b. False
20. The major benefit of using application service provider is that company resources are not
used to purchase or maintain an internal network or intranet.
a. True
b. False
Short Answer/Essay
1. Explain the reasons for increased use of new technologies for training delivery.
2. Identify the future trends that will affect training.
Chapter 11 – The Future of Training and Development
3. Delivery of training in the future must be done faster and more efficiently. How can this be
done? What are some techniques to accomplish this goal?
Chapter 11 – The Future of Training and Development
4. Explain the term embedded learning. Why would it be increasingly prevalent in the future?
5. What is performance analysis approach? Suggest the ways in which training departments
will need to be involved.
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