Chapter 10 – Ecology and Sustainable Development in Global Business
1. (p. 222) Ecology is the study of how living things – plants and animals – interact with one
another in an ecosystem.
2. (p. 222) A commons is a shared resource, such as land, air or water that a group of people uses
collectively.
3. (p. 222) The paradox of the commons is that if all individuals attempt to maximize their own
private advantage in the short term, the commons will still remain productive in the long run.
4. (p. 223) Sustainable development is an appealing idea but also a very controversial one.
5. (p. 223) Land, even when properly cared for, is not a renewable resource.
6. (p. 225) Human society used 60 times as much energy in the late 20th century as it did in 1860,
when industrialization was in its early stages.
Chapter 10 – Ecology and Sustainable Development in Global Business
7. (p. 226) About 20 percent of the world’s people have incomes below the international poverty
line.
8. (p. 227) The world’s income is distributed equally among nations.
9. (p. 228) The world’s natural resource base – the air, water, soil, minerals, and so forth — is
essentially finite, or bounded.
10. (p. 230) In 2000, a group of nations negotiated the Montreal Protocol, agreeing to increase
CFC production and use by 50 percent by 2020.
11. (p. 232) Deforestation – cutting down and not replacing trees – contributes to global
warming.
12. (p. 234) Biodiversity refers to the number and variety of species that have become extinct.
13. (p. 235) Rain forest destruction is controversial because these environments are more
valuable cut down than standing.
Chapter 10 – Ecology and Sustainable Development in Global Business
14. (p. 237) Life-cycle analysis involves collecting information on the lifelong environmental
impact of a product, all the way from extraction of raw material, to manufacturing, to its
distribution, use and ultimate disposal.
15. (p. 238) Sustainable development will require technology cooperation through long-term
partnerships between companies in developed and developing countries to transfer
environmental technologies.
16. (p. 221) In which year was the first World Summit on Sustainable Development held?
Difficulty: Medium
17. (p. 222) The study of how living things interact with one another in a unified natural system
is called:
Chapter 10 – Ecology and Sustainable Development in Global Business
18. (p. 222) Depletion of the ozone layer, destruction of the rain forests, and species extinctions
all have an impact on:
Difficulty: Easy
19. (p. 222) A shared resource, such as land, air, or water, that a group of people uses
collectively is a(n):
Difficulty: Medium
20. (p. 222) A new imperative for governments, businesses and society is to:
Difficulty: Hard
21. (p. 222) Who was quoted as saying, “We now face the ultimate management challenge, that
of managing our own future as a species?”
Chapter 10 – Ecology and Sustainable Development in Global Business
22. (p. 223) Sustainable development:
Difficulty: Hard
23. (p. 223) The core idea(s) of sustainable development is (are):
Difficulty: Medium
24. (p. 223) An attempt to apply the concept of sustainable development has been made by an
initiative called The Natural Step, was created in which country?
Difficulty: Medium
25. (p. 223) Which of the following is an example of a nonrenewable resource?
Chapter 10 – Ecology and Sustainable Development in Global Business
26. (p. 224) With respect to fresh water, according to one estimate, if it were possible to
eliminate pollution, capture all available fresh water, and distribute fresh water equitably:
Difficulty: Hard
27. (p. 225) Which of the following statements is not true about arable land?
Difficulty: Medium
28. (p. 225 – 226) Which of the following statements is not true about the population?
Difficulty: Medium
29. (p. 227) Why is inequality an environmental problem?
Chapter 10 – Ecology and Sustainable Development in Global Business
30. (p. 228) Industrialization is often accompanied by:
Difficulty: Medium
31. (p. 228) The amount of land and water a human population needs to produce the resources it
consumes and to absorb its wastes given prevailing technology is called:
Difficulty: Hard
32. (p. 230) A thin layer of gas that protects the earth from excessive ultraviolet radiation from
the sun is:
Difficulty: Easy
33. (p. 230 – 231) Which of the following statements is true about the Montreal Protocol?
Chapter 10 – Ecology and Sustainable Development in Global Business
34. (p. 231) Which of the following statements is (are) true about global warming?
Difficulty: Medium
35. (p. 233) Which of the following countries has not ratified the Kyoto Protocol?
Difficulty: Medium
36. (p. 234) According to eminent biologist Edward O. Wilson, the costs of decreasing
Difficulty: Medium
37. (p. 234 – 235) Which of the following is not true about rain forests?
Chapter 10 – Ecology and Sustainable Development in Global Business
38. (p. 235) Reasons for the destruction of rain forests include:
Difficulty: Medium
39. (p. 235) The commitments of the Convention on Biological Diversity include:
Difficulty: Medium
40. (p. 236) The goal of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development is to
encourage:
Chapter 10 – Ecology and Sustainable Development in Global Business
41. (p. 237) Which of the following statements is not true about eco-efficiency?
Difficulty: Medium
42. (p. 237) Life-cycle analysis involves:
Difficulty: Hard
43. (p. 237) Which of the following is an example of industrial ecology in practice?
Chapter 10 – Ecology and Sustainable Development in Global Business
44. (p. 238) Which of the following illustrates the idea of sustainable development through
technological cooperation?
Difficulty: Hard
45. (p. 240) The most successful global businesses in coming years will be those companies
that:
Difficulty: Medium
46. (p. 223 – 224) Identify a business with which you are familiar. What steps could this business
take to manage more sustainably?
Chapter 10 – Ecology and Sustainable Development in Global Business
10–12
47. (p. 223 – 225) Identify and explain three major threats to the earth’s ecosystem as described in
the textbook. How will these threats accelerate the ecological crisis?
48. (p. 225 – 228) Three critical factors have combined to accelerate the ecological crisis facing the
world community and to make sustainable development more difficult. Explain and discuss
these three factors.
49. (p. 228 – 230) What is meant by the Earth’s carrying capacity? How can it be measured?
Discuss the changes that need to be made in order to bring the Earth’s carry capacity back into
balance.
50. (p. 230 – 236) What defines an environmental problem that is inherently global in scope?
Discuss in detail two of the four global problems outlined in the textbook that will have major
consequences for business and society.
Chapter 10 – Ecology and Sustainable Development in Global Business
51. (p. 236 – 240) Discuss some of the voluntary initiatives undertaken by businesses around the
world in order to incorporate sustainable development into their every day business practices.
52. (p. 236 – 240) Do you believe economic development (industrialization) helps or hurts the
environment? Why?