85) ________ is a key independent variable in positive organizational behavior research.
A) Engagement
B) Apathy
C) Despair
D) Constraint
E) Pessimism
86) The concept of “reflected best-self” involves ________.
A) focusing on eliminating shortcomings to bring out the best in oneself
B) making employees aware of their weaknesses and rectifying them
C) observing and monitoring drawbacks of a team and then increasing their efficiency with the
help of adequate training
D) asking employees to think about when they were at their personal best in order to exploit their
strengths
E) studying industry-wide best practices and then implementing it
87) Which of the following is an example of an ethical dilemma?
A) Should I work extra hours to complete my assignment?
B) Should I e-mail my manager about queries on the project?
C) Should I discuss with the management the perks being offered?
D) Should I ask my manager for leave during Christmas?
E) Should I play politics to advance my career?
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88) Workforce diversity refers to how organizations are becoming more homogeneous in terms
of gender, race, and ethnicity.
89) The job of a guest relations executive at a hotel is a kind of service job.
90) The rapid globalization of the world economy has largely eliminated the need for managers
to know the cultural norms of the workforce in each country where they do business.
91) Explain workforce demographics and the key managerial skills for dealing with workforce
diversity. What are two trends in workforce demographics?
92) Explain the meaning of Big Data and discuss how its increased availability has led to new
privacy concerns.
93) A(n) ________ is an abstraction of reality, a simplified representation of some real-world
phenomenon.
A) model
B) input
C) process
D) outcome
E) objective
94) Which of the following is true regarding models?
A) Models propose five types of variables.
B) Models proceed from outcomes to processes.
C) Models are used only in manufacturing organizations.
D) Models proceed from processes to inputs.
E) Models show that outcomes can influence inputs in the future.
95) With reference to a basic OB model, ________ are determined in advance of the
employment relationship and refer to variables such as personality, group structure, and
organizational culture that lead to processes.
A) actions
B) inputs
C) outcomes
D) processes
E) goals
96) Which of the following is an example of an input at an individual level?
A) motivation
B) moods
C) values
D) perception
E) emotions
97) An example of an input at an organizational level is ________.
A) motivation
B) conflict
C) power
D) communication
E) structure
98) Which of the following is one of the three variables proposed by a basic OB model which
refers to actions that individuals, groups, and organizations engage in as a result of inputs?
A) processes
B) scrutinization
C) planning
D) association
E) evaluation
99) Which of the following is an example of a process at an individual level?
A) group cohesion
B) values
C) decision making
D) withdrawal behavior
E) power and politics
100) An example of a process at a group level is ________.
A) diversity
B) communication
C) values
D) culture
E) emotions
101) Which of the following is an example of a process at the organizational level?
A) attitudes and stress
B) withdrawal behavior
C) emotions and moods
D) change of practices
E) team responsibilities
102) ________ is an example of an outcome at the organizational level.
A) Productivity
B) Diversity
C) Personality
D) Mood
E) Culture
103) Which of the following is an example of an outcome at an individual level?
A) structure
B) culture
C) politics
D) power
E) attitude
104) The discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee’s formal job requirements and
that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace is called
organizational ________ behavior.
A) withdrawal
B) associative
C) networked
D) citizenship
E) cohesive
105) Group ________ is the extent to which members of a group support and validate one
another at work.
A) affect
B) associability
C) think
D) cohesion
E) maturity
106) Evidence that an organization is able to exist and grow over the long term is called
organizational survival.
107) Productivity refers to the degree to which an organization can achieve its ends at a low cost.
108) The discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee’s formal job requirements and
that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace is called cohesive
behavior.
109) Group functioning refers to the quantity and quality of a group’s work output.
110) What is withdrawal behavior? Explain.
111) What is organizational citizenship behavior?
112) What is group cohesion?
113) Using the concept of organizational survival, how would you define what makes an
organization successful? Why is organizational survival important to defining organizational
success?
114) ________ refers to purposeful and goal-directed thinking used to define and solve problems
and to make decisions or form judgments related to a particular situation or set of circumstances.
A) Communication
B) Knowledge application and analysis
C) Critical thinking
D) Collaboration
E) Organization