George W. Bush’s economic policy was different from Clinton’s because Clinton
favored __________.
a. investing in education, whereas Bush favored investing in environmental reforms
b. reducing government spending, whereas Bush favored increasing government
spending
c. tax reduction, whereas Bush favored eliminating the deficit
d. eliminating the deficit, whereas Bush favored tax reduction
e. tax reduction, whereas Bush favored cutting spending
What was the 1961 freedom ride?
a. a march on Washington in which participants rode bicycles
b. a sit-in during which thousands of college students experimented with LSD
c. a protest in which thousands of college students blocked the routes of segregated
buses and trains
d. a protest in which thousands of people crossed the United States on motorcycles
e. a protest in which a biracial group tested the desegregation laws on public
transportation
The American government affected industrial growth by __________.
a. following a policy of laissez-faire
b. closely regulating the pace of growth
c. providing incentives for growth
d. balancing agrarian and industrial demands
e. increasing taxes on industry
The American Expeditionary Force __________.
a. was primarily made up of draftees
b. consisted largely of the existing U.S. Army
c. was primarily a volunteer army
d. was initially well prepared and trained for war
e. was a spearhead of elite commandos
In mediating the conflict between Russia and Japan, Roosevelt __________.
a. showed little real interest in the final outcome
b. sided with Russia
c. took a totally neutral stance
d. recognized the increasing importance of Japan
e. tried to play both sides against the other with disastrous results
Many of the leaders of the progressive movement __________.
a. opposed professional work and workers
b. were rather well educated
c. tended toward radical views of reform
d. opposed the expansion of women’s rights
e. were determined to have a negative effect on big business
What was the major issue of the election of 1896?
a. race relations
b. tariffs
c. political patronage
d. railroad regulation
e. currency
The institution of slavery became even more entrenched in the South because of the
increasing importance of __________.
a. rice
b. indigo
c. long-staple cotton
d. short-staple cotton
e. sugar cane
How did the New Deal affect American industrial workers?
a. It gave them jobs regardless of race or gender.
b. It provided the means for them to organize and bargain for benefits.
c. It allowed skilled workers to unionize, but left unskilled workers unrepresented.
d. It left them at the mercies of businesses that were supported by the government.
e. It squeezed out women and minorities to give jobs to white men.
What was the significance of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense?
a. It provided the colonists with a rationale for revolution.
b. It acknowledged the sovereignty of the monarch.
c. It persuaded colonial elites to sever their ties with Great Britain.
d. It had little immediate popularity among the colonists.
e. It did not criticize all monarchs, just George III.
Changes in higher education included __________.
a. a loosening of admission standards for professional training
b. the first separate graduate schools
c. an increased emphasis on a classical curriculum
d. a focus on training young men for the ministry
e. more educational opportunities for women
What caused riots in both Los Angeles and Detroit in 1943?
a. food shortages
b. abusive labor conditions
c. racial tensions
d. strong antiwar sentiments
e. layoffs in wartime industries
The Confederate Constitution was __________.
a. a loose collection of ideas rather than a formally drafted document
b. very similar to the U.S. Constitution
c. based on the British Constitution
d. a subject of ongoing debate throughout the war
e. a representation of the desires of reactionary extremists in the South
The most extreme form of Manifest Destiny meant the United States would occupy all
the land __________.
a. from the east coast to the Rocky Mountains
b. from the east coast to the west coast
c. occupied today by the United States and Canada
d. in the entire North American continent including all of Central America
e. in the entire North American continent including the Caribbean islands
Who were the two major presidential candidates in the 1896 election?
a. William Howard Taft and William Jennings Bryan
b. Thomas Reed and Grover Cleveland
c. William Jennings Bryan and William McKinley
d. Marcus Hanna and Thomas Watson
e. Grover Cleveland and William Jennings Bryan
In what way was Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait influenced by the end of the Cold War?
a. Saddam Hussein thought the world would be too busy with the restoration of Eastern
European countries to object to his invasion of Kuwait.
b. The Soviet Union was no longer a superpower that could influence Saddam Hussein.
c. Iraq had seized stockpiles of weapons from Eastern European countries when the
Soviet Union collapsed.
d. Saddam Hussein resented the Kuwaiti government for supporting the communist
regimes of the former Soviet Union.
e. Saddam Hussein was hoping to once again pit the United States against Russia by
invading Kuwait.
The Reconstruction Acts __________.
a. gave freedmen the power to protect themselves
b. enhanced the power of state governments to protect the freedmen
c. were supported only by Radical Republicans
d. allowed southern states readmittance on the basis of the number of freedmen who
could vote
e. were actually a retreat from true radicalism
Beneath the surface, the two candidates in the election of 1928 __________.
a. were strikingly similar
b. were radically different
c. were somewhat alike
d. had little in common
e. despised each other
What Indians desired most, upon encountering Europeans, was __________.
a. cultural enlightenment
b. victims for human sacrifice rituals
c. religious instruction
d. allies to help them defeat their enemies
e. peaceful trade
Which constitutional amendment attempted to give civil rights to the former slaves?
a. Thirteenth
b. Fourteenth
c. Fifteenth
d. Sixteenth
e. Seventeenth
Why was Andrew Jackson so influential in the mid-1800s?
a. He was a forceful and domineering president, unafraid of breaking the Constitution to
gain what he wanted.
b. He was a charismatic and kind president, fighting for the poor and disenfranchised.
c. He was a politician in the right place at the right time; the 1830s and 1840s were a
time when Americans wanted to be led by a strong national government.
d. He made political deals to gain majority support in Congress and the Supreme Court,
using the other branches to further his own agenda.
e. He chose a strong presidential cabinet and followed their advice closely.
What did the popularity of sports in the United States indicate?
a. the influence of European culture
b. the increased amount of leisure time
c. the breakdown of sexual barriers
d. increased freedom for children
e. the boredom of industrial workers
How was John Adams’s presidency made much more difficult?
a. He lacked experience with government.
b. Alexander Hamilton interfered and opposed him constantly.
c. Jefferson refused to cooperate with a Federalist president.
d. America continued to have problems with the British on the seas.
e. Adams could not communicate well with Jefferson.
From its beginnings, Spain regarded her New World domain as primarily a(n)
__________.
a. source of precious metal
b. place to send exiled Moors and Jews
c. opportunity to further promote the Catholic faith
d. supplier of cheap Native American labor to be used on Spanish estates
e. place to establish penal colonies
Northern evangelicalism focused on __________, while southern evangelicalism
focused on __________.
a. self-discipline and social reform, personal piety
b. personal piety, philanthropy
c. the virtues of the family unit, helping the poor
d. philanthropy, self-discipline
e. conversion of the poor, personal piety
How did life change for women as a result of the Civil War?
a. Men traumatized from the war were less choosy about partners for marriage.
b. Northern women pushed the boundaries of their traditional roles.
c. Women were forced into more subservient roles than they had previously occupied.
d. Traditional gender inequalities were destroyed and women were seen as equals.
e. Women gained the right to vote during the postwar period.
Unlike the North, revivalism in southern states did not __________.
a. seek to improve the morals of society
b. push for social reform
c. encourage temperance
d. discourage dueling
e. have an impact on religious life
William Henry Harrison’s nickname “Tippecanoe” refers to his involvement in
__________.
a. the emancipation of African American slaves in the South
b. the forced relocation of eastern tribes west of the Mississippi River
c. widespread disease and death during the westward movement
d. a western battle with Native Americans
e. the nullification crisis
In 1946 and 1947, conflict in which countries caused the Truman administration to
worry about the rise of Soviet power and the spread of communism around the globe?
a. Egypt and Iran
b. Sweden and Norway
c. Belgium and France
d. Vietnam and Japan
e. Greece and Turkey
The “kitchen cabinet” was __________.
a. Jackson’s special staff of gourmet chefs who prepared White House meals,
demonstrating his hypocrisy with regard to social deference
b. a reference to the fact that the only place Jackson could consult with his official
advisors in secrecy was in the White House kitchen
c. Jackson’s circle of unofficial advisors, so low in social rank that he allegedly had to
meet with them in the kitchen
d. the oldest piece of furniture in the White House, saved from destruction by then
General Jackson when the British burned the executive mansion in 1814
e. where Jackson kept his state papers, demonstrating his humility and true “common
man” character
What was the purpose of the “No Child Left Behind” measure?
a. to channel billions of dollars into antipoverty efforts around the world
b. to mandate state testing to evaluate student performance in reading and math
c. to provide resources to low-income families to increase graduation rates
d. to make preschool and kindergarten mandatory for all American children
e. to reform the foster care system in an attempt to prevent child abuse
Why did the United States become involved in the conflict between North and South
Vietnam in 1961?
a. to stop the spread of communism from North Vietnam to South Vietnam
b. to gain control of valuable natural resources in South Vietnam
c. to honor obligations to Russia from the treaty ending World War II
d. to retaliate for North Vietnam’s involvement in the Bay of Pigs operation
e. to stop South Vietnam’s bloody takeover of North Vietnam