By 1960, America’s gross national product was ________ the 1940 gross national
product.
A) less than half
B) about ten percent less than
C) about the same as
D) about fifty percent higher than
E) more than double
Sacco and Vanzetti were convicted of murder primarily because they were _____.
A) Russian immigrants
B) foreign-born
C) atheists
D) former criminals
E) African American
As the Napoleonic wars broke out in Europe, the United States ________.
A) was forced to take sides
B) isolated itself from the war
C) took advantage of the situation
D) feared for the safety of its citizens
E) threw its support behind France, in recognition of French aid during the
Revolutionary War
How did Southerners react to Lincoln’s victory in the presidential election of 1860?
A) They celebrated the end of sectionalist tensions that plagued the nation.
B) They were optimistic that Lincoln would preserve their interests.
C) They redoubled their efforts to win the next congressional election.
D) They resigned themselves to being permanent minorities in America.
E) They launched a movement to secede from the Union.
Why did the Virginia tobacco planters oppose the Navigation Acts?
A) Trading with the Dutch made the price of tobacco decrease.
B) Virginians wanted to be able to import goods from France.
C) The planters received smaller profits due to the customs duties on tobacco.
D) They wanted tobacco to be transshipped through England first.
E) The cost of ships reduced the profits they made from tobacco.
Woodrow Wilson’s decision to invade Mexico in 1916 followed raids on border towns
by _____.
A) Vittorio Zapata
B) Pancho Villa
C) Francisco Madero
D) Victoriano Huerta
E) Carlo Ponti
Which made the economy of Carolina different from the other southern colonies?
A) Carolina’s economy was based on slavery and cotton.
B) Carolina’s economy was as diverse as that of the Middle Colonies.
C) Carolina’s economy became dependent on rice as a staple.
D) Carolina’s economy was based on selling slaves and rum.
E) Carolina’s economy was based on sugar, which was easy to grow in the colony.
Which of the following was advocated by Father Charles Coughlin?
A) the Social Security Act
B) the National Union for Social Justice
C) the Civilian Conservation Corps
D) the Federal Theatre Project
E) the “Share the Wealth” movement
The root of the problems that farmers faced in the 1920s was _____.
A) crop disease
B) foreign competition
C) high labor costs
D) overproduction
E) high tariff rates
In 2002, the Bush administration insisted Iraq was hiding ________.
A) terrorists
B) weapons of mass destruction
C) stolen U.S. documents
D) American diplomats
E) religious leaders
All of the following influenced the growth of American industry in the 1830s and 1840s
EXCEPT ________.
A) the transition to a factory setting
B) the development of mass production
C) the discovery of oil in Pennsylvania
D) the invention of mechanical tools
E) advances in the transportation industry
What was the Moral Majority?
A) an international peacekeeping group
B) a group of moderates who denounced Nixon
C) a liberal group of political activists
D) a group of civil rights activists
E) a religious fundamentalist group
How did former slaves’ ideas about their freedom conflict with the ideas of their
northern allies?
A) Their northern allies wanted freed blacks to continue working on plantations for
white planters, but African Americans did not want to return to plantation life.
B) Freed blacks wanted to move to the North and begin new lives, but their northern
allies felt they needed to stay in the South.
C) Their northern allies felt that freed blacks should continue with their communal
work system, but freed blacks wanted to take part in the piecework system.
D) Freed blacks wanted to move to new land of their own, while their northern allies
felt they should remain on the land where their families had lived for generations.
E) Freed blacks wanted to continue with a family-based communal work system, but
northerners wanted them to become individual wage earners.
The rebirth of the Ku Klux Klan began in 1915 in the state of _____.
A) Texas
B) Oregon
C) Illinois
D) Georgia
E) Alabama
Under the Compromise of 1850, who would determine whether a territory would have
slavery, per the principle of squatter sovereignty, or popular sovereignty as it was later
called?
A) Congress
B) territorial legislatures
C) the state’s constitutional convention
D) the Supreme Court
E) the House of Representatives
Which was an organization of farmers that formed during the late 1880s?
A) the Colored Farmers’ Alliance
B) the Northern Alliance
C) the Western Alliance
D) the Grange
E) the Farm Workers’ Association
Which one of the following groups was not part of the southern Republican party of
1868?
A) businessmen hoping for government support
B) poor white farmers
C) newly enfranchised African Americans
D) white planters
E) ‘scalawags” and carpetbaggers
In the 1780s, nationalists were those who _______.
A) advocated the elimination of sectional differences
B) pushed to establish symbols such as the flag and a national anthem
C) supported states’ rights
D) called for a strong central government
E) called for a firm stand against Britain
In what ways was the War of 1812 strange?
A) It was fought on U.S. territory but between France and Great Britain.
B) Its goals were dubious, and none of them were achieved.
C) Great Britain was engaged in an expensive and taxing war with France but still
found resources to engage the U.S. on land and by sea.
D) It was a “paper” war of unenforced embargoes, wild rumors, and great lies.
E) It was mainly fought by merchants and pirates on the Atlantic Ocean rather than by
soldiers on land or naval officers at sea.
Which of these explains the failure of the National Recovery Administration?
A) Labor and management were unable to really work together.
B) Its programs failed to help farmers.
C) Few banks were actually saved by the program.
D) The Supreme Court struck the program down at the height of its success.
E) The limits put on competition drove prices disastrously low.
To secure the necessary troops for the war, both the North and the South ________.
A) resorted to a draft
B) forbade wealthy men to buy exemptions
C) allowed women to join combat units
D) hired mercenaries from Europe
E) used “press gangs,” coercion, and blackmail to obtain soldiers
The 1920 census revealed that _____.
A) slightly more than half of the population lived in cities
B) most people still resided in rural areas
C) southern cities were experiencing a population boom
D) a third of the population had migrated to the South
E) African Americans were migrating from the North
Why did freight businesses not immediately shift to the railroads when they were first
built?
A) Companies distrusted the safety of the steam engine.
B) Companies received financial incentives from the government to stay with canal
routes.
C) Canal boats were cheaper.
D) Companies were not convinced of their reliability.
E) Companies were fiercely loyal to the canal operators.
The English monarch responsible for quieting religious conflict and strengthening
England in the face of Spanish power was ________.
A) Henry VII
B) Henry VIII
C) Elizabeth I
D) Mary Tudor
E) James I
The Philippine-American War was ________.
A) a minor event for Americans
B) more costly than the Spanish-American War
C) fought in a traditional manner
D) never completely resolved
E) over even before the Spanish-American War
How did expansion affect men like John Jacob Astor?
A) As free African Americans, men like Astor could settle in the West and make a life
for themselves.
B) As displaced Native Americans, men like Astor could relocate in the newly acquired
land of the West or Florida making a new life for themselves.
C) Expansion gave entrepreneurs like Astor the opportunity to create prosperous
immigrant neighborhoods like Astoria, New York.
D) Expansion gave entrepreneurs like Astor the opportunity to create prosperous
companies in the West.
E) Expansion gave immigrants like Astor the opportunity to work hard in an industrial
mill and one day save enough money to start their own business.
The first great federal transportation project was the ________.
A) National Road
B) Lancaster Turnpike
C) Erie Canal
D) transcontinental railroad
E) Union and Pacific Railroad
Why did the Nixon administration decide to resume relations with China?
A) China had cautiously inquired about resuming normal diplomatic relations.
B) The United States believed it would force better relations with the Soviet Union.
C) The United States wanted to thwart the growing economic power of Japan.
D) The United States wanted to patch up relationships with Asian nations after the
Vietnam War.
E) The suffering U.S. economy forced Nixon to make an economic arrangement with
China.
In which colony was the death rate for the early colonists most severe?
A) Massachusetts
B) New York
C) Rhode Island
D) Virginia
E) Pennsylvania
Which statement best characterizes how the increase in immigration changed the U.S.
economy in the mid”1800s?
A) Immigration hindered economic growth because immigrants came in such large
numbers that there were not enough resources for everyone.
B) Immigration slowed down the Industrial Revolution because immigrants launched
frequent and effective labor protests.
C) Immigration boosted the economy because immigrants provided much of the capital
that was needed for infrastructure and entrepreneurship.
D) Immigration boosted the economy by providing the skilled labor that was
desperately needed in the labor force.
E) Immigration accelerated the Industrial Revolution by providing a large pool of cheap
factory labor.
How does the financial-political climate of the late eighteenth century compare to
today’s climate?
A) The late eighteenth century was a simpler time; people were either farmers or
professionals; few people discussed politics or financial systems.
B) Debate about politics and finances was more intense in the late eighteenth century;
strife resulted as people established political and financial systems.
C) In the late eighteenth century, politics and finances were intertwined; today financial
institutions are separate from the influence of political systems.
D) Both the financial and political climates of the late eighteenth century and today can
be characterized as generally peaceful and focused on domestic affairs.
E) The political and financial climates of both times can be characterized as strife-filled,
interdependent on each other, and heavily influenced by foreign affairs.
What influenced President Reagan’s interaction with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev?
A) The Soviet Union was becoming an economic power that the United States could not
isolate.
B) The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan and escalated the arms race.
C) Mikhail Gorbachev was interested in making peace with the United States.
D) Mikhail Gorbachev was committed to blocking American interests abroad.
E) The Soviet Union had fallen into chaos and a resulting civil war.
How did the Historia de las Indias change the colonization of the New World?
A) It helped the Spanish recognize that they needed to be ruthless in order to prevail.
B) It led Spain to improve its treatment of Indians under their rule.
C) It helped the Spanish recognize that they would not be able to prevail over the
powerful empires in the New World.
D) It led the Spanish to the conquest of the Aztecs.
E) It helped the Spanish recognize that Spanish culture was vastly inferior to native
culture.