According to Alverson (Advice for Developers), Tswana farmers fail to recognize the
subtle references about sex, age, and class in the English language of Peace Corps
volunteers .
In his article, “Body Ritual among the Nacirema,” Miner notes that women regularly
visit ritual houses to have their heads baked in special ovens.
According to Sterk, 30 prostitutes she interviewed were college graduates and 75
percent of her informants had graduated from high school.
According to Abu-Lughod (Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving?), Muslim women
would be willing to give up their religion in exchange for freedom from war and
poverty.
According to Tannen (Conversation Style: Talking on the Job), most people think that
miscommunication is caused by the intention, different capabilities, and character of
others, or by their own failure or a poor relationship.
Cultural diffusion is the process by which a cultural custom, item, or concept
is transformed to fit the cultural context of a society that borrows it.
Language is a system of cultural knowledge used to generate and interpret speech.
Division of labor refers to the person or organized group responsible for producing
something.
According to Deutscher (You Are What You Speak), a word categories and grammar of
people’s language prevent speakers from perceiving the way other speakers see the
world.
According to Harris (Life without Chiefs), the hierarchy and leaders with authority arise
in human society as a result of culture, especially economic factors and group size, not
biological inheritance.
Gmelch notes that female students from the U.S. find it nearly impossible to conduct
fieldwork in Barbados because they are unwittingly disrespectful to Barbadians.
According to Cronk, the phrase “Indian giver” arose because North American Indians
misunderstood European customs and wanted gifts they gave to colonists to be returned
promptly and with interest.
Patten (Malawi Versus the World Bank) notes that the goal of the World Bank and IMF
is to loan poor countries money to help them institute capitalism and to bring them into
the global economy.
According to Alverson (Advice for Developers), Americans reveal intimate information
about themselves to friends. Tswana feel revealing secrets is dangerous.
A “rank society” is one in which members have unequal access to prestige and valued
economic resources.
Weatherford (The Founding Indian Fathers) notes that an Iroquois named Canassatego,
speaking at an Indian-British assembly in Pennsylvania in 1744, complained that it
would be easier for the Indians to deal with colonists if the latter would form a union of
all the colonies and speak with one voice.
According to Guneratne and Bjork (Village Walks), despite the incursion of tourists
during the dry season, the Tharu residents of Pipariya managed to live much as they had
before the 1950s.
According to Alverson (Advice for Developers), Tswana are liable to show up at a
volunteer’s door when the American says “We should get together sometime.”
According to Sterk (Prostitution in the Era of AIDS), finding informant sites, making
contact, dealing with self-appointed key informants, gaining rapport, and leaving the
field, were all important challenges to doing ethnographic fieldwork among prostitutes.
According to Abu-Lughod (Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving?), most Muslim
feminists have strongly opposed the wearing of burqas and other forms of veiling in
their countries of origin.
Much of the hostility between a woman and her mother-in-law comes about because of
the ambiguous position of her husband.
According to Barrett (Leprosy on the Ganges), the Indian city of Varanasi is a religious
center on the shores of the Ganges, a river Indians believe has the ability to absorb one’s
troubles and sins.
According to Stryker (Ethnography in the Public Interest), public interest ethnography
may achieve a redistribution of power that includes those affected by policy.
According to Barrett (Leprosy on the Ganges), a man named Ram Dev asked Barrett to
cut him in order to make his body, mutilated by the effects of leprosy, look even worse.
According to McCurdy (Using Anthropology), one disadvantage of using the
ethnographic approach in management is that workers come to feel that no one cares
about them.
Cultural hybridization is the process by which a cultural custom, item, or concept
is transformed to fit the cultural context of a society that borrows it.
The primary means of gaining conformity and order from individual members of a
society is through enculturation.
According to Gmelch, magical ritual is most often associated with hitting and pitching
in baseball.
According to Tannen (Conversation Style: Talking on the Job), speaking styles are
ritualized forms of verbal interaction that often differ between men and women.
Applied anthropology focuses on the use of anthropological knowledge to inform,
enlighten, or increase the understanding of some individual or group.
The Tiv approved of Hamlet’s mother’s marriage to her husband’s brother within a
month of her husband’s death.
Mann (You@Work) stresses the importance of first filing your application and resume
by U.S. mail because it is a more formal and impressive medium.
According to Fish, human beings cannot be classified into races on the basis of physical
characteristics because there is so little variation within the human species.
Sterk listed several conclusions about prostitutes and prostitution based on her field
study.
Which one of the following is not a conclusion she reached.
a. Men are often violent toward prostitutes.
b. Women do leave “the life,” but their past often follows them like a bad hangover.
c. Most prostitutes work for a pimp.
d. First experiences as prostitutes often involve alienation from people outside the life.
e. Although police and health professionals insist that prostitutes are drug addicts, most
are not.
According to Scheper-Hughes in her article, “Mother’s Love: Death without Weeping,”
poor Brazilian mothers living in a shanty town near the town of Bom Jesus de Mata
a. will do almost anything to earn money in order to pay for the treatment of their sick
babies.
b. stay emotionally detached from their babies, particularly those they feel are likely to
die.
c. depend for child support on the local churches and civil authorities.
d. observe nearly a year of formal mourning when a child dies, during which time they
are not allowed to dance or laugh in public.
e. try not to have children because infants die so easily.
According to Part 3 of Conformity and Conflict, the relationship of an organism to other
elements within its environmental sphere is called
a. ecology.
b. cultural ecology.
c. the physical environment.
d. the cultural environment.
e. biointeraction.
According to Alverson (Advice for Developers), Tswana believe that being alone is a
a. time to think.
b. way to experience a religious experience.
c. necessary part of resting.
d. time for secrets.
e. way to avoid work.
The custom of polyandry may end among Tibetans living in Nepal because
a. women don”t like the custom.
b. men don”t like the custom.
c. of government opposition and new economic opportunities.
d. of conflict between men over rights to a woman’s children.
e. of new techniques for reclaiming land to farm.
According to Bourgois (Office Work and the Crack Alternative), the New York City
economy
a. has lost tens of thousands of jobs since 1963.
b. is dominated by manufacturing jobs requiring unskilled labor.
c. has the same number of jobs that it did in 1963 but more of these are located in
offices.
d. only has jobs that can be held by educated people.
e. none of the above
McCurdy (Family and Kinship in Village India) observes that
a. despite the dispersal of relatives as a result of migration to cities for work, Indians
maintain a high degree of loyalty to and support of their kin.
b. work in cities has destroyed the Indian family and kinship system.
c. cash labor has led to personal independence and the end of family arranged marriages
in India.
d. two of the above
e. none of the above
In his article on the impact of the market for cocaine on the Bolivian economy,
Weatherford argues that
a. cocaine, while damaging its users, has been a blessing to Bolivian farmers.
b. the cocaine trade is providing the capital necessary for Bolivian development.
c. the cocaine trade has disrupted the traditional rural Bolivian economy.
d. two of the above
e. none of the above
According to McCurdy (Family and Kinship in Village India),
a. extended kinship systems are especially well suited to the organization of land
holding in agrarian societies.
b. industrialization and the market economy have essentially eliminated extended
kinship ties in the Bhil village of Ratakote.
c. the Bhil tribals of Ratakote must marry spouses from their own clan, their mother’s
clan, or their father’s mother’s clan.
d. two of the above
e. none of the above
According to Richard Lee, in 1963 !Kung men
a. supplied between 20 and 40 percent of the calories consumed by members of a camp.
b. hunted almost every day to bag sufficient food for people’s daily needs.
c. collected approximately 70 percent of the edible vegetable foods.
d. began hunting regularly before they are ten years old.
e. most often used hunting nets to bag game.
According to Cronk in his article, “Reciprocity and the Power of Giving,” people use
gift giving to
a. initiate relationships.
b. maintain relationships.
c. fight.
d. two of the above
e. a, b, and c above
According to McCurdy, a major tension in Bhil society occurs over the movement of a
woman from her own family to that of her husband at marriage. Which of the following
is a way Bhil cultural practice functions to reduce this tension?
a. Grooms ritually storm the bride’s front yard to symbolize that they are taking the
woman away from her family.
b. After the wedding, the family of the bride treats the groom and his family with
formal respect behavior.
c. The groom’s family pays the family of the bride dapa (bride price) to compensate
them for the loss of their daughter.
d. two of the above
e. a, b, and c above
According to Reed, Guaran Indians subsist in the Amazon tropical forest largely by
a. slash-and-burn farming.
b. horticulture and foraging.
c. foraging.
d. cattle ranching.
e. rubber tree tapping.
In her article, “Uterine Families and the Women’s Community,” Margery Wolf asserts
that Taiwanese women
a. must always depend on their husbands for support in family affairs.
b. band together with the wives of their husband’s brothers to achieve intrafamily
power.
c. gain power by having sons.
d. gain power from the families their daughters marry into.
e. gain the most power by working hard at family tasks.
Omonundro (Career Advice) notes that James Spradley observed that
a. young people in simpler societies often feel anxiety about the transition to the adult
world of work.
b. young people in simpler societies do not need to learn work skills because work is
not complex in such groups.
c. young people in complex societies have a difficult time knowing how to chose and
obtain a job.
d. young people in any society find it difficult to move into a career.
e. none of the above
According to Dubisch (Run for the Wall), the term liminality refers to
a. the emotional content of ritual.
b. a ritual period that is different from normal everyday time.
c. the patterned, repetitive aspects of ritual.
d. the special social myths reenacted by ritual.
e. a journey specifically associated with pilgrimages.
The phrase, “tax burden,” is a good example of the use of
a. demagoguery.
b. hyperbole.
c. metaphor.
d. non linguistic symbols.
e. linguistic crossover.
Magic, according to Malinowski (cited in “Baseball Magic”), occurs in response to
a. anger.
b. frustration.
c. anxiety.
d. social pressure.
e. none of the above
When a man is simultaneously married to two or more women, anthropologists call the
arrangement
a. polygamy.
b. polygyny.
c. polyandry.
d. the sororate.
e. exogamy.
Hindi speakers hear which of the following two English phonemes as a single
phoneme?
a. /t/ and /d/
b. /k/ and /g/
c. /b/ and /d/
d. /l/ and /r/
e. /v/ and /w/
The process of discovering and describing a particular culture is called
a. interviewing.
b. ethnology.
c. participant observation.
d. ethnography.
e. ethnocentrism.
Boxer (The Military Name Game), notes that the name for U.S. operations in
Afghanistan, “Infinite Justice,” was dropped because
a. the term, “infinite,” implied that the operation would go on forever.
b. the term, “justice,” implied a legal rationale for pursuing the conflict and there was
none.
c. the phrase was too general and meaningless.
d. the Council on American-Islamic Relations felt it implied a godly role for the U.S.
e. the phrase angered the U.S.’s Arab allies.
Tannen argues that one negative consequence for women of asking questions is
that they may seem
a. weak and unconfident.
b. pushy and overbearing.
c. cold and uncaring.
d. two of the above
e. a, b, and c above
Miner (Body Ritual among the Nacirema) notes that among the Nacirema, a ritual
specialist called a latipso specializes in the care of the mouth.
Scheper-Hughes reports that about infants died in Alto do Cruzeiro, Brazil, in 1965.
a. 100
b. 150
c. 250
d. 300
e. 350
According to Shandy (The Road to Refugee Resettlement) the UN classifies refugees as
people with a well founded fear of persecution based on
a. race or religion.
b. membership in a particular social group.
c. political opinion.
d. two of the above
e. a, b, and c above
Religious specialists who control supernatural power are called
a. priests.
b. diviners.
c. shamans.
d. witch doctors.
e. gurus.
According to Barrett (Leprosy on the Ganges), physical damage caused by leprosy
a. is the result of a bacterium that kills the cells in the extremities of its victim thus
causing lesions.
b. can be healed by the six to nine month course of a three drug treatment.
c. occurs in the internal organs such as the liver, pancreas, and kidneys.
d. is the result of trauma to the body’s nerve destroyed extremities.
e. is the result of self inflicted trauma by pain racked victims of the disease.
According to Miner (Body Ritual among the Nacirema), the Nacirema regularly look
forward to entering a local shrine, called the latipso, to have their bodies renewed.
According to Omohundro (Career Advice), many anthropology professors hesitate to
give career advice because they
a. don”t believe they know enough about the world of work.
b. do not believe anthropology is useful for anything.
c. have an aversion to “vocationalism.”
d. two of the above
e. a, b, and c above
According to Deutscher, Roman Jacobson argues that language
a. determines perception.
b. makes a difference between what it allows us to think and what it requires us to
think.
c. is unrelated to perception. People everywhere can perceive the same things in the
same way.
d. contains two ways to indicate direction.
e. is caused by perception. As our perceptions change, so does language.
Shandy (The Road to Refugee Resettlement), notes that the civil war that wracked the
Sudan for years is often said by outsiders to be between
a. the Nuer and the Dinka.
b. Arabs from the north and Africans from the south.
c. northern Muslims and Southern Christians.
d. two of the above
e. a, b, and c above
According to the Freeds (Taraka’s Ghost), Sita
a. associated death with sex and childbirth.
b. cured her anxieties over sex and childbirth through the help of her friend, Taraka.
c. was quickly cured of ghost possession by an exorcist hired by her father.
d. only endured ghost possession when she went home to visit her mother and father.
e. was raped by a school teacher when she was 13 years old.