The “kitchen cabinet” was ________.
A) Jackson’s special staff of gourmet chefs who prepared White House meals,
demonstrating his hypocrisy with regard to social deference
B) a reference to the fact that the only place Jackson could consult with his official
advisors in secrecy was in the White House kitchen
C) Jackson’s circle of unofficial advisors
D) the oldest piece of furniture in the White House, saved from destruction by then
General Jackson when the British burned the executive mansion in 1814
E) where Jackson kept his state papers, demonstrating his humility and true “common
man” character
What does the term ‘second party system” refer to?
A) the two-party system of American politics from about 1790
B) the party system from about 1830 to 1850
C) the creation of a new third political party in the 1940s
D) the political party not in power in government
E) a total shift in American politics
The term Reconstruction refers to the _______.
A) period immediately following the Civil War
B) attempt to rebuild the city of Atlanta
C) struggle at Gettysburg
D) treatment of African Americans after emancipation
E) attempt to change southern ideas about slavery
Woodrow Wilson’s record on race relations _____.
A) elicited the support of African Americans
B) disappointed many progressives
C) won him support in the North
D) demonstrated opposition to discrimination
E) flew in the face of Roosevelt’s policies
To what was French historian Alexis de Tocqueville referring when he wrote, “it is
possible to foresee that the freer the whites in America are, the more they will seek to
isolate themselves”?
A) The more rights and liberties whites obtain, the less willing they are to share those
rights with others such as African or Native Americans.
B) Democracy breeds in people (white Americans especially) an isolationist attitude,
causing them to eschew involvement in foreign affairs.
C) As all whites gain rights and liberties despite social or economic status, they will be
more willing to share those rights with nonwhites.
D) In order to gain rights and liberties, whites must oppress others, namely African and
Native Americans.
E) Because white Americans are isolated from African and Native Americans, they do
not see that they do not share the same rights and liberties.
Which statement below is true of the American Colonization Society?
A) African countries refused to participate in the program.
B) It advocated immediate emancipation of slaves.
C) It was opposed by AfricanAmericans in the North.
D) Government intervention hampered its efforts.
E) It was responsible for most of the emancipations prior to the Civil War.
Lincoln Steffens did much of his research and writing about ________.
A) corruption in city government
B) filth in meatpacking plants
C) monopolies
D) environmental conservation
E) unhealthy working conditions
Dividing the Republican party early in William Howard Taft’s administration was
_____.
A) the debate regarding the role of government in foreign policy
B) the problem of banking regulation
C) a decision concerning the need to lower tariffs
D) the question of campaign strategy
E) the split loyalty between Taft and Roosevelt supporters
In 1894, the Immigration Restriction League demanded a literacy test for immigrants
from ________.
A) China
B) Ireland
C) southern and eastern Europe
D) Mexico
E) northern Europe
According to the decision of Gibbons v. Ogden, which of these would regulate interstate
commerce?
A) the executive branch
B) Congress
C) the Supreme Court
D) the individual states
E) the judicial branch
The Soviet Union first learned of the American atomic bomb _______.
A) from President Roosevelt during the Yalta Conference
B) from President Truman at the Potsdam Conference
C) when Truman invited Stalin to see a film of a test
D) through the use of espionage
E) when the first one was dropped on Hiroshima
How did Kennedy secure the African-American vote in the 1960 presidential election?
A) He promised to defend African nations from communism.
B) He promised to appoint an African American as his running mate.
C) He supported the release of Martin Luther King, Jr. from jail.
D) He publicly criticized southern Democrats who supported segregation.
E) He was a close personal friend of Stokely Carmichael.
What was the main reason for the Ku Klux Klan’s success in the South after 1868?
A) popular support from whites of all social classes
B) its centralized political organization
C) its support from the southern state Republican governments
D) the persistent threat of a violent black uprising
E) the Force Act, which protected terrorist groups like the Klan
The international oil organization most responsible for raising petroleum prices in the
1970s was ________.
A) ACT UP
B) OPEC
C) SALT
D) SDI
E) ERA
Which famous battle occurred just days after Texas declared itself a republic?
A) the battle of the Nueces
B) the battle of Matamoros
C) the battle of the Alamo
D) the battle of Veracruz
E) the siege of Mexico City
How did the Democratic Party change its tactics in the early 1990s and regain the White
House?
A) It became more liberal in order to differentiate itself from the Independent Party.
B) It became more moderate and began tailoring programs to the middle class.
C) It stopped focusing on the middle class and instead sought upper class support.
D) It abandoned the traditional Democratic goals such as healthcare reform.
E) It strengthened its focus on the importance of big government.
Which of the following statements describes government policy toward Native
Americans in the 1860s?
A) It ignored or opposed tribal organization.
B) It was consistent but not successful because of tribal organization.
C) It was formulated by humanitarians who wanted to preserve tribal organization.
D) It was a failure because the Indians insisted on being farmers.
E) It was based on a system of hierarchy toward various groups.
During Reconstruction, most African Americans _______.
A) were able to become independent farmers
B) lived in integrated urban societies
C) remained agricultural workers
D) had no opportunity for schooling
E) left the South in overwhelming numbers
Who profited most from the union of slavery and cotton production?
A) inventors and entrepreneurs
B) small business owners
C) non-slaveholders
D) small slaveholders
E) large plantation owners
President Andrew Johnson was eventually _______.
A) loved by most African Americans
B) admired by wealthy southern planters
C) opposed by Radical Republicans
D) compromising in his actions and policies
E) determined to carry on with Lincoln’s plans
The economic abundance of the 1950s _______.
A) benefited all geographic regions of the country almost equally
B) virtually erased unemployment throughout the United States
C) did not benefit the steel industry and agriculture as much as other industries
D) had very little effect on the American public outside of the upper class
E) led to a surprising racial equality
What was the reason for Andrew Carnegie’s success?
A) He inherited a large family fortune.
B) He understood how to organize steel industry management.
C) He shared profits with his workers.
D) He had no competition from other producers.
E) He had worked in the steel industry since childhood.
Which of the following was a New Deal program that worked to bring about farm
recovery?
A) the Federal Farm Board
B) the Agricultural Adjustment Administration
C) the Tennessee Valley Authority
D) the National Recovery Administration
E) the Civilian Conservation Corps
Which of the following demonstrates that economics was a major motivation for
immigration?
A) the occupations of the immigrants
B) the kinds of labor needed in the United States
C) the peaks in immigration that correspond to times of economic prosperity
D) the wages paid to immigrants
E) the forms that immigrants filled out when they reached Ellis Island
What did the United States do in the early 1980s that caused the Soviet Union to break
off disarmament negotiations in Geneva?
A) It revealed plans to develop the Strategic Defense Initiative.
B) It placed missiles in Great Britain and Germany.
C) It sent American troops into Afghanistan.
D) It opened up diplomatic relations with China.
E) It forcibly broke the Saudi Arabian oil embargo.
What was the approximate population of the U.S. in 1810?
A) 1 million
B) 7 million
C) 23 million
D) 80 million
E) 110 million
How was Washington’s election to the presidency different from that of every president
since?
A) He was unanimously elected by the Electoral College.
B) He was elected by the public as there was no Electoral College yet.
C) He was not “elected” but rather appointed by Congress.
D) He is the only army general to become president.
E) He is the only president who wasn”t born on American soil.
By the end of Washington’s first term of office, ________.
A) political harmony had unified the cabinet
B) political squabbling had divided the government
C) political parties had not yet formed
D) the machinery of government had been brought to a standstill
E) politicians listened only to public opinion
Which institution was the first focus of the NAACP’s efforts to end segregation?
A) kindergartens
B) elementary schools
C) middle schools
D) high schools
E) universities
Which of these countries was given most-favored nation status in 2000, in spite of its
poor human rights record?
A) Egypt
B) Turkey
C) China
D) Russia
E) Mexico
How did transportation affect industry and agriculture in the early nineteenth century?
A) Improved land and water transportation changed the U.S. from an agricultural to an
industrial society.
B) Improved land and water transportation allowed the U.S. to develop more industry
and create a cash crop agricultural system.
C) Developments in land and water transportation were slow so the U.S. remained an
agricultural society with virtually no industry.
D) Because land transportation was so poor, water transportation caused industry and
agriculture to be confined to the East coast.
E) Because water transportation was cheaper than land transportation, industry soon
replaced agriculture in the U.S.
The greatest challenge facing the first Washington administration was ________.
A) foreign affairs
B) waging war with Native Americans
C) setting the government’s finances in order
D) territorial expansion
E) regulating interstate trade
How did Mexican immigration in the early 1900s contribute to the change in the
Southwest?
A) These immigrants were the first to put the Mexican imprint on Southwestern culture.
B) Many of these immigrants became the unskilled workers who built the Southwest’s
irrigation, transportation and urban projects.
C) This new wave of Mexican immigrants displaced Native Americans from their lands.
D) Many of these immigrants were hired as skilled and professional workers in the
Southwest’s new cities and factories.
E) The Mexican immigrants did not stay nor did they have a lasting contribution on the
Southwest or its culture.
Wilson hurt his chances to get the Treaty of Versailles ratified _____.
A) through his failure to ask for the American people’s support
B) because he was unwilling to compromise with opponents
C) by working too closely with isolationist opponents
D) because he did not work hard enough to convince opponents
E) through his vague and hostile demands of his supporters