CHAPTER 9: THE TRIUMPH AND COLLAPSE OF JEFFERSONIAN REPUBLICANISM, 1800–1824
Multiple Choice
1. Jefferson believed that the __________ promoted aristocratic pretensions and courtly intrigue through
such practices as weekly levees, or formal receptions, for presidential guests.
A) Whigs
B) Nationalists
C) Federalists
D) Republicans
2. The cornerstone of the Republican domestic policy was __________.
A) retrenchment
B) fiscal responsibility
C) the creation of a large armed force
D) egalitarianism
3. By the time Jefferson left the presidency in 1809, __________ held nearly all the appointive offices.
A) Republicans
B) Federalists
C) Arch-Federalists
D) Whigs
4. One thing that could be said about women during Jefferson’s administration is __________.
A) they wielded no power, formal or informal
B) men took their opinions seriously and they influenced policy making
C) they wielded a good deal of informal political power
D) they became more liberated
5. Prior to the Louisiana Purchase, Thomas Jefferson __________.
A) secured approval to send Lewis and Clark on an expedition through upper Louisiana
B) withdrew all American troops from the Mississippi Valley
C) tried to slow the migration of American farmers into the Louisiana Territory
D) attempted to make an anti-British alliance with Napoleon
6. France’s inability to reconquer __________ helped convince Napoleon to sell Louisiana.
A) Saint-Dominique (Haiti)
B) Cuba
C) Puerto Rico
D) Florida
7. President Jefferson failed in his attempt to __________.
A) purchase West Florida from Spain
B) always be a loose constructionist
C) be reelected in 1804
D) have explorers travel into western lands
8. Which of the following is true about the Louisiana Purchase?
A) It was supported by most Federalist legislators.
B) It revealed President Jefferson’s aggressive style in supporting national interests.
C) It tripled the size of the United States.
D) It contained a great deal of America’s least productive farmland.
9. One outcome of Anglo-French peace in 1800 was __________.
A) Napoleon’s renewed interest in reviving the French empire in America
B) Britain’s permanent loss of interest in American territory
C) windfall profits for American merchants increased
D) Napoleon’s decision to abandon all French territory in the Western Hemisphere
10. Members of the Essex Junto believed that __________.
A) the federal government should do nothing about slavery
B) the Louisiana Purchase would weaken the political power of the Northeast
C) President Jefferson should have run for a third term in 1808
D) there was no real threat from the Barbary pirates
11. Aaron Burr hated Alexander Hamilton because Hamilton __________.
A) never supported the policies of Thomas Jefferson
B) doubted Burr’s character and sabotaged his political aspirations
C) was a strong supporter of slavery
D) did not serve in the military during the American Revolution
12. The Embargo Act of 1807 __________.
A) caused England and France to change their trade policies
B) represented President Jefferson’s belief in “peaceable coercion”
C) facilitated merchant trading with Europe
D) resulted in a vibrant economic boom in America
13. Relations with England worsened after President Madison __________.
A) sponsored the Embargo Act of 1807
B) issued the Orders in Council declaration
C) accepted a trade agreement with Napoleon
D) was replaced by James Monroe
14. How did Congress respond to pressure to reopen all trade routes?
A) Congress listed a number of tariffs on manufacturing.
B) Congress brokered trade deals with France and England.
C) Congress replaced Macon’s Bill No. 2 with the Nonintercourse Act.
D) Congress replaced the Nonintercourse Act with Macon’s Bill No. 2.
15. The pan-Indian resistance movement focused its efforts on __________.
A) promoting the peaceful westward migration of white settlers
B) bargaining to get constitutional rights for Indians
C) uniting Indian opposition to white settlement in the West
D) drawing Indians into the capitalist economy
16. The Treaty of Vincennes added which territory to the United States?
A) Southeastern Florida
B) Western Pennsylvania
C) North Great Lakes region
D) Southern Indiana
17. Tecumseh and the prophet Tenkswatawa originally urged a policy of __________.
A) military alliance with Great Britain
B) racial solidarity and spiritual rebirth
C) violent raids on small western communities
D) submission to whites’ claims on Indian lands
18. Despite the Treaty of Greenville, government officials continued to __________.
A) help Native Americans with food and supplies
B) play one tribe against another
C) carry out unprovoked attacks on Native Americans
D) antagonize Native American chiefs
19. A result of the Battle of Tippecanoe was __________.
A) American military withdrawal from Indiana
B) an extended period of military success for the Indians
C) Tecumseh’s alliance with Great Britain
D) an apology issued by President Madison to the Indians
20. Which of the following was one of the factors that led to the War of 1812?
A) hatred of Native Americans
B) isolationist pressures
C) agricultural boom
D) support for the administration’s policy of economic coercion
21. Why did northern Republicans support the War of 1812?
A) They believed the English were trying to recolonize America.
B) They saw it as a defense of the American experiment in self-government.
C) They felt that Native Americans would become increasingly agressive if they did not go to war.
D) They wanted to support the president that they helped elect.
22. Support for the War of 1812 was strongest in __________.
A) New England
B) the Federalist Party
C) areas unaffected by the depression
D) the South and the West
23. Which group strongly supported the American cause in the War of 1812?
A) Congregationalists
B) Federalists
C) Methodists
D) Canadians
24. During the War of 1812, most Canadians __________.
A) fought with Americans
B) remained neutral
C) fled the country
D) fought against the Americans
25. One of the difficulties of the War of 1812 was that American forces lacked sufficient __________.
A) support
B) soldiers
C) guns
D) ships
26. The Battle of Put-in-Bay __________.
A) resulted in the resignation of William Henry Harrison
B) opened the door for an American offensive in the West
C) showed the superiority of the British navy
D) was the last battle in the War of 1812
27. Why was the Battle of Plattsburgh significant?
A) It was a major British victory.
B) It was the first conflict of the War of 1812.
C) It was the last battle of the War of 1812.
D) It represented the tide turning in favor of the American forces.
28. What historical event was a deathblow to Federalism?
A) the Battle of Plattsburgh
B) the Treaty of Ghent
C) the Battle of New Orleans
D) the Battle of Horseshoe Bend
29. The American victory at New Orleans gained great national fame for __________.
A) John Quincy Adams
B) Edwin Pakenham
C) Thomas MacDonough
D) Andrew Jackson
30. In the War of 1812, Andrew Jackson also defeated __________.
A) British forces near Detroit
B) the Creek Indians in the old Southwest
C) Britain’s Mexican allies
D) the British navy at Put-in-Bay
31. Newspaper reporters used the term “era of good feelings” to describe the presidency of __________.
A) Thomas Jefferson
B) James Monroe
C) John Quincy Adams
D) John Adams
32. The Second Bank of the United States __________.
A) was opposed by most Republicans
B) was created, in part, because of the financial chaos prevalent during the War of 1812
C) was designed to increase the influence of state banks
D) was one of the country’s smaller banks
33. During the end of James Madison’s presidency, the Republican Party __________.
A) began to embrace economic nationalism
B) opposed tariffs as destructive to agrarian interests
C) led the fight to stop the Second Bank of the United States
D) stuck to all agrarian tenets of Jeffersonian republicanism
34. As Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, John Marshall __________.
A) made decisions that reflected his Jeffersonian republicanism
B) was a consistent supporter of states’ rights
C) felt property rights should not be empowered
D) made decisions that reflected his nationalist convictions
35. The Supreme Court’s decision in McCulloch v. Maryland __________.
A) strengthened national power over the states
B) allowed slavery to exist in all states
C) made it impossible to renew the charter of the Bank of the United States
D) ruled that the government had no right to establish trade policies
36. Which of the following was a defining part of Marshall’s jurisprudence?
A) the right of states to interpret constitutional questions
B) the fluidity of contracts
C) the primacy of the Supreme Court in matters of constitutional interpretation
D) the centrality of interstate commerce
37. A result of Dartmouth College v. Woodward was __________.
A) more protections for private corporations
B) a reduction in the powers of the Supreme Court
C) constitutional backing for opponents of the Bank of the United States
D) further segregation in public universities
38. The Rush-Bagot Agreement __________.
A) opened navigation of the Mississippi River to the United States and France
B) helped to destroy the last vestiges of the Republican Party
C) removed the Creek Indians from their ancestral homeland
D) signaled a new era of cooperation between the United States and England
39. What tribe did Andrew Jackson and his troops attack in Florida?
A) Iroquois
B) Creeks
C) Seminoles
D) Sioux
40. The Monroe Doctrine was proclaimed in response to revolutions in __________.
A) Latin America
B) the Caribbean
C) the Middle East
D) southern Europe
41. In the Trans-Continental Treaty, the United States gained a huge amount of territory in __________.
A) the Rocky Mountains
B) the Mississippi Valley
C) Indiana
D) Florida
42. The Anglo-American Accords __________.
A) provided for American fishing rights off of Rhode Island
B) set the southern boundary of the Louisiana Territory
C) created provisions for the joint occupation of Oregon
D) extended the boundary of Maine further north
43. The Monroe Doctrine proclaimed the __________.
A) United States would not act as the guardian of liberty in the New World
B) establishment of American autonomy in foreign relations
C) active American presence in republican revolutions across the globe
D) assertion that America would continue to interfere in European internal affairs
44. The Panic of 1819 was initiated by __________.
A) President Monroe’s misguided economic policies
B) a fall in cotton prices after a period of prosperity
C) a reduction in debts owed by western farmers
D) the absence of the Bank of the United States
45. The Missouri Compromise attempted to __________.
A) ease sectional differences regarding protective tariffs
B) bar free blacks from entering Missouri
C) calm growing differences over the issue of slavery
D) strengthen the Bank of the United States
46. The main architect of the Missouri Compromise was __________.
A) Henry Clay
B) Daniel Webster
C) William Crawford
D) Thomas Jefferson
47. What created an explosive demand for slave-produced cotton in the early nineteenth century?
A) northern manufacturing
B) the invention of the cotton gin
C) Canadian industry
D) the English textile industry
48. One of the effects of the Missouri Compromise was that __________.
A) the Louisiana Purchase was mostly closed to slavery in the future
B) any newly aquired lands west of the Louisiana Purchase could not have slaves
C) existing slavery in the West was allowed, but no new slaves could be brought west
D) Native Americans were granted a permanent home in lands within the Louisiana Purchase
49. Henry Clay’s American System included __________.
A) locally funded internal improvements
B) opposition to the national bank
C) wider use of protective tariffs
D) decreased use of federal subsidies
50. Many people called the election of 1824 “the corrupt bargain” because __________.
A) they felt Henry Clay unduly used his influence to determine the stalemated outcome
B) supporters of a strong central government had no voice in the outcome
C) popular votes were never counted by election officials
D) sectional concerns were not considered suitable for public debate
Essay Questions
51. How successful was Thomas Jefferson in living up to his republican ideals during his two terms as
president?
52. What evidence reveals that sectional differences regarding the economy and allocation of political
power were growing in the period of 1809–1824?
53. What were the main causes and consequences of the War of 1812?