CHAPTER 4: ENGLISH COLONIES IN AN AGE OF EMPIRE, 1660s–1763
Multiple Choice
1. In the 1700s, the most advanced economic power in Europe was __________.
A) England
B) France
C) Spain
D) Holland
2. England’s economic system between 1651 and 1733 could best be described as __________.
A) feudal
B) mercantilist
C) socialist
D) physiocratic
3. The Navigation Act of 1651 required that all __________.
A) trade carried out in the English empire had to be conducted in English ships
B) maps be taxed at a high rate
C) explorers register their voyages with Parliament
D) colonial vessels sail under the English flag
4. Which of the following was an enumerated product?
A) indigo
B) silk
C) tea
D) fish
5. Which of the following motivated British imperial trade regulations?
A) British colonists’ refusal to export staple crops to Britain
B) the desire to end French domination of overseas trade
C) the goal of achieving a favorable balance of trade across the Empire
D) the need to export English manufactured goods to continental Europe for sale
6. Which of the following required products from Europe and Asia to be landed in England before being
shipped to the colonies?
A) the Navigation Act
B) the Export Act
C) the Staple Act
D) the Woolen Act
7. In the eighteenth century, nearly __________ percent of colonial tobacco was re-exported to
continental Europe.
A) 30
B) 50
C) 70
D) 90
8. Merchants brought sugar byproducts back to New England to be distilled into __________.
A) schnapps
B) vodka
C) gin
D) rum
9. Most manufactured goods consumed by colonists were produced in __________.
A) England
B) New England
C) the West Indies
D) Continental Europe
10. Indians in the colonies were __________ purchasers of imported English goods.
A) consistent
B) discerning
C) unwilling
D) inconsistent
11. Once an apprentice completed his training, he became a __________.
A) senior apprentice
B) journeyman
C) master
D) unionist
12. During the eighteenth century, the gap between the rich and poor in the colonies __________.
A) narrowed
B) widened, then narrowed
C) widened
D) remained constant
13. Which of the following was instituted to address poverty among white colonists?
A) workhouses
B) slave labor
C) tenant farming
D) factory towns
14. Which of the following had the greatest impact on the worldview of most eighteenth-century
colonists?
A) scientific developments
B) religion
C) the philosophy of the Enlightenment
D) British politics
15. Courtesy books __________.
A) contained the rules of polite behavior
B) were used as advertisements for merchants who sold wares to the colonial elite
C) were left as “calling cards” by wealthy colonial women when they went visiting
D) listed families with high social status
16. Of the following, the man who made the greatest scientific contributions was __________.
A) Cotton Mather
B) William Byrd
C) John Locke
D) Benjamin Franklin
17. Most Congregationalist ministers were trained at __________.
A) The University of Pennsylvania
B) The College of William and Mary
C) Princeton University
D) Harvard University
18. Which of the following was a sign of wealth and gentility in the colonies during the eighteenth
century?
A) membership in the Presbyterian Church
B) tea parties
C) glass windows
D) the ability to read
19. Literacy rates among eighteenth-century colonists were __________.
A) high relative to the rest of the world
B) low relative to the rest of the world
C) lower than those witnessed during the seventeenth century
D) declining among women
20. Thinkers during the Age of Enlightenment stressed __________.
A) religious revelation
B) the power of human reason
C) faith in God
D) the limits of human reason
21. Colonists who could read were most likely to read __________.
A) philosophical treatises
B) English magazines
C) courtesy books
D) the Bible
22. The Halfway Covenant allowed whom to be baptized?
A) Indians
B) the children of those who had been baptized but had not experienced conversion
C) the children of those who had never been baptized themselves
D) Catholics
23. A 1691 royal charter granted “liberty of conscience” to __________.
A) all Christians
B) people of all faiths
C) all Protestants
D) Anglicans
24. George Whitefield belonged to the clergy of which religion?
A) the Anglican religion
B) the Puritan religion
C) the Quaker religion
D) the Catholic religion
25. Those converted in religious revivals were called __________.
A) Newcomers
B) New Lights
C) Old Lights
D) Heretics
26. What was the name of the body formed in 1675 to oversee colonial affairs?
A) Colonial Council
B) Colonial Trade Organization
C) Lords of America
D) Lords of Trade
27. Maine was originally part of which colony?
A) New Hampshire
B) Connecticut
C) Massachusetts
D) Vermont
28. William of Orange took over the throne of England after the __________.
A) Glorious Revolution
B) Great Revolution
C) Bloodless Revolution
D) Battle of Hastings
29. Who did King James put into power to govern the Dominion of New England?
A) William of Orange
B) Edmund Andros
C) Mary, his daughter
D) Jacob Leisler
30. When James II fled England for France, many citizens felt relieved that __________.
A) the French did not send him back
B) he did not take the country’s wealth with him
C) the country would not continue in a Catholic line of succession
D) there was only bloodshed along the coast
31. The Bill of Rights passed by the British Parliament in 1689 declared that __________.
A) future monarchs were to be bound by the rule of law
B) colonists had the same rights as those living in England
C) all subjects retained the freedom of religion
D) those living in England had greater political freedom than their colonial counterparts
32. Governors exercised __________ power over colonial assemblies than the King did over Parliament.
A) less
B) more
C) a similar amount of
D) less direct
33. Americans rejected English political customs by opting for __________ representation.
A) actual
B) virtual
C) intermittent
D) symbolic
34. Which of the following best describes American society during the eighteenth century?
A) American society was entirely unique and bore no resemblance to British society.
B) American society was identical to British society.
C) American society closely resembled British society, but had critical differences.
D) American society closely resembled European, as opposed to British, society.
35. During the first half of the eighteenth century, England’s holdings in America __________.
A) grew
B) shrank
C) remained constant
D) disappeared
36. Between 1730 and 1770, the region known as the __________ was settled primarly by German,
Scots-Irish, and English settlers.
A) lowcountry
B) western settlement
C) backcountry
D) frontier
37. How was the French attitude toward Native Americans different from the American attitude when it
came to expansion?
A) The French sought to form Indian alliances.
B) The French did not engage the Indians at all.
C) The French simply shot all Indians on sight.
D) The French worked with the Indians to create communities with both French and Indian cultures.
38. In the early eighteenth century, which nation controlled California and Texas?
A) French
B) Spanish
C) English
D) Portuguese
39. The chapel San Antonio de Valero later came to be known as __________.
A) the Alamo
B) San Francisco
C) the Presidio
D) San Diego
40. The influence and power of the __________ empire declined substantially during the eighteenth
century.
A) French
B) English
C) Spanish
D) Italian
41. Why did the Spanish move into Texas and California?
A) to create a buffer zone around their existing colonies
B) to increase their resistance to Indian expansionists
C) in response to an invitation from Indians to improve their agriculture
D) to escape disease in their existing colonies
42. Which of the following countries relied on Native American allies to secure their claims to North
American territory?
A) France
B) England
C) Spain
D) Portugal
43. In the Grand Settlement of 1701, the Iroquois pledged neutrality with respect to England and
__________.
A) Holland
B) France
C) Spain
D) Portugal
44. As English wartime debt increased, __________.
A) trade increased
B) trade decreased
C) taxes decreased
D) taxes increased
45. A funded debt is a debt __________.
A) whose entire principal is repaid with interest
B) where only principal is repaid
C) whose interest only is paid
D) assumed by a third party
46. Which of the following was a benefit of Iroquois neutrality for Europeans?
A) cheaper trade
B) land sales
C) free weapons
D) agricultural technology
47. King George’s War was known in Europe as __________.
A) the War of the Austrian Succession
B) the Seven Years’ War
C) the War of the Spanish Succession
D) King William’s War
48. What was the immediate cause of King George’s War?
A) British attacks on Spanish colonies
B) Spanish efforts to undermine the British with local Indians
C) British attempts to poach Spanish trade in the Caribbean
D) Spanish attacks on British colonies
49. Which British Secretary of State directed the country’s war effort from 1757 to 1761?
A) Braddock
B) Townshend
C) Pitt
D) Worthington
50. How did the British respond to Braddock’s defeat at Fort Duquesne?
A) They surrendered, ending the French and Indian War.
B) They attacked French settlements in Canada.
C) They paid the Iroquois to attack the French.
D) They installed a new commander and sent more troops.
Essay Questions
51. Analyze the role British styles and culture played for colonial elites and commoners.
52. Analyze why the colonists rejected the Albany Plan of Union.
53. Analyze the effects of the mercantilist economic system. Who benefited, who was hurt, and why?