CHAPTER 3: A MEETING OF CULTURES
Multiple Choice
1. By 1750, which group dominated much of North America?
A) European colonists
B) African slaves
C) Native Americans
D) Russian fur traders
2. Which European settlers sought the greatest amount of direct control over Indian laborers?
A) French
B) Spanish
C) Russians
D) English
3. One of the Spaniards’ most important methods of labor control was the __________.
A) encomienda
B) repartimiento
C) recate
D) conquistador
4. Settlers from which European country frequently imposed a mandatory draft of Indian labor for public
projects?
A) France
B) Spain
C) England
D) Netherlands
5. Which European group was the most successful in adapting to the Native American understanding of
trade?
A) the French
B) the English
C) the Spanish
D) the Italians
6. During the Beaver Wars, the Dutch supplied the __________ with guns.
A) British
B) Iroquois
C) Hurons
D) Algonquians
7. Indians often demanded which of the following before they would trade with European settlers?
A) money
B) medicine
C) military aid
D) tobacco
8. The French generally utilized what to control Indian laborers?
A) economic pressure
B) military power
C) religious coercion
D) physical discipline
9. Property rights among the Indians were held __________.
A) collectively
B) by the chief only
C) privately by individuals
D) by oral agreement
10. Which of the following caused increased hostilities between Indian tribes in North America?
A) competition for European trade relationships
B) the religious conversion of many Indians
C) loss of land to European settlers
D) acquisition of European weaponry
11. Disputes between Europeans and Indians frequently arose from misunderstandings about
__________.
A) culture and ethics
B) religion
C) definition of land ownership and property rights
D) distribution of food
12. Spain’s religious missionaries to America represented which religion?
A) Catholicism
B) Protestantism
C) Quakerism
D) Lutheranism
13. Franciscan missionaries insisted that Indian converts __________.
A) live as brothers
B) go to church every Sunday
C) abandon their former ways of life and adopt everything from Spanish culture and life
D) go to confession regularly
14. Which of the following countries successfully used missionaries to increase their influence in the New
World?
A) Ireland
B) the Netherlands
C) France
D) Italy
15. Where did King Philip’s War take place?
A) New England
B) Carolina
C) Pennsylvania
D) Virginia
16. Where did Bacon’s Rebellion occur?
A) New England
B) Pennsylvania
C) Carolina
D) Virginia
17. Popé was a leader within which Indian tribe?
A) Apaches
B) Navajos
C) Sioux
D) Pueblos
18. Which group suffered the greatest losses in the Beaver Wars of the 1680s?
A) French
B) Iroquois
C) English
D) Seneca
19. Slavery was first abolished in __________.
A) southern Europe
B) northern Europe
C) the Middle East
D) the British mainland colonies
20. The last country in the New World to abolish slavery was __________.
A) the United States
B) Canada
C) Brazil
D) Peru
21. The Arabic word for slave, abd, became synonymous with __________.
A) black man
B) infidel
C) non-Muslim
D) African
22. Arab slave traders frequently sought slaves in __________.
A) West Africa
B) Sub-Saharan Africa
C) North Africa
D) the Caribbean
23. Labor costs in America were __________.
A) about the same as in Europe
B) lower than in Europe
C) higher than in Europe
D) raised due to the supply of slaves
24. Why were African slaves preferred over Indian slaves in the English colonies?
A) African slaves were not as susceptible to European diseases.
B) Indian slaves could more readily escape.
C) Indian slaves were more prone to rebellion.
D) African slaves could speak European languages.
25. Which of the following contributed to the sharp rise in the number of African slaves transported to
North America?
A) an abundance of cheap land
B) lack of governmental oversight over the slave trade
C) Indian slave rebellion
D) disease among European settlers
26. Slaves who could not escape while still in Africa suffered through a lengthy voyage called the
__________.
A) Middle Passage
B) Long Journey
C) Transatlantic Journey
D) Arduous Passage
27. Georgia was founded as a refuge for __________.
A) Christians
B) runaway slaves
C) English debtors
D) newly-free indentured servants
28. The first generation of slaves in America is referred to as __________.
A) the charter generation
B) slave forefathers
C) the genesis generation
D) the lost generation
29. Which of the following used family farms as the predominant labor system?
A) Rhode Island
B) Pennsylvania
C) Delaware
D) Virginia
30. Which slave population lived longer than African immigrants?
A) the Creole slave population
B) the charter slave population
C) the female slave population
D) the Seneca slave population
31. In North America, slaves often __________.
A) sought to forge community ties and preserve elements of their African heritage
B) eschewed everything that reminded them of Africa
C) converted to Christianity in large numbers
D) converted to Islam
32. What was the rarest form of slave resistance?
A) organized rebellion
B) suicide
C) running away
D) murder of the slave master
33. Which of the following was the largest slave uprising in the eighteenth century?
A) Stono Rebellion
B) Yoruba Rebellion
C) Nat Turner’s Rebellion
D) Shays’s Rebellion
34. Who did slave owners use to capture slaves during rebellions?
A) slaves
B) Indians
C) children
D) wage laborers
35. Family ties for slaves made life more tolerable, but hindered __________.
A) escape plans
B) the work structure
C) relationships with masters
D) education
36. Who could typically be found in a “maroon settlement”?
A) British indentured servants
B) Indians
C) creole slaves
D) runaway slaves
37. Which of the following was a southern response to African slave rebellion?
A) more humane treatment of slaves
B) greater governmental supervision of the slave trade
C) encouragement of more white immigration
D) increased Indian slave trade
38. In 1750, indentured servitude was most common in __________.
A) New England
B) Virginia
C) the Chesapeake region
D) Georgia
39. Chesapeake planters often relied upon __________ as another source of unfree laborers.
A) English convicts
B) Irish convicts
C) children
D) unwed mothers
40. Which group used the redemptioner system most often?
A) the English
B) the Irish
C) the Germans
D) American-born slaves
41. Merchants often paid fishermen in New England on a __________ system.
A) wage
B) credit
C) contract
D) fixed schedule
42. Approximately __________ of victims of modern-day slavery are female.
A) one-half
B) one-third
C) one-quarter
D) one-sixth
43. Northern farmers primarily relied upon __________ for labor.
A) slaves
B) indentured servants
C) hired hands
D) their children
44. Which of the following systems required payment after passage to the New World?
A) indenture
B) pensioner
C) redemptioner
D) laborer
45. Colonists who owned undeveloped land often became __________ to generate income.
A) landlords
B) slave owners
C) tenant farmers
D) plantation owners
46. Which of the following best describes most colonial laborers?
A) free
B) oppressed
C) prosperous
D) enslaved
47. Emigrants flowed to places where __________.
A) there were many slaves
B) land was cheap and labor most in demand
C) there were similar kinds of people
D) the best land was
48. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, nearly __________ Scots-Irish people emigrated to
the American colonies.
A) 25,000
B) 250,000
C) 450,000
D) 1,000,000
49. Which of the following groups emigrated to the Americas after their religion was outlawed in their
homeland?
A) Austrian Jews
B) French Huguenots
C) Italian Protestants
D) German Catholics
50. Why did few people immigrate to New England in the late eighteenth century?
A) Early settlers had already taken the best land.
B) The weather was too cold for the immigrants.
C) The government forbid immigration to those areas in high numbers.
D) New immigrants brought a religion that was different from that of the settlers of New England.
Essay Questions
51. Analyze the different attempts at conversion made by Protestants and Catholics in the New World.
Which group was more successful and why?
52. Analyze the evolution of the black family unit in America.
53. In what ways did geography and economics affect each colonial region’s choice of labor supply?
54. Was indentured servitude beneficial to those who entered into that servitude?