b. to be unquestioned.
c. so absolute that a husband could order the murder of his wife.
d. not supposed to resemble God’s authority in any way, because that would be blasphemous.
e. limited only by the number of children—the more, the better.
72. In Puritan marriages
a. reciprocal affection and companionship were the ideal.
b. divorce was not allowed.
c. husbands could beat their wives without interference from the authorities.
d. wives were banned from attending church services.
e. women could speak only when spoken to.
73. In early seventeenth-century Massachusetts, freeman status was granted to adult males who
a. owned land, regardless of their church membership.
b. had served their term as indentured servants.
c. were freed slaves.
d. were landowning church members.
e. raised cash crops for the colony.
74. The Massachusetts General Court
a. reflected the Puritans’ desire to govern the colony without outside interference.
b. was selected exclusively by the king.
c. was selected exclusively by the governor.
d. ruled the colony from its beginnings in 1630.
e. by law had to consist of a majority of Puritan judges.
75. Which of the following was highly valued by Puritan societies?
a. undisciplined “natural” liberty
b. literacy in order to read the Bible
c. charity to help the poor
d. individual self-expression
e. ornate decorations
76. In what way was Puritan church membership a restrictive status?
a. Only those who could prove they had received formal education could be members, because the ability to
read and discuss sermons was so highly valued.
b. Although all adult male property owners elected colonial officials, only men who were full church members
could vote in local elections.
c. Only property owners could be full members of the church.
d. Full membership required demonstrating that one had experienced divine grace.
e. Full membership required that one’s parents and grandparents had been church members.
77. How did most Puritans view the separation of church and state?
a. They were so determined to keep them apart that they banned ministers from holding office, fearing that
they would enact pro-religious legislation.
b. They allowed church and state to be interconnected by requiring each town to establish a church and levy a
tax to support the minister.
c. The Massachusetts Bay Colony endorsed the Puritan faith but allowed anyone the freedom to practice or not
practice religion.
d. They had never heard of the concept before local native leaders introduced them to the practice.
e. They invented and successfully enacted the concept, but their efforts ultimately fell apart when
Parliament refused to send them written permission.
78. Puritans viewed individual freedom and personal freedom as
a. good because Massachusetts Bay leaders welcomed debate over religion.
b. dangerous to social harmony and community stability.
c. integral to leading a religious lifestyle, as they played a prominent role in the Bible.
d. vital because they had been discouraged from enjoying these back in England.
e. detrimental to the individual but ultimately a positive development for the community.
79. Which of the following did the Puritan settlers of seventeenth-century New England value most highly?
a. freedom of speech
b. privacy within the family home
c. individual expression
d. religious toleration
e. social unity
80. Roger Williams argued that
a. church and state must be totally separated.
b. Puritans must stay in the Church of England and reform it.
c. religious wars were necessary to protect not only religion, but also freedom.
d. Puritans were on a divine mission to spread the true faith.
e. only John Winthrop was capable of explaining the word of God.
81. Why did Roger Williams found Rhode Island?
a. to establish a Catholic colony
b. to establish a Jewish colony
c. to establish a haven for religious dissenters
d. to establish a Native American colony
e. to compete with Connecticut for access to the British export trade
82. When Roger Williams established the colony of Rhode Island
a. he required voters there to be members of a Puritan church.
b. the king refused to give it a charter, and it remained a renegade colony until Williams died.
c. he made sure that it was more democratic than Massachusetts Bay.
d. he felt that too much democracy would be bad because it might interfere with religious freedom.
e. the colony became a haven for Protestants of all kinds, but it banned Jews.
83. The minister Thomas Hooker
a. wanted the separation of church and state in Rhode Island.
b. was the first governor of Massachusetts.
c. agreed with Anne Hutchinson’s challenges to the Puritan church elders.
d. pointed the way to the rock on shore that Plymouth Colony was founded on.
e. expanded the number of men who could vote in Hartford.
84. What did Anne Hutchinson’s critics accuse her of?
a. Antinomianism: she put her own judgement above human law and the teachings of the church.
b. Catholicism: she named the pope as the head of the church.
c. Judaism: she renounced Jesus Christ.
d. Fraud: she stole money from the offering trays.
e. Indecency: she wore revealing clothing.
85. Which of the following statements accurately describes Anne Hutchinson?
a. She was banished after being accused of witchcraft by her neighbors.
b. As an unmarried woman, she lived on the edges of Puritan society.
c. She fled Massachusetts rather than face trial for sedition.
d. She spoke openly of receiving divine revelations directly from God.
e. She founded the colony of Rhode Island.
86. Anne Hutchinson’s trial demonstrated that
a. she was unable to speak in front of a large group of people.
b. she had secretly converted to Catholicism.
c. she had been influenced by Native American religion.
d. women in Puritan communities were considered equal to their husbands.
e. colony leaders and church elders considered her a threat to their authority.
87. What perceptions of Indian society encouraged the publication of captivity narratives and why?
a. English leaders feared that the abundance of gold in Indian societies would make Native American societies far
too rich to become the captives of settlers.
b. English leaders believed that the lack of desirable qualities in Indian societies would forever guarantee that
only Indians could become captives of the English, not vice versa.
c. English leaders questioned the tendency of Indians to treat enslaved African Americans poorly and, thus,
outlawed any form of servitude or captivity in their own societies.
d. English leaders believed that the religious views of the Indians were essentially the same as those of English
settlers and would help fuel the creation of shared religious writings.
e. English leaders feared that the life of freedom enjoyed by Indians would tempt English settlers to join Indian
societies and, thus, required a deterrent.
88. For most New Englanders, Indians represented
a. savagery.
b. teachers.
c. curiosities.
d. sources of culture.
e. survival.
89. What did Mary Rowlandson’s book demonstrate?
a. The brutality of New England Indians.
b. The strong pull of being part of the Puritan society.
c. The importance of questioning the church elders.
d. The significance of the separation of church and state.
e. The appeal of joining an Indian community.
90. Who spoke in Anne Hutchinson’s defense during her 1637 trial?
a. court-appointed lawyer
b. Roger Williams
c. John Winthrop
d. her husband
e. Anne Hutchinson herself
91. Which of the following claims did Anne Hutchinson make during her 1637 trial?
a. The Bible was to be understood metaphorically only.
b. The Massachusetts Bay Colony was becoming too materialistic.
c. Women had no right to speak in public regarding religious matters.
d. Religious freedom should be extended to Jews and Native Americans.
e. God spoke to her directly, much as God had spoken to Abraham.
92. Which of the following is an example of what John Winthrop calls civil, federal, or moral liberty in his 1645
Speech to the Massachusetts General Court?
a. a wife’s obedience to her husband as a form of honor
b. an animal caring for its young
c. a man’s ability to give in to animalistic impulses
d. a group of people forming a dissenting church
e. a person crying out ecstatically during a church service
93. What does John Winthrop say about civil or federal liberty in his 1645 Speech to the Massachusetts General
Court?
a. It is maintained through proper subjection to authority.
b. It is the enemy of truth and peace.
c. It is completely unavailable to women.
d. It relies exclusively on an individual’s understanding of right and wrong.
e. It defies man’s proper relationship to God.
94. Which of the following statements accurately describes the Pequot War of 1637?
a. The Pequots were forced to pay reparations for the damage they caused New England settlers.
b. The Narragansetts joined the Pequots to fight the Puritans.
c. The Pequots won and relocated to what would became New York State.
d. The colonists’ victory resulted in the effective destruction of the Pequot tribe.
e. The Pequots temporarily drove the Massachusetts Bay settlers into Plymouth Colony.
95. In the seventeenth century, New England’s economy
a. grew at a very slow rate because few settlers moved to the region.
b. suffered because most early settlers were poor and could not gain access to land.
c. centered on family farms and also involved the export of fish and timber.
d. boasted a significant manufacturing component that employed close to one-third of all men.
e. relied heavily on indentured servants in the labor force.
96. Compared to the Chesapeake colonies, New England had more economic equality because it had more
a. cash crops.
b. timber.
c. landowners.
d. slaves.
e. religious toleration.
97. Boston merchants
a. challenged the subordination of economic activity to Puritan control.
b. refused to trade with anyone outside the Puritan faith.
c. paid for Anne Hutchinson’s prosecution.
d. had enjoyed widespread freedom to trade since the establishment of the colony.
e. believed the General Court should regulate all economic activity.
98. As the sixteenth century progressed in New England, the growing commerce
a. brought religious and economic values into conflict.
b. increased church attendance.
c. led to better relations between the English and the Native Americans.
d. made the church elders the wealthiest people in society.
e. resulted in new cash crops.
99. The Half-Way Covenant of 1662 addressed
a. separation of church and state.
b. freedom of religion.
c. Native American relations.
d. generational church membership.
e. business relations.
100. The Half-Way Covenant of 1662 allowed for
a. English peasants to regain half of their communal lands lost during the enclosure movement.
b. partial membership in Puritan churches based on ancestry.
c. indentured servants to pay their masters to cut their term of service in half.
d. wives to share half the family property.
e. Native Americans to regain half of their lands lost to English settlers.
101. The Half-Way Covenant of 1662
a. set up civil government in Massachusetts.
b. allowed Baptists and Quakers to attend, but not join, Puritan churches.
c. gave women limited voting rights in Puritan congregations.
d. permitted anyone who paid a tithe to be baptized in a Puritan church.
e. did not require evidence of conversion to grant a kind of church membership.
102. The Magna Carta
a. was an agreement between King Henry VIII and the Anglican Church.
b. guaranteed religious freedom in Great Britain.
c. granted many liberties, but mainly to lords and barons.
d. was seen as embodying English freedom until Parliament repealed it in 1722.
e. was, like the English Constitution, unwritten.
103. A central element in the definition of English liberty was
a. the right to a trial by jury.
b. the right to self-incrimination.
c. that each English citizen owned a copy of the English Constitution.
d. freedom of expression.
e. the idea that the king was above the rule of law.
104. What was one of the elements of “English liberty” that came to be embodied in English common law in the
wake of the 1215 Magna Carta?
a. the right to speak out against the Crown
b. the right of all peoples to self-determination and freedom from colonial control
c. the right of habeas corpus
d. the right to pursue justice without waiting for permission from an authority figure
e. the right to pay a fee to avoid imprisonment
105. How did the meaning of the Magna Carta change with time?
a. It began as a religious document but soon gained a secular understanding.
b. It grew more and more at odds with the idea of “English liberty.”
c. As serfdom disappeared, its rights applied to a greater percentage of the population.
d. After the English Civil War, its ideas were completely rejected.
e. Following the Protestant Reformation, it specified the right to religious freedom.
106. At the heart of the English Civil War was
a. which family would rule the English throne.
b. whether Puritans should separate from the Church of England.
c. who should control the colonies in the New World.
d. whether England should be an ally of Spain.
e. a question of sovereignty between Parliament and the king.
107. Which of the following statements accurately describes the English understanding during the seventeenth
century of the concept of freedom?
a. It was understood purely in religious terms, referring to freedom from Catholic interference.
b. It was a political term referring strictly to who should have the right to vote.
c. It remained a vital and much-debated concept even after Charles I was beheaded.
d. It evolved primarily as part of the first western push for women’s rights.
e. It emerged at a time when English rulers had already officially declared the country a “democracy.”
108. In the 1640s, leaders of the House of Commons
a. accused the king of imposing taxes without parliamentary consent.
b. supported efforts to move England back to Catholicism.
c. aided Charles I in overthrowing his father, James I.
d. opposed Oliver Cromwell’s “Commonwealth” government.
e. refused to allow new colonists to emigrate to America.
109. During the English political upheaval between 1640 and 1660,
a. new religious sects began demanding the end of public financing and special privileges for the Anglican
Church.
b. groups began calling for the elimination of a written English constitution on the grounds that kings merely
abused its privileges.
c. writer John Milton called for an end to freedom of speech and freedom of the press, because it caused too
much controversy.
d. the execution of King Charles II led to new debates about crime and punishment.
e. the majority of American colonists returned to England to participate in the Civil War.
110. What was one of the guiding principles of the Levellers?
a. They pushed for the common ownership of land.
b. They called for greatly expanded voting rights.
c. They opposed a written constitution on the grounds that it institutionalized social inequality.
d. They proposed to abolish Parliament entirely.
e. They sought to maintain the status quo through the establishment of social classes.
111. Religious dissension in England during the first half of the seventeenth century resulted in
a. a civil war.
b. war with Spain.
c. a papal visit to London.
d. England not focusing on the monarchy.
e. Henry VIII restoring Catholicism.
112. What was the context in which groups such as the Levellers and Diggers arose?
a. religious changes brought about by Henry VIII breaking with the Catholic Church
b. political unrest to the point of a civil war
c. economic prosperity spurred by immense colonial wealth
d. economic stability created by the enclosure movement
e. cultural changes resulting from a great influx of immigrants from Ireland
113. The English Civil War was significant in American history because
a. the debates over the meaning of freedom that emerged from the war elevated the idea of “English liberty” to
a central place in the political culture of the Anglo-American colonies.
b. Oliver Cromwell’s pro-Parliament forces rejected imperial expansion and freed Ireland and Jamaica, and
thus threatened the continued existence of the American colonies.
c. Oliver Cromwell’s government refused to trade with the colonies.
d. Oliver Cromwell’s government abolished slavery.
e. When the monarchy was restored, Charles II sought to tax the colonies to pay for the war.
114. What type of government does Henry Care describe as ideal in his text English Liberties or The Free-Born
Subject’s Inheritance?
a. democracy
b. oligarchy
c. monarchy
d. anarchy
e. tyranny
115. How does Henry Care differentiate France and England in his text English Liberties or The Free-Born
Subject’s Inheritance?
a. He describes the French people as subject to the Catholic Church, while the English are free to follow their
own consciences and forgo religion.
b. He describes the French king as having unlimited power, while the English king is said to be constrained by