b. described the Civil War as divine punishment.
c. blamed the North for the war.
d. proved to be his final speech.
e. called for black suffrage.
112. The Thirteenth Amendment
a. introduced the word “slavery” into the Constitution.
b. was ratified by the states in January 1865.
c. granted women the right to vote.
d. was opposed by the Radical Republicans.
e. abolished slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States, with no exceptions.
113. President Abraham Lincoln
a. lived to see the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution.
b. still opposed all voting rights for African-Americans at the time of his assassination.
c. was unwilling to change or expand his views on slavery and race over the course of his presidency.
d. called for, in his second inaugural address in March 1865, retribution against the South for its sins of
slavery and war.
e. suggested, in his second inaugural address in March 1865, that the whole nation was complicit in the sin of
slavery.
114. In his last speech, Lincoln said what regarding postwar policy?
a. Democracy demanded that African-Americans should play leading roles in southern politics.
b. Southern whites would never concede defeat, so Reconstruction must be mild.
c. He would defer to Radical Republicans in Congress.
d. There should be at least limited black suffrage.
e. Large southern planters should be made to pay dearly for having caused the war.
115. How was Ulysses Grant received in Europe during his tour in the 1870s?
a. He was regarded as a mediocre military leader.
b. He was praised as a “Hero of Freedom.”
c. He was heralded as greater than Lincoln.
d. He was criticized widely for his “war of attrition.”
e. He was booed by workers as a capitalist tool.
116. How did Frederick Douglass describe the abolition of slavery?
a. as the beginning of a new task for the nation
b. as the crowning achievement of his life
c. as an indication that white people were just and good-hearted
d. as confirmation that Lincoln was a savior to the nation
e. as a precursor to the establishment of separate states for freed slaves
117. Besides ending slavery, the Civil War had what result?
a. The government ignored the rights of African-Americans.
b. It increased the power of small landowning farmers and shopkeepers.
c. It shifted power from slave-owning planters to northern capitalists.
d. It greatly expanded the powers of the presidency.
e. It weakened the power of the federal government.
118. Colonel John Chivington is remembered for
a. becoming a martyr when tortured and killed by Sioux warriors.
b. leading the cavalry charge that turned back a Confederate assault at Shiloh.
c. his refusal to surrender his Confederate troops until weeks after Lee’s final surrender.
d. organizing a band of pro-Union Creek Indians who fought bravely at Vicksburg.
e. leading an attack that killed perhaps 150 Indian men, women, and children.
Matching
TEST 1
___ 1. Ulysses S. Grant
___ 2. Jefferson Davis
___ 3. Thaddeus Stevens
___ 4. George McClellan
___ 5. Robert E. Lee
___ 6. Abraham Lincoln
___ 7. Elizabeth Van Lew
___ 8. John Frémont
___ 9. Laura Towne
___ 10. William T. Sherman
___ 11. Clara Barton
___ 12. Alexander Stephens
a. 1864 Democratic presidential candidate
b. challenged Lincoln for the 1864 Republican nomination
c. vice president of the Confederacy
d. American National Red Cross
e. southern spy for the Union
f. president of the Confederacy
g. Radical Republican from Pennsylvania
h. practiced a war of attrition
i. surrendered to General Grant
j. favored a Ten-Percent Plan of Reconstruction
k. teacher on the Sea Islands
l. marched through the South
TEST 2
___ 1. Navajo’s Long Walk
___ 2. Bull Run
___ 3. Copperheads
___ 4. King Cotton diplomacy
___ 5. Antietam
___ 6. Emancipation Proclamation
___ 7. contrabands
___ 8. Appomattox
___ 9. Pickett’s Charge
___ 10. Confederate capital
___ 11. Crittenden Compromise
___ 12. “Negro paradise”
a. escaped slaves
b. deadliest day in American history
c. Richmond
d. Union commitment to not interfere with slavery
e. surrender of the Confederacy
f. relied on British support
g. Gettysburg
h. another Trail of Tears
i. freed slaves
j. spectators came to watch
k. northern opponents of the war
l. established by Grant
True/False
1. The start of the Civil War inspired patriotic feelings in both the Union and the Confederacy.
2. Medical knowledge had made great strides in the first half of the nineteenth century; thus, few soldiers died from
wounds, infections, or diseases during the Civil War.
3. A day after a battle, many Americans were able to read about it in their daily newspaper.
4. The Union naval blockade was very effective early in the war.
5. Abraham Lincoln realized that his armies had to capture the Confederate capital, Richmond, in order to win the
war.
6. Since Robert E. Lee’s army did not retreat, the North could not claim Antietam as a victory.
7. Lincoln’s primary purpose in raising troops in 1861 to put down the southern rebellion was to restore the Union.
8. In the early days of the war, northern military commanders returned fugitive slaves to their owners.
9. The Emancipation Proclamation represented a turning point in Lincoln’s own thinking.
10. Fewer than 50,000 blacks served in the Union army during the war.
11. Historians refer to the Civil War as the Second American Revolution because it resulted in the creation of a new
Bill of Rights.
12. During the Civil War, the North and the South both presented their cause as a fight for “freedom” and “liberty.”
13. Black Union soldiers captured by the Confederates faced sale into slavery or immediate execution.
14. Both the Confederacy and the Union violated their citizens’ civil liberties during the war.
15. With the Union victory at Glorieta Pass, the Confederate attempt at extending slavery west of Texas ended.
16. During the Civil War, all Navajo men were forced to fight for the Union army.
17. During the Civil War, the types of work that were considered appropriate for women expanded.
18. Lincoln raised the money to pay for the war mostly through an income tax.
19. The provision of the Union draft law allowing individuals to provide a substitute or buy their way out of the
army caused widespread indignation.
20. The New York City draft riots, begun as an attempt to resist the draft, turned into an assault on the city’s black
population.
21. “King Cotton diplomacy” was intended to promote economic self-sufficiency in the South and force England to
intervene on the side of the Confederacy.
22. Desertion was a major problem in the Union army, but occurred only occasionally in the Confederate army.
23. In a few instances, people loyal to the Union were executed as traitors in the Confederacy.
24. Remaining loyal to the Union was a dangerous stance in the Confederate South, as Georgia in 1861 passed a
law making this act punishable by death.
25. By the third year of the Civil War, the Union had achieved great victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg.
26. Major General George Pickett led a charge, aptly known as Pickett’s Charge, during the Second Battle at Bull
Run.
27. George McClellan ran for president in 1864, pledging to end the Civil War.
28. The Sea Islands Experiment demonstrated how ex-slaves could be gainfully employed, educated, and well
provided for.
29. In Lincoln’s Ten–Percent Plan, blacks played a prominent role in Reconstruction.
30. The Wade-Davis Bill was the Democrats’ proposed Reconstruction plan.
Short Answer
Identify and give the historical significance of each of the following terms, events, and people in a paragraph or
two.
Essay
1. What did the Union soldiers believe they were fighting for? What did the Confederate soldiers believe they were
fighting for?
2. What was the basic premise of the Confederate government? What advantages did the Confederacy have, and
why did its leaders think victory would be theirs?
3. Compare and contrast the leadership abilities of wartime presidents Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis. How
significant was each man’s leadership to the course of the war?
4. How did the war affect the economies of the North and of the South?
5. What strategy did General Grant ultimately adopt to achieve victory for the Union, and why did he do so?
Why was his strategy criticized?
6. Describe the changes in Lincoln’s thinking that led to the Civil War being waged as a total war.
7. Using Lincoln’s speech at the Baltimore Sanitary Fair in 1864 (excerpted in Voices of Freedom), explain how
Lincoln defined liberty. How does this speech reflect a change in his thinking from 1861? Why do you think
Lincoln had to change his thinking to achieve victory in this war?
8. Blacks eagerly signed up for service in the army and navy after the Emancipation Proclamation was issued.
Describe the life of a black soldier. How did it differ from the experiences of black sailors? Overall, how
important were black servicemen in the outcome of the war? Finally, discuss what fighting in the war meant to
these men.
9. Frederick Douglass declared, “The work does not end with the abolition of slavery, but only begins.” In a
thoughtful essay, discuss what you foresee as the work that will need to be done to secure freedom and liberty
for the ex-slaves. Is emancipation enough? Why or why not?
10. Lincoln observed in 1864 that “we all declare for liberty but in using the same word we do not all mean the same
thing.” He continued to explain what the North meant and what the South meant, and how victory meant a
national norm as defined by the North. Illustrate how liberty would come to be understood for the nation after
the Civil War and analyze whether the abolishment of slavery was enough to propel the United States to finally
exist as its founding documents suggested it should.
11. Discuss and compare the dress rehearsals for Reconstruction in South Carolina, Louisiana, and Mississippi from
a civil rights and economic perspective. Analyze Lincoln’s initial plans for restoring the Union.