72. During the Civil War, northern white women
a. staged “bread riots” in major cities to protest food shortages.
b. began obtaining jobs as government clerks.
c. were recruited to sell war bonds door–to-door.
d. were allowed to accompany their husbands into battle if they did not have children.
e. demonstrated outside the White House in favor of the Emancipation Proclamation.
73. During the Civil War, northern women
a. campaigned more vigorously for women’s suffrage than ever before.
b. found new permanent places in the fields of nursing, government, and retail sales.
c. were replaced by men in the field of nursing.
d. were not allowed to work in factories.
e. were granted the right to vote by Congress.
74. How does Thomas Drayton depict the Confederate cause in his letter of April 1861?
a. as the enactment of God’s plan for America
b. as a step toward the creation of two separate but equal nations in America
c. as a battle for the liberty of white Southerners
d. as a defensive war against Northern aggression
e. as a defense of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights
75. Which aspect of the Civil War does Thomas Drayton’s letter of April 1861 illustrate?
a. Both the North and the South believed that God was on their side.
b. The Civil War split families, with brother sometimes fighting against brother.
c. Slaves felt that the war was being fought for their freedom from the start.
d. The Confederacy held the advantage of fighting a defensive war.
e. The leadership of Robert E. Lee was an essential strength for the Confederacy.
76. The U.S. Sanitary Commission
a. was the first major organization to be run entirely by women.
b. raised money for the families of soldiers on both sides.
c. coordinated war donations on the northern home front.
d. was the nation’s first garbage-collection agency.
e. introduced the idea of germ theory to Civil War hospitals.
77. Who lobbied for the United States to endorse the First Geneva Convention of 1864?
a. Clara Barton
b. Elizabeth Van Lew
c. Zebulon Vance
d. Bret Harte
e. Harriet Beecher Stowe
78. Copperheads were
a. what Republicans called northern opponents of the war.
b. supporters of minting more copper coins to inflate the currency.
c. advocates of creating the Third Bank of the United States.
d. southern whites who opposed the Confederacy.
e. the strongest supporters of emancipation.
79. The Union draft law
a. allowed wealthy men to hire a substitute or buy their way out of military service.
b. required rich and poor alike to serve equally in the Union army.
c. was supported by Irish immigrants in New York City.
d. increased support for the war among working-class Catholics in northeastern cities.
e. resulted in Andrew Carnegie, John Rockefeller, and Jay Gould suspending their business operations in order
to fight in the Union army.
80. Which issue did Abraham Lincoln address in his 1864 address at the Baltimore Sanitary Fair?
a. the necessity of limited civil liberties during the war
b. the danger of voting against him during the middle of a war
c. the responsibility of Northerners to care for freed slaves
d. the future of the South under Reconstruction
e. the North and South’s differing understandings of the word “liberty”
81. Which quality of Abraham Lincoln’s leadership is demonstrated in his 1864 address at the Baltimore Sanitary
Fair?
a. his detailed and nuanced knowledge of the Constitution
b. his depiction of black Americans as intellectually equal to whites
c. his skill with religious language and metaphor
d. his ability to connect with people through familiar, folksy language
e. his tendency to blame slave owners for driving the nation to war
82. What was the spark for a deadly riot in New York in 1863?
a. food shortages
b. a military draft
c. peace negotiations with the South
d. Irish immigrants being asked not to serve
e. opposition to the Thirteenth Amendment
83. Which of the following is true of Jefferson Davis and his governing?
a. Although Davis had a poor prewar reputation as an orator, his speechmaking rose to new heights as the
Confederacy’s president.
b. His administration actually suffered from the Confederacy’s lack of political parties.
c. He had Lincoln’s common touch, but the lack of newspapers in the South reduced his ability to
communicate it.
d. He strongly opposed centralizing authority in the Confederacy’s Richmond government.
e. On more than one occasion, Davis, a West Point alumnus, led Confederate troops into battle.
84. “King Cotton diplomacy” led Great Britain to
a. find new supplies of cotton outside the South.
b. recognize the independence of the Confederate States of America.
c. repudiate the Emancipation Proclamation.
d. use its warships to break the Union blockade.
e. stage multiple raids from Canada into the Upper Northwest.
85. What was ironic about the Confederate government?
a. This new centralized government became stronger than the national government had been before the war.
b. The leadership found little need for slaves doing fieldwork during the war.
c. The Confederacy openly encouraged other countries to grow cotton.
d. Jefferson Davis led troops into battle.
e. The government wanted to end slavery in the Caribbean and then bring those slaves to the South.
86. Which industry declined during the Civil War?
a. iron
b. coal
c. cotton
d. boots and shoes
e. meat
87. “King Cotton diplomacy” resulted in
a. a steep increase in wartime cotton production in the Confederacy.
b. Britain supporting the Confederacy in the Civil War.
c. postwar impoverishment of cotton farmers around the world.
d. a sustained global shortage of cotton because no other nations could produce it.
e. a global increase in cotton prices for several decades.
88. Which statement is true about the Confederacy?
a. At the beginning of the war, a majority of white southerners opposed the Confederate cause.
b. As the war progressed, a significant number of yeoman families suffered financially.
c. Planters began to feel they were unfairly shouldering the financial burdens of the war.
d. The Confederate draft had no allowance for paying for a substitute.
e. The Confederacy levied heavy taxes on elite planters.
89. What caused economic problems for the Confederacy?
a. within the first year of the war, a majority of slaves refusing to do work
b. the abundance of food and cotton creating a buyer’s market
c. the issuing of paper money
d. an influx of immigrants creating high unemployment
e. heavy taxing of large plantation owners
90. How did southern women respond to food shortages during the Civil War?
a. Many abandoned their family farms and fled to the cities.
b. A small number planted, harvested, and sold their crops through all-female cooperatives.
c. They petitioned the government in large numbers for relief.
d. Some forced their slaves to steal food from army storehouses.
e. Many defected to the North where food was more plentiful.
91. Rose Greenhow
a. was president of the American National Red Cross.
b. worked as a nurse in the Union army.
c. was a Confederate spy in Washington, D.C.
d. was a Union soldier who hid her gender from the troops.
e. was a slave under the Emancipation Proclamation.
92. Which is true of slaves and the Confederate army?
a. Robert E. Lee had petitioned for slaves to serve as soldiers at the outset of the war.
b. The majority of slaves willingly fought alongside their masters.
c. The Confederate government never authorized enlisting slaves as soldiers.
d. Numerous slaves worked as laborers for the Confederate military throughout the war.
e. Most slaveholders supported their slaves serving as soldiers for the Confederacy.
93. Which of the following could explain why Robert E. Lee invaded the North in 1863?
a. He hoped to liberate Confederate soldiers in a prisoner-of-war camp in Pennsylvania.
b. He wanted to destroy northern factories that were producing weapons.
c. He wanted revenge for Stonewall Jackson’s death.
d. He hoped to destroy the railroad junction at Gettysburg.
e. He hoped to destroy the morale of the Union army.
94. Which is the largest battle ever fought on the North American continent?
a. Battle of Gettysburg
b. Battle of Antietam
c. Battle of Vicksburg
d. First Battle of Bull Run
e. Battle of Shiloh
95. In July 1863, the Union won two key victories that are often identified as turning points in the war. These
victories occurred at
a. Wilmington, North Carolina, and New Orleans, Louisiana.
b. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and Vicksburg, Mississippi.
c. Lexington, Kentucky, and Charleston, South Carolina.
d. Antietam Creek, Maryland, and Appomattox Court House, Virginia.
e. Fort Donelson, Tennessee, and Cold Harbor, Virginia.
96. Why was Vicksburg essential?
a. Capturing the city allowed the Union to control the entire Mississippi River.
b. Stonewall Jackson lost his life there.
c. It served as a gateway to the Appalachian Mountains.
d. Before the Civil War, the port in this city had shipped more cotton than any other.
e. It guarded the Gulf of Mexico.
97. In the May and June 1864 battles in Virginia (between the armies of Grant and Lee)
a. the Union army was forced to retreat down the peninsula in defeat.
b. Lee’s brutality earned him the nickname “the Butcher.”
c. the Confederates launched the heroic but unsuccessful Pickett’s Charge.
d. the Union army, despite high casualties, pressed forward in its campaign.
e. Grant’s men decisively defeated Lee’s army, which forced the evacuation of Richmond.
98. The Union’s manpower advantage over the Confederacy
a. was short-lived once the Confederacy began using slaves as soldiers.
b. proved essential for the success of Grant’s attrition strategy.
c. was rather slight.
d. although substantial, did not matter in determining the war’s outcome.
e. existed only because the Union had lower draft requirements than the Confederacy.
99. Which September 1864 event helped Lincoln win reelection as president that November?
a. Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Court House
b. the Confederate surrender of Savannah
c. Grant’s victory at Vicksburg
d. McClellan’s rout of the Confederates at Seven Pines
e. Sherman’s capture of Atlanta
100. What separated Grant from the other Union generals who commanded the Army of the Potomac?
a. Grant was the only one who went to the U.S. Military Academy.
b. The other generals were or had been slaveholders.
c. Grant was willing to wage a war of attrition.
d. The other generals had more respect and trust from Abraham Lincoln.
e. Grant was not as aggressive on the battlefield as the other commanders.
101. Which was demonstrated by the Sea Islands Experiment and other early trials with Reconstruction?
a. The primary goal of former slaves was education.
b. Most former slaves wanted to own their own land.
c. Former slaves were grateful to work under contract for pay, even if the wages were low.
d. Few former slaves chose to stay in the South.
e. Former slaves had little interest in participating in politics.
102. The “Sea Islands Experiment” refers to
a. northern reformers’ efforts to assist former slaves with the transition to freedom.
b. the Confederacy’s trial use of slaves as soldiers along the South Carolina coast.
c. a U.S. government plan to introduce advanced technology to southern farming in order to decrease the need
for slaves.
d. the unsuccessful effort of General Ulysses Grant to allow former slaves to run their own farms in
Mississippi.
e. the code name for the Confederate navy’s submarine-building program.
103. The Sea Islands Experiment
a. resulted in the federal government distributing the land on the islands among the 10,000 formerly enslaved
people who lived there.
b. was deemed a failure by 1865 because it made no provision for the education of formerly enslaved
residents.
c. was kept secret from the American public.
d. centered on formerly enslaved families working for wages on land owned by northern investors.
e. was deemed a failure by 1865 because black families’ housing and food quality had declined.
104. After the capture of Vicksburg, the Union army established a labor system in Louisiana and the Mississippi
Valley that
a. plantation owners were satisfied with, but formerly enslaved people were not.
b. formerly enslaved people were satisfied with, but plantation owners were not.
c. established the basis for economic independence for black families through landownership.
d. required emancipated slaves sign labor contracts for paid wages with white plantation owners.
e. made no provision for black workers to obtain education or protection from violence and family separation.
105. In the middle of the war, what did Lincoln hope to accomplish with his Ten-Percent Plan of Reconstruction?
a. He wanted to weaken the cause of the radical abolitionists.
b. He wanted rich slaveowners to pay 10 percent of their family wealth to the federal government in return for
amnesty.
c. He hoped 10 percent of the southern slaves would be freed automatically in all the Confederate states.
d. He sought to expand slavery in Mississippi and lessen it in Missouri.
e. He wanted to weaken the Confederacy and shorten the war.
106. Lincoln’s Ten–Percent Plan of Reconstruction
a. guaranteed that blacks would hold at least 10 percent of the seats in Congress.
b. offered amnesty and full restoration of property rights (except property in slaves) to white southerners who
took an oath of loyalty to the Union and supported emancipation.
c. was supported by most free blacks in New Orleans.
d. was supported by most Radical Republicans.
e. guaranteed that black southerners would have a role in shaping the post-slavery order.
107. The Wade-Davis Bill in 1864
a. received strong support from congressional Democrats but not from Republicans.
b. called for at least two–thirds of a southern state’s voters to take a loyalty oath.
c. showed Radical Republicans’ frustration with Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan.
d. was the model for Lincoln’s later Ten-Percent Plan.
e. failed to receive sufficient votes in the Senate and therefore died.
108. The Wade-Davis Bill
a. called for implementing Lincoln’s Ten-Percent Plan.
b. would establish the right to vote for black men.
c. would guarantee equality before the law for African-Americans.
d. was supported by Lincoln.
e. became law in 1863.
109. General Sherman marched from Atlanta to the sea in order to
a. link up with Grant’s army.
b. engage Lee in battle.
c. demoralize the South’s civilian population.
d. secure Richmond for the Union.
e. free Union prisoners at Andersonville.
110. The Thirteenth Amendment
a. abolished slavery throughout the United States.
b. was strongly supported by Democrats in 1864.
c. set up a gradual plan of emancipation.
d. defined U.S. citizenship to include African-Americans.
e. specifically gave black men the right to vote.
111. Lincoln’s second inaugural address
a. blamed the South for the war.