72. Irish immigrant men in the 1850s
a. were not legally white.
b. pushed free black workers out of low-wage jobs.
c. could not vote.
d. were mostly Protestant.
e. faced no discrimination in employment, housing, and education.
73. Why were the Know-Nothings unable to curb the political influence of Irish immigrants?
a. The pope interceded on behalf of Catholics in America.
b. Southern slaveholders protected the rights of immigrants.
c. The Irish used their economic clout to gain political influence.
d. After arriving in the United States, most of the Irish converted to Protestant faiths.
e. Voting rights were being determined by race.
74. In the late 1850s, a white slaveholder living in Mississippi most likely voted for candidates from which
political party?
a. Free Soil
b. Democratic
c. American
d. Whig
e. Republican
75. The Republican Party founded in the 1850s strongly endorsed the same policy about slavery in the territories
that ________ had begun advocating in 1846.
a. David Wilmot
b. Stephen Douglas
c. John C. Calhoun
d. Roger Taney
e. Henry Clay
76. Which statement is true regarding free labor ideology?
a. Free labor ideology glorified the South as the home of progress, opportunity, and freedom.
b. According to free labor ideology, economic independence was of limited importance to freedom.
c. Free labor ideology was most popular among poor southern whites.
d. Free labor and slavery could coexist peacefully for an unlimited amount of time.
e. According to free labor ideology, slavery must be kept out of the territories so that free laborers could move
up to the status of landowning farmers and independent craftsmen.
77. What argument was made by critics of the Dred Scott decision such as James McCune Smith and John
McLean?
a. The Supreme Court could not be considered an impartial judge in this case because most of the justices
were southerners.
b. Citizenship implied the right to keep and carry arms.
c. All free persons born on American soil were automatically citizens.
d. The Republican platform of restricting slavery’s expansion was unconstitutional.
e. The nation’s founders had never intended for black people to have the rights of citizens.
78. Republicans
a. were mostly abolitionists.
b. opposed the expansion of slavery.
c. opposed immigration.
d. opposed free labor ideology.
e. opposed industrialization.
79. The Republican free labor ideology
a. convinced northerners that Catholic immigrants posed a more significant threat than the southern slave
power.
b. won Republicans significant support from non-slaveholders in the South in 1856.
c. owed its origins to Abraham Lincoln’s reemergence in the wake of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
d. accepted southerners’ point that slavery protected their liberty, but explained that the economic
benefits of free labor would outweigh the damage abolition would do to southern liberty.
e. suggested that free labor and slave labor were essentially incompatible.
80. The caning of Charles Sumner by Preston Brooks
a. showed the extreme violence of which northern abolitionists were capable.
b. actually helped the new Republican Party.
c. was denounced by most southerners as barbaric.
d. occurred because Sumner praised the attack on Lawrence, Kansas.
e. was unusual because both men were proslavery Democrats.
81. On matters related to citizenship, the U.S. Supreme Court declared in Dred Scott that
a. free African-Americans could vote.
b. anyone that a state considered to be a citizen was a U.S. citizen.
c. freeborn blacks were U.S. citizens, but those born into slavery and later freed could not be citizens.
d. citizenship was limited to males.
e. only white persons could be U.S. citizens.
82. In the Dred Scott decision, what was the primary reason given by Chief Justice Roger B. Taney for
refusing to consider blacks American citizens?
a. Blacks had been considered inferior in America for more than a century, including by the founding fathers.
b. Blacks had been granted an inferior role in society by God.
c. Blacks were a dangerous class of people, lacking the moral restraint necessary for full political freedom.
d. Blacks lacked the intelligence necessary to vote and engage in politics.
e. Blacks did not hold a meaningful economic stake in the success of the American project.
83. What do Taney’s arguments regarding citizenship in the Dred Scott decision imply about the nature of
citizenship?
a. It is an ancient ideal that can be traced back to the Roman Empire.
b. It is a God-given privilege afforded only to those who have demonstrated that they are worthy of it.
c. It can be both granted to and taken away from a person through legislative acts.
d. It is an evolving entity, destined to include a larger number of people as society changes.
e. It is a social construct defined by those whom it pertains to.
84. The Republican presidential candidate in 1856 was
a. John Breckinridge.
b. Abraham Lincoln.
c. Charles Sumner.
d. John Frémont.
e. James Buchanan.
85. Which represents Abraham Lincoln’s views on race in the 1850s?
a. Blacks and whites were intellectual equals.
b. Black men should have economic opportunities to better themselves.
c. Black men should be given the right to vote in Illinois.
d. Blacks should be given the same legal rights as whites.
e. Free blacks should be viewed as fundamentally different from slaves.
86. The Dred Scott decision of the U.S. Supreme Court
a. declared that Congress could not ban slavery from territories.
b. endorsed the free-soil policy of the Republicans.
c. backed the idea of popular sovereignty.
d. freed Dred and Harriet Scott.
e. extended the Missouri Compromise line to California.
87. Which statement is true about the effects and aftermath of the 1857 Supreme Court decision in Dred Scott v.
Sanford?
a. The decision in effect declared the Republican plan to restrict slavery’s expansion unconstitutional.
b. President Buchanan declared that slavery was banned in all the territories.
c. Stephen Douglas praised the Court’s affirmation of the doctrine of popular sovereignty.
d. Dred Scott remained enslaved until his death.
e. All people born in the United States were declared citizens, regardless of race.
88. Which position was taken by Stephen Douglas in the Lincoln-Douglas debates?
a. Local self-government was essential in order for American to truly be a free county.
b. Only the national government had the right to decide whether slavery was legal.
c. Blacks would eventually achieve the same rights as whites, but the time was not yet right.
d. Slavery was a moral wrong, but the government had no right to outlaw it.
e. Slavery needed to be extended to the West Coast to ensure the freedom of southerners.
89. The Lecompton Constitution was the
a. antislavery constitution adopted in Nebraska.
b. proslavery constitution proposed for Kansas.
c. pro-secession constitution of North Carolina.
d. Missouri constitution preferred by Abraham Lincoln.
e. compromise offered in 1861 to end the secession crisis.
90. Which event sparked Abraham Lincoln’s reentry into politics?
a. Compromise of 1850
b. Mexican-American War
c. Dred Scott decision
d. raid on Harpers Ferry
e. Kansas-Nebraska Act
91. The famous Lincoln-Douglas debates took place during the campaign for
a. U.S. president in 1856.
b. U.S. president in 1860.
c. governor of Illinois in 1858.
d. a congressional seat from Illinois in 1856.
e. U.S. senator from Illinois in 1858.
92. Who led the raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859?
a. Frederick Douglass
b. Joseph Lane
c. Robert E. Lee
d. Henry Ward Beecher
e. John Brown
93. How did John Brown differ from other abolitionists such as William Lloyd Garrison?
a. He opposed slavery on a purely secular (nonreligious) basis.
b. He was married to an ex-slave.
c. He was willing to take violent action to end slavery.
d. He deliberately modeled his speech and behavior on Jesus Christ.
e. He was the son of a prominent southern planter.
94. During his debate with Abraham Lincoln in Freeport, Illinois, Stephen Douglas
a. called for the free-soil principle to determine the status of slavery in the West.
b. denounced popular sovereignty as a fraud.
c. praised the temperance movement and other key social reforms.
d. insisted that popular sovereignty was compatible with the Dred Scott decision.
e. argued that slaveholders had a constitutional right to take their slaves anywhere.
95. What economic trend occurred in the South in the 1850s?
a. Many poor whites lost their land and were forced to serve as tenant farmers alongside slaves.
b. The high price of slaves and the deep debt incurred by many planters undermined the profitability of
plantations.
c. Owners of northern textile factories became increasingly indebted to the planters they bought their cotton
from.
d. More people became slave owners, while the average number of slaves owned by a single master decreased.
e. Manufacturing became a significant source of employment for free blacks.
96. Which statement is true regarding the Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858?
a. Lincoln disagreed with Douglas’s view that whites were a superior race.
b. Douglas argued that there should be a national popular vote on the morality of slavery.
c. Lincoln believed that blacks as well as whites were entitled to the natural rights enumerated in the
Declaration of Independence.
d. Lincoln argued for free western territories mainly so that free black people could find new homes and better
conditions of life.
e. Lincoln argued that the Constitution would have to be amended to restrict slavery from the territories.
97. Which states did the Constitutional Unionist candidate John Bell win in the 1860 election?
a. all of the New England states
b. four states of the Lower South
c. Texas and Louisiana
d. three states of the Upper South
e. only Missouri
98. Which 1854 document called for the United States to seize Cuba?
a. the Monroe Doctrine
b. the Ostend Manifesto
c. the Wilmot Proviso
d. the Webster-Ashburton Treaty
e. the Frémont Manifesto
99. What do the authors of the 1850 “Letter to the Middletown Sentinel and Witness” claim to be more important
than the Union?
a. the political rights of states
b. economic freedom and prosperity
c. individuals’ freedom to act according to their consciences
d. God’s will
e. local rights and local cultural values
100. How do the authors of the 1850 “Letter to the Middletown Sentinel and Witness” accord their opposition to the
Fugitive Slave Act with their claim that they “reverence law”?
a. by portraying the Fugitive Slave Act as so unjust that it cannot be a real law
b. by placing “God’s law” above the laws of mankind
c. by claiming that the Fugitive Slave Act was passed illegally
d. by placing their First Amendment rights to free expression above a “law of the moment”
e. by pointing out that the Fugitive Slave Act contradicts existing laws
101. In the 1850s, Tennessee-born William Walker became famous for
a. creating a utopian community in Northern California.
b. his proslavery novels that heightened sectionalism.
c. breeding the “Tennessee Walker,” a horse prominent in westward expansion.
d. seeking to establish himself as ruler of a slaveholding Nicaragua.
e. defying fellow whites in his native region and becoming a prominent abolitionist.
102. The Democratic Party split in 1860 over the question of whether to
a. renominate President James Buchanan for a second term.
b. protect slavery in the territories or allow popular sovereignty in them.
c. impeach Chief Justice Roger Taney for the Dred Scott decision.
d. endorse the acquisition of Cuba by the United States, thus increasing slave territory.
e. immediately bring Kansas and Nebraska into the Union as slave states.
103. What do the authors of South Carolina’s Declaration of the Immediate Causes of Secession present as the
cause of their leaving the Union?
a. the federal government’s refusal to respect states’ rights
b. the election of a president who received no votes from the southern states
c. the federal government’s refusal to endorse the Ostend Manifesto
d. the North’s increasing opposition to slavery
e. the Supreme Court’s hostility to the interests of slave owners
104. Who is identified as an “enemy” in Declaration of the Immediate Causes of Secession?
a. the federal government
b. abolitionists
c. northern politicians
d. Abraham Lincoln
e. slaves participating in rebellions
105. How did the Confederate Constitution differ from the federal Constitution?
a. It contained only two branches of government, the executive and the judicial.
b. It limited citizenship to those meeting property requirements.
c. It explicitly guaranteed the right to own slaves.
d. It did not allow for a presidential cabinet.
e. It did not include the office of vice president.
106. What key component of the 1860 Republican platform had never before been part of a major party’s platform?
a. There should be no national banking system.
b. Slavery should be abolished in the Upper South.
c. The government needed to protect industry with a tariff.
d. Federal money should be used to improve and extend transportation.
e. Slavery should not be extended into new states and territories.
107. In the 1860 election, who was the presidential candidate to have significant support in all parts of the country?
a. Abraham Lincoln
b. John Breckinridge
c. John Bell
d. Stephen Douglas
e. Will Seward
108. Why did the southern states secede from the Union and form the Confederacy?
a. They wanted to preserve slavery.
b. The Fugitive Slave Act violated popular sovereignty.
c. They wanted to protest the Dred Scott decision.
d. They supported Stephen Douglas in the 1860 election.
e. The majority of southern whites were slaveholders.
109. Which was a result of the 1861 attack on Fort Sumter?
a. Davis gained control of the most essential fort in the South.
b. Support for the Confederacy collapsed in South Carolina.
c. The Union army lost more than 3,000 soldiers.
d. Lincoln succeeded in making the South fire the first shot.
e. Virginia and North Carolina defected from the Confederacy.