CHAPTER 1: WORLDS APART
Multiple Choice
1. In 1492, how many people lived on the continents of North and South America?
A) 50 million
B) 70 million
C) 80 million
D) 100 million
2. In 1500, the overall state of relations among Native American groups was __________.
A) isolated
B) peaceful
C) unstable
D) cooperative
3. What allowed early Americans to start permanent villages?
A) better building techniques
B) trade
C) farming
D) better hunting practices
4. Which of the following was among the foods that sustained the Inuit and Aleut tribes?
A) quinoa
B) deer
C) olives
D) seals
5. Which group dominated Mexico from 900 to 1100 C.E.?
A) Aztecs
B) Toltecs
C) Mayans
D) Olmecs
6. What was the name of the Aztec capital?
A) Teotihuacán
B) Tenochtitlán
C) Mesoamerica
D) Mexico City
7. Which group developed Mesoamerica’s most advanced writing system?
A) Aztecs
B) Aleuts
C) Mayans
D) Chinooks
8. Which of the following is an example of a “mound–building” society?
A) Mississippian
B) Cree
C) Toltecs
D) Cherokee
9. Which of the following tribes is descended from the ancestral Puebloan peoples?
A) Navajo
B) Hopi
C) Apache
D) Carib
10. In the fifteenth century, West African empires were typically found in the __________ areas.
A) coastal
B) inland
C) mountainous
D) desert
11. Which of the following contributed to frequent warfare between West African states?
A) religious differences
B) scarcity of food
C) lack of access to fresh water
D) proliferation of skilled metalworkers
12. Most African immigrants to the Americas came from __________.
A) West Africa
B) East Africa
C) North Africa
D) South Africa
13. Which religion took root in West Africa in the tenth century?
A) Christianity
B) Buddhism
C) Islam
D) ancestor worship
14. In the fourteenth century, Europeans were most familiar with the __________ part of Africa.
A) southern
B) western
C) northern
D) eastern
15. The majority of African slaves lost their freedom __________.
A) as punishment for crimes
B) because of debts
C) through trickery
D) by being captured in war
16. What was the key difference between the slavery in Africa and slavery in the Americas?
A) Slavery in Africa involved less coercion and abuse.
B) Slavery in the Americas was often temporary.
C) Slavery in the Americas did not extend to the children of slaves.
D) Slavery in Africa was often permanent.
17. The Renaissance originated in the city-states of __________.
A) Italy
B) Portugal
C) Greece
D) Spain
18. Which of the following contributed to European interest in the slave trade?
A) new religious ideas espoused by religious reformers
B) the decline in population caused by the Black Plague
C) consolidation of power in strong monarchs
D) a belief in European cultural superiority as a result of the Renaissance
19. Calvin emphasized the doctrine of __________.
A) salvation through faith
B) salvation through works
C) predestination
D) apostolic succession
20. According to Luther, salvation is the result of __________.
A) good works
B) charitable donations
C) adherence to the pope’s teachings
D) faith
21. What was the primary aim of the Counter-Reformation?
A) to strengthen the Catholic Church
B) to weaken the Catholic Church
C) to replace the pope
D) to counteract the spread of Islam
22. Of the following events, which one most threatened trade between Europe and Asia?
A) the Hundred Years’ War
B) the fall of Constantinople to the Turks
C) the reconquista
D) the proclamation of the doctrine of predestination
23. Which of the following allowed Portugal to develop a monopoly in Far Eastern trade?
A) the fall of the Ottoman Empire
B) the design of the caravel
C) the Hundred Years’ War
D) the conquistadores
24. Who opened a sea route from Europe to India?
A) Dias
B) Columbus
C) da Gama
D) Drake
25. Which of the following prompted Columbus to turn Indians into slaves?
A) an order from the King and Queen of Spain to send slave labor to Spain
B) his desire to create permanent European settlements in the Caribbean
C) his frustration with the lack of gold in Hispaniola
D) his desire to create Christian converts
26. Which European country funded Columbus’s voyages?
A) Italy
B) Spain
C) Portugal
D) England
27. Which of the following helped the conquistadores to defeat the Aztecs?
A) superior weaponry
B) superior monetary wealth
C) superior military strategy
D) superior intelligence
28. Pizarro arrived when the Inca empire was weakened, because __________.
A) the population was aging with few young fighters
B) Incan warriors were away fighting
C) the Incas had just traded many of their weapons for food
D) the Inca ruler had just died of smallpox and civil war broke out between his sons
29. Conquistadores came from __________.
A) Portugal
B) West Africa
C) Spain
D) Italy
30. Which disease devastated the Aztec population?
A) smallpox
B) typhoid
C) malaria
D) Dutch elm disease
31. Where was the Inca empire primarily located?
A) Peru
B) Chile
C) Brazil
D) Mexico
32. _________ was an eloquent advocate for the Indians of Hispaniola.
A) Coronado
B) Las Casas
C) Luther
D) Calvin
33. The “Black Death” killed what fraction of Europe’s population?
A) three-fourths
B) one-half
C) one-third
D) one-fifth
34. Which of the following was a transplant from the Old World to the New World?
A) turkeys
B) sheep
C) maize
D) tomatoes
35. Who introduced horses to America?
A) de Soto
B) Coronado
C) de Vaca
D) Columbus
36. Which of the following aspects of the Columbian Exchange had the greatest negative effect?
A) the exchange of monetary wealth
B) the exchange of diseases
C) the exchange of crops and other plants
D) the exchange of animals and livestock
37. During the sixteenth century, which of the following countries was unsuccessful in its attempt to
create a permanent settlement in the Americas?
A) Spain
B) Portugal
C) England
D) Germany
38. The Treaty of Tordesillas affected which countries?
A) England and France
B) England and Spain
C) Portugal and Spain
D) Portugal and France
39. Which of the following initially prevented France and England from pursuing rights to New World
lands?
A) the Protestant Reformation
B) the Crusades
C) the Hundred Years’ War
D) the Black Plague
40. Cartier explored the St. Lawrence River in order to __________.
A) find a water route to Asia
B) find gold
C) establish the fur trade
D) spread Christianity throughout Canada
41. Which British monarch formed the Church of England separate from the Catholic Church?
A) Mary, Queen of Scots
B) Elizabeth I
C) Henry VIII
D) Victoria
42. King Henry VIII and Queen Elizabeth first targeted __________ for colonization.
A) France
B) North Africa
C) Ireland
D) Cuba
43. Queen Elizabeth sent Frobisher in search of __________.
A) gold
B) trading partners
C) the Northwest Passage
D) cheap Indian labor
44. Who was the first English child born in America?
A) Elizabeth Free
B) Carolina Free
C) Anne Roanoke
D) Virginia Dare
45. A war between England and __________ delayed the dispatch of a relief ship for the Roanoke colony
for three years.
A) Ireland
B) France
C) Spain
D) Germany
46. Who wrote the Discourse on the Western Planting?
A) Raleigh
B) Hakluyt
C) Gilbert
D) Hawkins
47. Where did the English first establish plantations?
A) Wales
B) North Carolina
C) Ireland
D) Florida
48. Hakluyt argued that the Indians, once civilized, would be __________.
A) good slaves
B) good Christians
C) powerful allies
D) purchasers of English goods
49. What did Hakluyt consider “sincere religion”?
A) Protestant Christianity
B) Greek Orthodoxy
C) Catholicism
D) Gnosticism
50. Which of the following English explorers demonstrated respect for the native populations of North
America?
A) Cabot
B) Raleigh
C) Gilbert
D) Hariot
Essay Questions
51. What role did religion play in the way Europeans treated Indians and slaves?
52. Which was a stronger force in New World colonization, economics or religion? Support your answer
with specific examples.
53. How did domestic European conflicts affect the actions of individual countries with regard to
American exploration and settlement?