The nullification crisis of the early 1830s __________.
a. had little impact outside South Carolina
b. was of little significance for the future of the United States
c. revealed the strength of the Constitution
d. was an early indication of dangerous future divisions
e. demonstrated the inherent solidarity of the Union
Freight business did not immediately shift to the railroads because __________.
a. companies distrusted the safety of the steam engine
b. companies received financial incentives from the government to stay with canal
routes
c. canal boats were cheaper
d. companies were not convinced of their reliability
e. companies were fiercely loyal to the canal operators
How did working-class families and middle-class families experience urbanization and
industrialization differently?
a. Working-class families tended to have strong family ties as a result of their urban
lives and work, whereas women and children in middle-class families tended not to
participate in the work that men did.
b. Working-class families often did not spend much time together due to everyone
working at different times, whereas middle-class women tended to spend more time
with their children.
c. In working-class families, only the men earned money, but in middle-class families,
some women did work out of the home.
d. In working-class families, more children lived with their parents into their twenties,
whereas in middle-class families, children tended to leave home as soon as they got
work.
e. Working-class families tended to have fewer members of the household engaged in
work, which is what kept them in a permanent state of poverty.
In 1912, Roosevelt’s New Nationalism __________.
a. demanded a stronger role for the president and government
b. called for tighter immigration laws
c. represented a repudiation of progressivism
d. was readily accepted by all progressives
e. was resolutely antitrust
How can Wilson’s reaction to the sinking of the Lusitania best be characterized?
a. conciliatory diplomacy
b. forceful diplomacy
c. pessimistic diplomacy
d. minimal military
e. forceful military
The bloodiest one-day battle of the war was __________, which took place on
September 17, 1862.
a. Shiloh
b. Bull Run
c. Vicksburg
d. Gettysburg
e. Antietam
President Thomas Jefferson __________.
a. frequently vetoed acts of the Federalist-led Congress
b. removed most Federalists from federal jobs
c. hated the national debt
d. wanted to increase government spending
e. loved the military and saw it as America’s greatest asset
Why was Jackson’s view of the 1832 election results suspect?
a. He was accused of having made a deal with his close friend, Martin Van Buren, in
exchange for
electoral college votes.
b. He did not win by a very large margin, and yet he took the results to mean the nation
supported his
Native American removal policies.
c. He lost the popular vote but won the electoral college vote, increasing his suspicion
that states should not have sovereignty.
d. He beat Adams a second time, assuring himself that the nation supported his financial
and foreign policies, as they differed greatly from Adams’s.
e. He had not spoken about the Bank War in his campaign, but took his victory as a
mandate that the nation wanted him to kill the national Bank.
Compared with the American contribution to the defeat of Germany, the Soviet Union’s
contribution was __________.
a. significantly smaller
b. somewhat smaller
c. about the same
d. significantly larger
e. impossible to determine
Washington realized he was a symbol for the young American nation in that he
__________.
a. represented all the political parties
b. had both French and British heritage
c. had no real power but was a figurehead
d. embodied the hopes and fears of the new republic
e. was a young American with boundless energy and fresh ideas
By 1960, what percentage of black children in the Deep South were attending schools
with whites?
a. less than 1 percent
b. 10 percent
c. 25 percent
d. 45 percent
e. more than 50 percent
Which of the following was true of middle-class American families in the late
nineteenth century?
a. They found their status had remained unchanged.
b. They became more isolated from the world of labor.
c. They had greater economic function.
d. They tended to deteriorate under the impact of industrialization.
e. They had more children.
President Wilson’s first reaction when war broke out in Europe in 1914 was to
__________.
a. declare support for the Allies
b. condemn the actions of the German army
c. praise the assassination of the Austrian archduke
d. declare U.S. neutrality
e. begin construction of a large navy
Colonial involvement in imperial wars began with __________.
a. the French and Indian War
b. King William’s War
c. King Philip’s War
d. the Thirty Years’ War
e. Queen Anne’s War
Why did the war with Mexico provoke political dissension within the United States?
a. Many northerners feared the spread of slavery to the newly acquired territories.
b. Many southerners feared the economic competition from cotton growers in the newly
acquired territories.
c. Many people in the Midwest feared the economic competition from ranchers in the
newly acquired territories.
d. Many people on the east coast worried about the social effects of expansion.
e. Many religious groups worried about the lawlessness that would exist in the sparsely
populated new territories.
American prosperity in the early 1800s was based on __________.
a. an industrial economy
b. manufacturing
c. monetary supplies
d. agriculture and commerce
e. the slave system
What was the biggest factor in placing the United States on a collision course with the
Soviet Union?
a. the American commitment to stopping the spread of communism
b. the American commitment to spreading Christianity around the globe
c. the American commitment to improving international trade
d. the Soviet commitment to improving international trade
e. the Soviet commitment to spreading Catholicism around the globe
The early American Federation of Labor can be best described as an alliance of
__________.
a. industrial unions that tried to change the economic system
b. industrial unions that tried to improve wages and working conditions
c. craft unions that tried to change the economic system
d. craft unions that tried to improve wages and working conditions
e. craft unions that gave its workers a political voice
How did the drive-in culture of the 1950s change the way America shopped?
a. People shopped less often because traffic became a problem.
b. Consumers began driving across state lines to avoid sales taxes.
c. Consumers began buying products in bulk.
d. Delivery services replaced shopping excursions.
e. Shopping centers and malls were built all over the country.
How did Roger Williams’s religious ideas clash with those of the Puritans?
a. Williams believed that settlers in the Massachusetts Bay Colony who had
unconventional religious views should be punished by the colonial leaders.
b. Williams felt that it was not enough to purify the Church of England from within, but
that separation from it was required.
c. Williams believed that rather than separating from the Church of England, the
Puritans should try to improve it.
d. Williams did not support religious toleration and insisted that the members of the
Church of
England try to preserve their own freedom of worship.
e. Williams believed that colonial leaders could not also be religious leaders.
What was the fundamental disagreement between the United States and the Soviet
Union at the beginning of the Cold War about?
a. who would control postwar Europe
b. who would control postwar Asia
c. which country had contributed more to the Allied victory
d. whether Truman or Stalin would lead postwar alliances
e. whether collective security was possible in the postwar world
According to the 1807 federal law that outlawed the importation of slaves, Africans
captured from smugglers were to be __________.
a. lined up and executed
b. returned to Africa
c. immediately emancipated
d. turned over to state authorities to be disposed of according to local custom
e. sold to the highest bidder by federal agents
What was the main reason for Lincoln’s victory in the 1864 presidential campaign?
a. The Democratic Party failed to offer a strong candidate.
b. Northern morale was high throughout the war and Lincoln had few critics.
c. Heavy northern losses rallied the Republican Party behind him.
d. A string of northern victories rallied the Republican Party behind Lincoln.
e. Lincoln ran unopposed.
Why did increased trade with Europeans tend to erode the traditional leadership
structure of Native American groups?
a. Native Americans looked to the Europeans as their new leaders, which made the
Native American leaders lose much of their power.
b. Native Americans who traded with Europeans tended not to belong to traditional
communities, but rather leaderless societies.
c. Native American leaders no longer wanted to rule over other members of their groups
who traded with Europeans.
d. Native American leaders spent so much time in conflict with European traders that
they had no time for leadership, causing their roles to weaken.
e. Native Americans no longer consulted leaders when they bargained with European
traders, which weakened the leaders’ roles.
Sacco and Vanzetti were convicted of murder primarily because they were __________.
a. Russian immigrants
b. anarchists
c. atheists
d. guilty
e. black
In 1856, Congressman Preston Brooks of South Carolina almost beat Senator
__________ of Massachusetts to death on the floor of the U.S. Senate.
a. Thaddeus Stevens
b. John C. Calhoun
c. Charles Sumner
d. Zachary Taylor
e. William Graham Sumner
Why did northern sentiment to free the slaves increase as the war dragged on?
a. People began to realize that slavery was immoral.
b. People recognized that emancipation could be used as a weapon against the South’s
economic and social systems.
c. Congress thought it would be easier to reintegrate the southern states into the Union
if slavery were abolished.
d. Hatred for the South and the Confederacy had increased.
e. Strategists thought that a northern emancipation law might goad southern military
leaders into making tactical mistakes.
Why was life expectancy lower for blacks and other racial minorities in the early
1900s?
a. Race riots targeted blacks and other racial minorities, violently affecting their life
expectancy.
b. They made up the bulk of factory laborers whose jobs were dangerous and therefore
life-threatening.
c. They suffered more the dehumanizing effects of assembly-line production.
d. They were excluded from the census, so the statistics are inaccurate.
e. In general, they were poorer, endured worse living conditions, and had less access to
health care.
How does the modern Bill of Rights compare to that of 1789?
a. The modern one allows for freedoms despite ethnicity, race, gender, or sexual
orientationprovisions that were not made in 1789.
b. The modern one allows for infringement on freedom of speech and privacy with
technology lawsprovisions that did not exist in 1789.
c. The 1789 bill led to political controversy whereas the modern one has not.
d. The modern bill has led to political controversy whereas the 1789 one did not.
e. The 1789 bill was longer; the modern one is a shorter rewriting of the same tenets.
Why did society begin to focus on childhood in the nineteenth century?
a. Children were becoming a larger part of the national economy.
b. Urban couples saw large families as an economic asset.
c. Religious revivalism made birth control and abortions impossible.
d. Families were getting larger and individual children received more attention.
e. Families got smaller and individual children became more highly valued.
Many Americans believed high tariffs would __________.
a. enhance America’s image abroad
b. prevent competition from foreign goods
c. meet the demands of American farmers
d. prevent political differences from arising
e. take money out of their own pockets
Which is the best description of the most important message Richard Hakluyt’s stories
communicated to European readers?
a. Readers were convinced that the New World was a paradise that was theirs for the
taking, and they paid little regard to the native people already living there.
b. Readers were cautioned not to settle in the New World without first being aware of
the potential dangers that they could face.
c. Readers were convinced that the Native Americans were agreeable and eager to help
them get settled in exchange for trading new ideas and goods.
d. Readers were warned to be sensitive to the concerns of Native Americans and not to
treat the New World as a place that was simply theirs for the taking.
e. Readers were convinced that they would find precious metals in North America, and
Hakluyt’s stories told them where to find those precious metals.
Why is the Federal Reserve Act considered the most important law Wilson passed?
a. It instituted the first income tax, which still exists today.
b. It settled disputes among Democrats and Republicans.
c. It imposed necessary controls on banks, and still exists today.
d. It won him great public admiration, securing his second term.
e. It made the United States the richest country in the world.
As a result of changes in the middle-class family, nineteenth-century children
__________.
a. left home sooner
b. became more available for labor
c. received more physical punishment than earlier generations
d. increasingly became viewed as individuals
e. were often offered up for adoption
Which mode of transportation transformed the American economy during the 1840s and
1850s?
a. the clipper ship
b. the canal system
c. the steamboat
d. the covered wagon
e. the railroad