Men in the Arctic fought mainly over _________ and resolved disputes with
__________.
a. hunting partners, harpoon-throwing contests
b. territory, knives
c. women, song contests
d. food, their fists
The Archaic Puebloans or Anasazi __________.
a. adopted above-ground masonry houses; their former pithouses became kivas
b. never developed large structures due to their small population
c. had little trade
d. had a simple society
The best marriage partners for Aleuts were __________.
a. cross-cousins
b. hunting partners’ children
c. clan members
d. off-islanders
The primary game animal in the Southeast was the __________.
a. buffalo
b. deer
c. bear
d. elk
In the Northeast, warfare __________.
a. was rare
b. was frequent and important, usually for revenge
c. bestowed shame on participants, not prestige
d. was for glory, never to defend territory
The historical Kwakiutl __________.
a. traded with the British, starting in the 1700s
b. suffered heavily from European diseases
c. lost 87% of their population
d. all of the above
Clovis sites in the Southeast __________.
a. date to 1000 BP
b. date to 20,000 BP
c. c. date to 15,000 BP
d. may indicate (through pre-Clovis sites) origination in the Southeast
e. c and d
After the United States took over control of the Southeast tribes’ lands, both the
____________Act and American _____________ affected the Southeast tribes badly.
a. Reorganization, greed
b. Snyder, Congress
c. Removal, War of Independence
d. Removal, Civil War
Aleuts differ from Eskimos in __________.
a. language and economy
b. their social divisions
c. the absence of dogs
d. all of the above
NW Coast religion __________.
a. focused on one all-powerful deity
b. involved mainly summer ceremonies
c. included secret societies
d. did not involve spirits
In the 1870s American Indian policy __________.
a. shifted from segregation to assimilation
b. extended treaty-making into the 1890s
c. allowed Indian children to remain on reservations and go to school there
d. added land to most Indian reservations
The most important shaman society for the Ottawa was the
a. Sun Worshippers, who cared for crops.
b. Great Hare Society, who influenced hunting.
c. Manitous or spirit helpers.
d. Midewiwins, a kind of priesthood.
The Subarctic __________.
a. is the largest culture area in North America
b. has relatively warm winters and long summers
c. has little water
d. has very few forests
Political organization in the Subarctic involved __________.
a. hereditary headmen
b. little preparation for war, as it was rare
c. highly flexible, mobile, small local bands
d. Permanent villages that never moved
The Cherokee __________.
a. had White and Blue Council leaders
b. decided on justice at the town or regional level
c. believed in “an eye for an eye”
d. believed in peace at all costs
Some Native American foods eaten in the U.S. today include __________.
a. wheat and rye
b. tomatoes and corn
c. coffee and barley
d. figs and oranges
Native Americans can be defined__________..
a. by their color.
b. by their clothing.
c. by their religion.
d. administratively.
Which of the following would count for more coup?
a. burning the enemy’s tipi while he was away
b. killing an enemy in his sleep
c. touching an enemy and living to tell about it
d. making up a good story of exploits
e. plotting witchcraft against an enemy
The Native American population today in the U.S. is __________.
a. 6-8 million
b. the same as pre-contact
c. 2.5 million
d. 4 million
The first anthropologist to conduct research among peoples of the Northwest Coast was
__________.
a. William Clark
b. Franz Boas
c. Chief Seathl
Subarctic religion __________.
a. ignored animals the people hunted
b. saw spirits in animals, plants, and geographic features
c. included a personal, individual power that could not be shared
d. all of the above
The Proclamation Line of 1763 __________.
a. Prevented Indians from voting
b. Returned misappropriated land to Indians
c. Limited European expansion Westward
d. Marked the boundary between Protestant and Catholic missionaries to the Indians
The Chumash cosmology is divided into different worlds. How many are there?
a..3
b. 7
c. 2
d. 5
Today Owens Valley Paiute __________.
a. still have no reservations
b. refuse to open casinos
c. are trying to maintain their language and culture
d. have asked the U.S. Forest Service to spray for mothers to prevent tree infestation
The four classes of Natchez culture include __________.
a. Sun, Nobles, Priests
b. Sun, Honored, Commoner
c. Honored, Slave, Moon
d. Sun, Farmer, Hunter
Plateau people ___________.
a. had extended families
b. divided labor by sex and age
c. practiced village exogamy
d. ate salmon
e. all of the above
Housing in the Great Basin __________.
a. never varied from brush and adobe
b. included wickiups, caves, and large, semisubterranean houses
c. consisted of permanent villages
d. did not include sweathouses
European impact on the Subarctic included __________.
a. removal of Indian settlements to distant regions
b. increased conservation of resources
c. the introduction of devastating diseases
d. All of the above
The historical enemy of the Pawnee to the north were the __________.
a. Comanche
b. Apache
c. Sioux
d. Osage
e. Cree
The Pawnee spent most of the year living in __________.
a. tepees
b. earth-covered houses
c. grass houses
d. igloos
e. pyramids
European and American contact with California Indians __________.
a. spread devastating diseases such as smallpox
b. brought better health care, which increased Indian population
c. allowed Indians to remain on their own, usually remote, territories
d. encouraged Indians to assimilate into the dominant culture as equals
European impact on Arctic people includes __________.
a. decreased violence as they converted to Christianity
b. depleted game and increased dependency on traders
c. better general health
d. d. all of the above
Aleuts differ from Eskimos in __________.
a. language and economy
b. their social divisions
c. the absence of dogs
d. a and c
e. all of the above
Most Northwest Coast populations lived in __________.
a. small, highly mobile seasonal camps
b. semisubterranean circular huts
c. tents made from animal hides
d. large, sedentary villages of large wooden houses
California peoples had a highly developed art of __________.
a. making pottery
b. basketry
c. copper tool-making
d. weaving corn husks for clothing
The most important animals hunted in the Subarctic for meat were bison and deer. T/F
What role did women have in Iroquoian politics? (2-3 sentences)
The Aleuts lived in villages of over 1000 people and were governed by elected chiefs.
While culture areas are useful for comparison and reference, they may ignore cultural
and environmental diversity.
Washat incorporates aspects of Christianity.
Arctic shamans always counseled peace and would have nothing to do with warfare.
11. The Native American Church formed in 1925 as a response to states’ banning the
ingestion of peyote, a non-narcotic hallucinogen. T/F
Some of the Quebec Inuit trained their children in both male and female roles.
The Navajo were descendants of ancestors who migrated down from Canada hundreds
of years ago. T/F
The Mississippian Complex, beginning c. 1000 BP, included corn as the major food
crop, an increase in agriculture, and clear evidence of ranked social organization. T/F
Many groups of Native Americans are known today by names they did not use for
themselves.
NAGPRA stands for N __________ A __________ G__________ P __________ and R
__________ A__________ .
France and Russia primarily wanted to take land in the New World for colonization
The sexual division of labor in the Great Basin meant women had low status. T/F
Clovis and Folsom points are indicative of the Paleo-Indian Period.
The coniferous forest treeline is the boundary between the Arctic and Subarctic.
Agriculture was introduced in North America from Mesoamerica about 3000 years ago.
Europeans first came to the New World because they wanted the resources. T/F
The Great Basin is characterized by mobile, band-level hunters and gatherers and by
linguistic uniformity
Corn accounts for one third the calories consumed in the U.S. today. T/F