The congressional alternative to Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction program was the
__________.
a. Fourteenth Amendment
b. Ten Percent Plan
c. Wade-Davis Bill
d. Civil Rights Act
e. Freedman’s Bureau bill
The Pendleton Act __________.
a. eliminated presidential appointments
b. provided a merit system for national government jobs
c. allowed Congress greater power in appointing government jobs
d. gave the judiciary greater power in the national government
e. established the Secret Service to protect presidents
The most important function of the school in 1850 was seen as __________.
a. intellectual training
b. vocational training
c. moral indoctrination
d. child care
e. physical conditioning
Which of the following best states the meaning behind Herbert Gutman’s claim that
industrialization transformed the “culture of work”?
a. Industrialization dramatically increased leisure time.
b. Workers eagerly adopted new technology because it made their work easier.
c. The new technology often required difficult and demeaning adaptations of work
patterns.
d. Low pay led to frequent worker resistance, especially ‘sit-down” strikes.
e. Many workers were able to rise from the bottom to the top of the social classes.
Why is it inaccurate to say that everyone who settled in the American West in the 1870s
and 1880s traveled westward?
a. Many people in the Northwest traveled southeast to the Great Plains.
b. Mexicans traveled north and Asians traveled east to settle in the West.
c. Mexicans traveled east from California to settle in the Great Plains.
d. Western Europeans traveled east in order to settle in the West.
e. Asians in the west traveled east to reach the Great Plains.
The typical way for most slaves to express discontent was __________.
a. political protest
b. open, armed rebellion
c. passive resistance
d. participation in conspiracies
e. organizing boycotts
What did the League of Nations do after the Italian invasion of Ethiopia?
a. protected the southern half of the country from Mussolini’s army
b. halted Mussolini’s forces just across the Ethiopian border
c. authorized billions of dollars in aid for the Ethiopians
d. made halfhearted and unsuccessful efforts to stop Mussolini
e. organized a successful counterattack to drive the Italians out of Ethiopia
How did President Obama affect the experience of gays and lesbians in the military?
a. He banned homosexuals from the military.
b. He established the “don’t ask, don’t tell” policy.
c. He formally extended the “don’t ask, don’t tell” policy for ten years.
d. He repealed the “don’t ask, don’t tell” policy.
e. He failed to change the “don’t ask, don’t tell” policy.
For the British, French intervention meant __________.
a. a change in military strategy
b. little change in their military strategy
c. little challenge to their empire
d. a new ally in the war effort
e. fighting a two-front war, both in the colonies and in Europe
A common sight for pioneers heading west on the Oregon and other trails was
__________.
a. the bleached bones of those who had gone before
b. menacing bands of hostile Indians
c. piles of trash discarded by previous travelers
d. towns where gambling and drinking predominated
e. cattle drives heading north
Which statement best describes the 2004 presidential election?
a. It was unusual because there was no central issue.
b. It was unusual because there were no public debates due to security issues.
c. It was noteworthy because of the repeated recounts to determine who had won.
d. It was especially harmonious because the parties were united against terrorism.
e. It was especially bitter and spiteful as each party blamed and criticized the other.
The countries that comprised the Axis Powers in World War II were __________.
a. Germany, France, and Spain
b. Germany, China, and Russia
c. Germany, Italy, and Japan
d. Britain, France, and the United States
e. Russia, China, and the United States
The most important reason for the difference between the New England and
Chesapeake colonies was based on __________.
a. the colonists’ country of origin
b. the much higher mortality rate of the Chesapeake colonies
c. the practice of slavery in the southern colonies
d. contrasting economic systems
e. varying degrees of ethnic diversity in the populations
The Pilgrims, who left Holland to settle in America, __________.
a. were non-Separatists from the Church of England
b. feared their way of life was being undermined by the ways of their Dutch hosts
c. had few alternatives because they were harassed by the Dutch
d. arrived in Virginia, even though their destination was Massachusetts Bay
e. were Catholic radicals eager to overthrow England’s monarchy
Which of the following phrases describes the journey westward for most settlers?
a. All members of the journey had tasks to fulfill on the trail.
b. Only men migrated westward.
c. Most settlers tried to make the journey as quickly as possible.
d. The journey was easier for men than for women.
e. It was a disciplined and efficient enterprise.
The __________ Company was responsible for the settlement of Jamestown in
Virginia.
a. New England
b. Royal African
c. Virginia
d. American
e. New World
What did Whigs mean by “executive usurpation”?
a. Whigs felt that Jackson had usurped the executive presidential power by abusing the
Constitution in the nullification crisis and Bank War.
b. Whigs meant that Democrats had usurped the executive power by creating a corrupt
bargain between President Adams and Henry Clay.
c. Whigs believed that Jackson was a weak president who ceded too much control to
state governments and therefore had to be usurped.
d. Whigs wanted to usurp Jackson’s executive powers by winning back the presidency.
e. Whigs rallied behind Jackson against Adams whom they saw as a tyrannical
executive who had usurped the democratic powers of the presidency.
How does the financial-political climate of the late eighteenth century compare to
today’s climate?
a. The late eighteenth century was a simpler time; people were either farmers or
professionals, and few people discussed politics or financial systems.
b. Debate about politics and finances was more intense in the late eighteenth century;
strife resulted as people established political and financial systems.
c. In the late eighteenth century, politics and finances were intertwined; today, financial
institutions are separate from the influence of political systems.
d. Both the financial and political climates of the late eighteenth century and today can
be characterized as generally peaceful and U.S. focused.
e. The political and financial climates of both times can be characterized as strife-filled,
interdependent on each other, and globally influenced.
Booker T. Washington __________.
a. believed African Americans should fight for equal rights
b. had little hope for the future of African Americans in American society
c. believed that self-help was the best plan for African Americans
d. emphasized the importance of higher education for African Americans
e. founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Which group was exempted from the provisions of the National Origins Act of 1921?
a. Italians
b. Russians
c. Germans
d. Mexicans
e. Irish
The Wilmot Proviso proposed to ban slavery __________.
a. in the northern states
b. in the southern states
c. in territory acquired from Mexico
d. in any future U.S. territories
e. from all U.S. lands
Which of the following individuals was probably the least progressive on the race
question in America in the early 1900s?
a. Theodore Roosevelt
b. Woodrow Wilson
c. William Taft
d. Booker T. Washington
e. W. E. B. Du Bois
How did Hamilton affect Jay’s Treaty?
a. He counseled Jay on whom to see and what to say when he went to England.
b. He wrote the terms of the treaty, consolidating his and Madison’s ideas.
c. He informed the French of the treaty, allowing them to attack England.
d. He secretly informed England that the United States would compromise on all issues.
e. He filibustered in Congress, stalling the ratification until the treaty expired.
How did the masses of unskilled workers affect the Progressive movement?
a. They joined together by the millions in unions and established a Progressive agenda
that they realized through collective bargaining.
b. They successfully lobbied local, state, and even federal governments to pass laws
protecting their rights.
c. By sheer number, the masses influenced industry and society through their struggles
to find work and to survive urban poverty.
d. Most of them worked hard during the day at their jobs and took classes at night so
they could progress to skilled labor or even to professional status.
e. Most of the masses believed in the American dream, if not for themselves, then for
their children, and they worked for Progressive financial stability.
Which 1844 presidential candidate ran on a platform calling for the simultaneous
annexation of Texas and Oregon?
a. Henry Clay
b. James K. Polk
c. Martin Van Buren
d. John Tyler
e. James G. Birney
Arguments opposing annexation of the Philippines included that __________.
a. the natives could not be Christianized
b. colonization was anti-American
c. the Filipinos wanted to become Spanish citizens
d. the location was too far from the U.S. mainland to be protected
e. the Philippines had nothing to offer as a trade partner
How did John Marshall influence the United States?
a. He created the first commercial steamship, proving that people and freight can move
by steam power.
b. He brokered the Adams-Ons Treaty, granting the United States the fertile land of
Florida.
c. He influenced the future of the institution of slavery in the United States by
convincing Congress to pass the Missouri Compromise.
d. He influenced the future of the United States and Latin America through his Supreme
Court rulings like the Monroe Doctrine.
e. He influenced the future of the U.S. economy through his Supreme Court rulings.
Which of the following movements had the greatest influence on the development of
the abolitionist movement?
a. Cult of Domesticity
b. extension of public education
c. women’s rights
d. temperance
e. Second Great Awakening
Who invented the concept of the mass construction of suburban homes?
a. William Levitt
b. Thurgood Marshall
c. Joseph McCarthy
d. Norman Vincent Peale
e. Reginald Rose
A smaller conflict over slavery, which prefigured the American Civil War, was fought in
which state during the late 1850s?
a. Missouri
b. Kansas
c. South Carolina
d. Tennessee
e. Texas
In the election of 1808, the Federalist Party __________.
a. seemed unable to adapt to the changes of society
b. made impressive gains in Congress
c. had won new support in the West
d. was dominated by innovative new political leaders
e. nominated George Clinton for president