All of the following influenced middle-class reformers in the United States EXCEPT
A) Victor Hugo.
B) Karl Marx.
C) Leo Tolstoy.
D) Adolph Hitler.
The Federalists argued that a stronger national government was necessary to
A) establish public credit.
B) extend American trade.
C) spur economic recovery.
D) protect national interests.
Timbuktu in the fourteenth century was a
A) barren and inhospitable location in the Sahara.
B) major port of trade with the eastern world on the Indian Ocean.
C) military outpost in the kingdom of Ghana.
D) city in Mali, with a distinguished faculty of scholars.
Intolerance during the 1920s in the United States was reflected in the
A) suppression of the Ku Klux Klan.
B) increased success of labor unions.
C) popularity of jazz.
D) passage of restrictive immigration laws.
In response to Fort Sumter,
A) the states of Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri seceded and joined the Confederacy.
B) northern authorities enlisted black volunteers for military service.
C) President Lincoln asked Congress to initiate plans for military conscription.
D) both the North and South witnessed a tremendous outpouring of support.
Abraham Lincoln believed that
A) there should be immediate abolition of slavery.
B) blacks were equal to whites and deserved equal rights.
C) slavery should be placed on a course of ultimate extinction.
D) separation of the races would have harmful long-term implications.
Which of the following crops did Europeans use African slave labor to produce in the
Americas?
A) sugar
B) rice
C) tobacco
D) All of the above.
Which of the following accurately relates the housing situation facing the nation in the
late 1930s?
A) A shortage of urban housing existed.
B) Reformers convinced FDR to create low-income housing.
C) Slum clearance became a major focus of New Deal housing programs.
D) All of the above.
The annexation of Hawaii to the United States was
A) opposed by President Harrison.
B) opposed by President Cleveland.
C) supported by Queen Liliuokalani.
D) supported by President Cleveland.
Placed in command of the Union armies in 1861, General George McClellan
A) wished to win the war “by maneuvering rather than fighting.”
B) captured the city of Richmond during his Peninsula campaign.
C) inflicted unnecessary and embittering loss of life and property.
D) gained a reputation for bold, almost reckless tactics.
At the state and local levels, progressive reformers usually called for
A) greater direct participation of the voters in the political process.
B) inflationary economic policies.
C) less regulation of railroads to encourage economic development.
D) programs that benefited the working classes.
In the 1970s, roughly half of the Native American population lived
A) in the South.
B) in California.
C) on reservations.
D) in the Midwest.
The organizers of the Jamestown colony were motivated primarily by a desire to
A) pursue military adventures against the Spanish.
B) spread Christian religion to native peoples.
C) earn profits by discovering gold and developing trade with Indians.
D) escape political oppression and religious persecution.
In general, American agriculture in the second half of the nineteenth century became
A) increasingly diversified.
B) less reliant on government intervention.
C) less dependent on market forces.
D) more dependent on market forces.
The Bessemer process
A) converted steam into power.
B) enabled steel manufacturers to reduce injuries.
C) transformed iron into steel more efficiently.
D) made a stronger, but more expensive steel.
Like Latinos, Native Americans in the 1960s and 1970s
A) experienced full equality in the United States.
B) increasingly left the United States.
C) experienced second-class status.
D) failed to receive favorable legislation.
Why did violence flare up in the Hudson River Valley during the 1750s and 1760s?
A) Tenants challenged elite landlords over evictions.
B) Native Americans burned settler homes over land issues.
C) African American slaves confiscated white-owned plantations.
D) The Spanish royal government sent troops against British colonial tax evaders.
During the first 50 years after independence, American foreign policy was concerned
primarily with
A) trans-Atlantic commercial trade.
B) imperialism.
C) continental expansion.
D) national armament.
The largest civil disturbance of the nineteenth century occurred in New York City in
early July 1863, as
A) workers opposed to the draft rioted for three days.
B) peace activists demanded a negotiated end to the war.
C) blacks protested racial discrimination and segregation.
D) nativist mobs beat up Irish immigrants and destroyed their homes and businesses.
By the 1850s, all of the following factors undermined the united action of women mill
workers EXCEPT the
A) long tenure of women workers.
B) arrival of Irish immigrants.
C) use of segregated living quarters.
D) hiring of more male workers.
In the Dred Scott case, the Supreme Court ruled that
A) Congress could not ban slavery in a territory.
B) the Missouri Compromise was constitutional.
C) blacks were entitled to sue in federal courts.
D) slaves taken to free territories became free citizens.
The women who came to Lowell for mill jobs were
A) recruited only after owners failed to locate sufficient immigrant workers.
B) eager for permanent work and opportunities for advancement.
C) the first women to labor outside their homes in large numbers.
D) attempting to escape conditions of desperate poverty at home.
Puritan minister Roger Williams supported
A) mandatory church attendance for all colonists.
B) complete separation of church and state.
C) colonial usurpation of Indian lands.
D) New England’s affiliation with the Church of England.
George Washington’s early military setbacks convinced him to
A) engage the British in frontal combat.
B) harass the British, making the war as costly for them as possible.
C) lead an assault on Canada.
D) seek a final attempt at reconciliation with the British.
Much of the colonial clergy
A) supported the revolutionary movement against English rule.
B) denounced the revolutionary pamphleteers.
C) saw the revolutionary movement as dangerously immoral.
D) urged their congregations to obey British laws.
During the late nineteenth century, the American middle class generally
A) found few new products on which to spend its increased income.
B) saw a decline in its standard of living.
C) enjoyed an improvement in its standard of living.
D) could maintain its standard of living with fewer members of the family employed.
All of the following factors contributed to a disastrous beginning for the Jamestown
colony EXCEPT the
A) lack of food and sanitary conditions.
B) misperceptions and mishandlings by the colonists of local natives.
C) unwillingness of the Virginia Company to risk further expenses.
D) unproductive mix of settlers.
Robert Francis Allston’s chief concern as a slaveholder was to guard against his slaves’
A) disobedience.
B) escape.
C) sickness and death.
D) education.
All of the following statements are true about Jane Addams and her racial response to
the progressive movement EXCEPT:
A) She struggled with the racist attitudes of her day.
B) She founded a black settlement house in Chicago.
C) She supported the founding of the NAACP.
D) She adopted black children into her own family.
In February 1861, the original seceding states created a provisional government
A) emphasizing the sovereignty of the states.
B) establishing their capital at Richmond, Virginia.
C) selecting Robert E. Lee as president.
D) authorizing generous funds for employees and supplies.
All of the following describe the life and work of Abbey Kelly EXCEPT:
A) She was a Quaker teacher in Massachusetts.
B) She came to reform through religious conviction.
C) She became an antislavery advocate, or abolitionist.
D) she led slave rebellion in the South.
The majority of slaves were engaged in
A) agricultural labor.
B) industrial tasks.
C) mining operations.
D) domestic service.
Initially in the Revolutionary War, the French concentrated their fleet near
A) Canada.
B) California.
C) the West Coast of Mexico
D) the West Indies.
By the spring of 1918, the nation of ________had left the war.
By 1860, almost ________ of the American people lived west of the Appalachian
Mountains.
Discuss the election of 1912, and explain the difference between the New Nationalism
and the New Freedom as presented by Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson
during that campaign.
Imagine yourself a member of the Bonus Army that marched on Washington in May
1932. Explain why you participated in the march and describe your reaction to the
events that occurred during the march.
In securing the Democratic nomination in 1844, ________ called for “the reannexation
of Texas at the earliest practicable period” and the occupation of the Oregon Territory.
When a band of Sioux Indians left their reservation in December 1890, many of them
were massacred by the U.S. Army at ________.
The South’s nearly 400,000 ________ were viewed by the British as a resource to be
exploited during the war.
Discuss union gains from the end of World War II through the 1950s. Evaluate the
advantages and disadvantages of those gains.
Imagine yourself a typical black adult living in the North during World War II. Describe
the environment in which you lived and your feelings about your situation.
When President McKinley was assassinated in 1900, a total of ________ American
presidents had been killed since 1860.
In 2004, George W. Bush defeated ___________, a Vietnam War hero and senator from
Massachusetts.
Discuss the methods by which conservative white Democrats regained control of the
southern state governments at the end of Reconstruction.
When ________ introduced the Bessemer process in his plants, the price of steel
dropped.
Discuss the factors that contributed to a population explosion in North America from
1680 to 1750. How and why did immigrants of the eighteenth century differ from those
of the previous century? Did America prove to be their land of opportunity?
The nationalist ________ helped to overthrow a dictatorial regime in Cuba in 1959.
Upon news of the Texas rebellion, Mexican dictator and general ________ hurried
north to crush it with an army of 6,000 conscripts.
Analyze President Polk’s actions in handling the Oregon question. Was Polk lucky or
smart in achieving a peaceful compromise with Britain?
Loyalist numbers were fewest in ________, and concentrated around New York City.
By mid-2006, the approval rating of President George W. Bush had sank to ________
percent.
In 1215, the English aristocracy curbed the powers of the king when they forced him to
accept the ________.