How do economic crises today compare to the Panic of 1837?
a. The Panic of 1837 was caused by Andrew Jackson’s laissez-faire policies; today
politicians regulate commerce more, avoiding panics and recessions.
b. The Panic of 1837 was caused by international fluctuations; today panics and
recessions are localized within regions and countries.
c. Like the Panic of 1837, panics and recessions today are caused by international
fluctuations natural to a capitalistic economy.
d. Like the Panic of 1837, panics and recessions today are caused by tight governmental
controls on commerce.
e. Like the Panic of 1837, panics and recessions today are the primary cause of
presidents losing reelection campaigns.
What sixteenth-century European upheaval had a profound impact upon England’s
settlement of the New World?
a. the Crusades
b. the War of the Roses
c. the Reformation
d. the Hundred Years’ War
e. the experience of the Marian exiles
What caused the New York Riot of July 1863?
a. a combination of racial prejudice and class conflict
b. a combination of fervent abolitionism and religious zeal
c. a strong anti-immigrant sentiment
d. economic desperation
e. southern agitators who were trying to stir up trouble
Beginning in 1871, the U.S. government __________.
a. stopped dealing with Native American tribes as sovereign nations
b. started dealing with Native American tribes as sovereign nations
c. tried to restore lands to Native Americans
d. rejected the Dawes Act
e. began a systematic slaughter of all Native Americans still living in tribes
In the early nineteenth century, American Protestant denominations strengthened
religious values and increased church membership through __________.
a. orthodoxy
b. secularism
c. revivalism
d. spiritualism
e. ‘spreading the Gospel”
Josiah Strong __________.
a. fostered the concept of the righteousness of American expansion
b. believed that only missionary work should be done overseas
c. had little regard for the theories of Charles Darwin
d. hindered American expansion through his religious teachings
e. thought foreign trade was unimportant to the United States
The great strike of 1877, in which more than 100 people died, involved __________.
a. steel workers
b. cowboys
c. railroad workers
d. oil workers
e. textile workers
Supply-side economists believe that __________.
a. the national economy will recover without changing tax structures
b. tax cuts will always hurt the national economy
c. tax cuts will lead to an economic boom
d. certain tax increases will lead to an economic boom
e. tax increases are needed to keep the federal government functioning
What is significant about the result of the disputed election of 1876?
a. It was the last Radical victory.
b. It meant the end of Reconstruction.
c. It marked the beginning of national Democratic ascendency.
d. It demonstrated the political power of southern African Americans.
e. It was resolved more quickly than anyone expected.
How might Reconstruction have been different if Lincoln had not been assassinated?
a. African Americans might have gained political and economic rights sooner, since
Lincoln was a strong supporter of equal rights for all Americans.
b. Terrorist groups like the Ku Klux Klan would not have developed in the South.
c. Women would also have gained the right to vote, since Lincoln would have
encouraged this in the Fifteenth Amendment.
d. Lincoln would have refused to allow any former Confederates to participate in
Republican government.
e. Since Lincoln had showed some flexibility with Congress before, it is possible that
he could have worked with the Radical Republicans on a compromise plan.
How did Washington’s and Adams’s cabinets compare to today’s cabinet?
a. They were much smaller, consisting of only three offices, whereas today’s cabinet
comprises dozens of secretaries and thousands of employees.
b. They were much larger, since laying the groundwork for a new nation required more
human resources than does running a superpower today.
c. Their cabinets had less power; they acted only as advisors to the president and could
not create any actual policies.
d. Their cabinet members, being from the same political party, accomplished more by
cooperating better than today’s members.
e. Their cabinets met less frequently, as they were busy traveling about the country or
Europe, whereas today’s members stay mainly in Washington, D.C.
Henry Ford is often described as the inventor of the assembly line. In what way is this
an inaccurate description?
a. The assembly line was invented and used in the mill clothing industry of the early
nineteenth century.
b. Ford did not invent the assembly line; he improved the meatpacking industry’s use of
it.
c. Because human workers were part of each aspect of the production of a car, it was
not really an assembly line.
d. Because machines were part of each aspect of the production of a car, it was not
really an assembly line.
e. Although Ford increased automation of production, the assembly line was not really
invented until after his death.
Why did Andrew Johnson particularly resist the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the
Fourteenth Amendment?
a. Johnson felt that these laws did not grant full equal rights to African Americans, and
thus pushed for further legislation, which ultimately became the Fifteenth Amendment.
b. Johnson strongly supported states’ rights and felt that these laws did not allow states
to manage their own affairs regarding the rights of their citizens.
c. Johnson felt that by stating the rights of African Americans, southern state
governments would be able to exploit legal loopholes.
d. Johnson believed that his Republican supporters would never vote for him again if he
supported equal rights for African Americans.
e. Johnson knew that these laws would only encourage terrorist organizations to form in
opposition to them.
The first French explorers were __________.
a. interested in finding the mythical “northwest passage” to China
b. determined to find gold and silver
c. eager to Christianize the Native Americans
d. ruthless and exploitive of the native peoples
e. considered stupid by the Native Americans
What were the big issues of the 1952 presidential campaign?
a. the economy, labor reform, and family values
b. the economy and the Korean War
c. labor reform and communism
d. the Korean War, communism, and government corruption
e. government corruption, the economy, and civil rights
Affirmative action policies are designed to __________.
a. perpetuate the checks and balances between branches of government
b. allow the president to reinstitute the military draft
c. force Congress to make decisions in a timely manner
d. ensure greater diversity in the workplace
e. give more decision-making power to the people
The author of the original proposal for the Bill of Rights was __________.
a. Patrick Henry
b. George Washington
c. Alexander Hamilton
d. James Madison
e. Thomas Jefferson
By the end of Washington’s first term of office, __________.
a. political harmony had unified the cabinet
b. political squabbling had divided the government
c. political parties had not yet formed
d. the machinery of government had been brought to a standstill
e. politicians understood the force of public opinion
How could a territory become a state according to the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?
a. First a territory had to raise enough money to buy its land from the European country
that owned it, and then the people could petition for statehood.
b. Once the people of the territory had successfully subdued the Native American
population, they could become a state.
c. Territories had to elect officials and then write Articles of Confederation in order to
become full-fledged states.
d. Once the population reached 60,000, the residents could write a constitution and
petition for statehood.
e. After a period of eighteen years, territories could petition the federal government for
permission to become states.
What was the consequence of the formation of the Standard Oil Trust?
a. The federal government passed legislation to stop further trusts from forming.
b. Other industries followed its lead, and trusts became common in America.
c. John D. Rockefeller lost control of his company.
d. Other oil companies began to compete with Standard Oil over prices.
e. It became famous as the only trust ever formed in the United States.
Which provides the strongest evidence that eighteenth-century slavery was based on
racist views?
a. The status of a person as a slave depended entirely on the amount of money a person
had, and blacks had little money.
b. The status of a person as a slave depended on where the person was born, and being
born in
Africa made a person a slave.
c. The status of a person as a slave depended entirely on skin color.
d. The status of a person as a slave depended partly on skin color and partly on
intelligence.
e. The status of a person as a slave depended entirely on social class.
Why has the nineteenth century been identified as “the century of the child”?
a. Parents began having more children, and larger families required more attention.
b. Parents had a new concern for children, and families became child-centered.
c. Medical advances made it possible for more children to survive to adulthood.
d. Children became a more important part of the labor force.
e. For the first time ever, children began to spend money in the economy.
How did progressive attitudes affect the size of government during the Progressive Era?
a. Progressives believed that local government could best conduct social reforms and
supported agencies of experts, so small state and local governments grew.
b. Progressives believed that the federal government could best conduct social reforms
and supported agencies of experts, so the national government grew.
c. All governments shrank because progressives believed that charities could best
conduct social reforms and opposed agencies of experts.
d. Small state and local governments grew because progressives believed that most
voters were too uneducated to understand national issues.
e. Progressives believed in the wisdom of the general masses, so all governments
shrank while agencies run by nonpoliticians grew.
Why did the nation’s progressives oppose U.S. involvement in World War I?
a. They were naturally pessimistic and knew the United States would lose.
b. They understood how financially costly the war would be for the nation.
c. They did not believe the reports sent over from Europe.
d. They opposed the Allied position because it was one of aggression.
e. They opposed all war as being an obstacle to social reform.
What did progressive reformers of the cities believe were especially crucial to the
success of their causes?
a. trained experts
b. bankers
c. politicians
d. basic scientists
e. mayors
How did Theodore Roosevelt distinguish a “good” trust from a “bad” trust?
a. A good trust stayed within reasonable bounds, whereas a bad trust hurt the general
welfare of society.
b. A good trust donated money to Roosevelt’s campaign, whereas bad trusts did not.
c. A good trust was well-organized and efficient, whereas a bad trust was cumbersome
and inefficient.
d. A good trust employed the masses (immigrants, women, the poor, African
Americans); a bad trust only employed white males.
e. A good trust developed products that contributed to society; a bad trust worked in
mergers and acquisitions and did not produce any actual products.
During the Spanish-American War, African Americans in the military __________.
a. found segregation and discrimination similar to civilian life
b. were treated as equals and given opportunities for advancements
c. had little opportunity to distinguish themselves in battle
d. were able to pressure the government for civil rights reforms
e. were never allowed command positions
How did state politicians undermine Jefferson’s promises to Native Americans?
a. They passed the Adams-Ons Treaty to obtain Florida as U.S. land, but Jefferson had
promised Florida to the Native Americans.
b. They denied independent states to Native Americans, as promised by Jefferson.
c. They authorized the occupation of Native American land, displacing Native
Americans to whom Jefferson had promised land and citizenship.
d. They attempted to relocate or exterminate the Native Americans from their land
against the policies of President Jefferson.
e. They would not allow Native Americans to own African slaves, and yet Jefferson
himself and most southern politicians owned slaves.
President Eisenhower’s approach to desegregation was to __________.
a. actively fight to stop the process
b. work behind the scenes to stop the effort
c. misunderstand the importance of the issue
d. work behind the scenes to support the movement
e. publicly support desegregation efforts across the South
Which of the following forms of transportation predominated before the 1820s and
1830s?
a. national road systems
b. canal systems
c. steamboats
d. flatboats
e. railroads
What factors contributed to making World War I “the most terrible war of all time”?
a. World War I involved all areas of the world, including South America, Africa, and
Asia.
b. The use of trench warfare and new technology made conditions particularly horrible
for soldiers.
c. A larger number of people died in World War I than any other war in history.
d. American propaganda campaigns demonized the enemy, fueling the war’s label as
“most terrible”.
e. Food shortages on the home front led to many U.S. civilian deaths in addition to
military deaths.
After rejecting Johnson’s Reconstruction plan, what was the basis of Congress’s
program?
a. the social and moral regeneration of the South
b. the confiscation and redistribution of land
c. immediate enfranchisement of both the freedmen and ex-Confederates
d. guarantees for the rights of all citizens with the Fourteenth Amendment
e. granting pardons to members of the planter class who asked for them
What hindered the development of towns in the Chesapeake region?
a. hostility between different ethnic groups
b. the absence of navigable rivers
c. the absence of a vibrant middle class
d. the dependence on a one-crop economy based on tobacco
e. the dependence on a one-crop economy based on cotton
Under the terms of the Taft Commission, the United States __________.
a. would control the Philippines in perpetuity
b. gave the Filipinos complete independence
c. provided funds but did not interfere with local government in the Philippines
d. gave the army complete control of the Philippines
e. guaranteed future independence for the Philippines