Culture is the patterned behavior characteristic of a group of people.
Boxer (The Military Name Game) asserts that the original World War II purpose of
naming military operations was to generate public approval for them.
Four anthropological classifications of societies based on food-getting techniques are
hunting and gathering, horticulture, pastoralism, and agriculture.
According to Omohundro (Career Advice), students approach the job market with over-
confidence because they are ignorant of the real requirements of getting a job.
According to Harris (Life without Chiefs), leaders called “big men” appear in societies
whose economies are characterized by delayed reciprocity.
Cronk (Reciprocity and the Power of Giving) argues that in most instances of gift
giving, donors expect those who have received the gift to reciprocate promptly.
The process of making and carrying out public policy according to cultural categories
and rules is called the political system.
The world system is the economic incorporation of different parts of the world into
a system based on capitalism, not politics.
Gmelch quotes a theory by anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski that argues for the
association between magic and uncertainty.
Nancy Scheper-Hughes (Mother’s Love: Death without Weeping) feels that it is
instinctual for poor mothers to grieve deeply over the death of their babies in most
societies unless they have been separated from their infants by illness or divorce.
If a dictator forces people to adhere to his policies by using force, his actions would not
fall under the definition of support.
According to Bestor (How Sushi Went Global), few North Americans ate bluefin tuna
before the international market for sushi developed, preferring, instead, to fish for tuna
as a sport.
The !Kung ridiculed the ox given them by Lee for their Christmas feast because this is
the usual way they “cool” the arrogance of people who provide important things for
others.
Baseball players often include personal ritual, taboos, and fetishes in their practice of
magic.
Gmelch argues that magic is found most often associated with fielding in American
baseball.
According to Abu-Lughod (Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving?), the burqa and
other forms of veiling in the Middle East symbolize respectability, modesty, and the
separate, home-based, world of women.
According to Reed (Forest Development the Indian Way), the Guaran, and in the past,
millions of other Indians exploited the Amazonian tropical forests without causing
permanent harm to the ecosystem.
In her article (Malawi Versus the World Bank) Patten claims that the goal of the World
Bank and IMF is to lend poor countries money in order to build more efficient
government agencies concerned with health and the control of HIV/AIDS.
The world system is the movement of a cultural category, culturally defined
behavior, or culturally produced artifact from one society to another through borrowing.
Abu-Lughod (Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving?) disagrees with Laura Bush’s
assertion that liberating Afghan women is a reason to go to war.
Deutscher (You Are What You Speak) notes that the Guugu Yimithirr of Australia use a
geographic approach when they indicate where things are.
According to Scheper-Hughes (Mother’s Love: Death without Weeping), mothers living
in Alto do Cruzeiro in northeastern Brazil have been known to actually hasten the death
of babies they feel will not survive by failing to feed them properly.
Cronk reports that no matter how little he gave his Mukogodo informants while he was
doing fieldwork, they always seemed grateful, which led to a warmer, more trusting
relationship demonstrating the positive power of giving.
According to Stryker (Ethnography in the Public Interest), the Women’s Prison
Healthcare Project she directed unfortunately failed to produce actionable
recommendations.
According to Omohundro (Career Advice), anthropology majors have a difficult time
knowing how to apply for a job because they live in a society where there are an
enormous number of different jobs and where their lives have been separated from the
world of work during childhood and college.
Because they are based on role obligations, taxes are an example of reciprocal
exchange.
Sterk found that AIDS affects the lives of prostitutes but that customers often refuse to
use condoms
According to Weatherford (The Founding Indian Fathers), the only sign that Indians had
something to do with the founding of the U.S. government is the statue of an Indian
woman that rests on top of the Capitol dome.
According to Stryker (Ethnography in the Public Interest), the Women’s Prison Health
Care Project she directed discovered that female inmates in two California Prisons
usually faked ailments in order to receive special treatment.
According to Dubisch (Run for the Wall), the “run” is taken annually by a group of
motorcyclists who start the ride in California, stop nightly for rest and ritual
ceremonies, and end at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, DC.
Gmelch’s article, “Nice Girls Don”t Talk to Rastas,” describes a conflict caused by his
student’s nave realism as she did fieldwork in a rural Barbadian community.
The Freeds (Taraka’s Ghost) argue that malevolent spirit possession in North India is
often associated with high levels of stress.
Skinner explains magic as a response to uncertainty, an attempt to control the
unpredictable, according to Gmelch.
Roles are the categories of different kinds of people who interact.
According to Abu-Lughod (Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving?), Western
feminists should strive to free Muslim women from the necessity of wearing burqas or
other forms of veiling.
According to Sutherland, the largest group to which Gypsies belong is called the vitsa.
Citing survey evidence, Omohundro (Career Advice) notes that over 70 percent of the
graduates polled thought that anthropology was useful to them at work and that 74
percent were glad they had majored in the subject.
According to Mann (You@Work), it is important to ask family and friends to be careful
about what they post about you on the Internet.
A kinship group based on a unilineal rule of descent that is localized and which has
corporate power is called a clan.
In his article, “Family and Kinship in Village India,” McCurdy argues that family and
kinship relations have been extended to provide support in the market economy.
According to Barrett (Leprosy on the Ganges), which of the following statements is not
true?
a. The holistic approach in medical anthropology is essential to understanding and
preventing socially stigmatized diseases.
b. Medical anthropologists should be clinically trained to help prevent or at least cure
stigmatized diseases such as leprosy.
c. “Disease” refers to the biological aspects of a medical condition; illness refers to the
personal experience of that condition.
d. two of the above
e. a, b, and c, above
The cultural rule that prohibits sexual intercourse among defined classes of relatives is
called
a. the incest taboo.
b. polygamy.
c. endogamy.
d. polygyny.
e. hypergamy.
According to Sutherland (The Case of the Offender), Gypsies find which of the
following things polluting (marime)?
a. relatives from other vitsas.
b. non-Gypsies.
c. food prepared by non-Gypsies that is not in some sort of package or container.
d. two of the above
e. a, b, and c above
On the basis of her work in northeastern Brazil and on literature describing practices in
other parts of the world, Scheper-Hughes feels that
a. it is instinctual for mothers to grieve deeply over a dead son or daughter in every
society including those with high infant mortality rates.
b. poor mothers everywhere cannot help but become attached to their sickly
infants even though the latter are likely to die.
c. it is natural for poor mothers to maintain emotional distance from infants who are
likely to die.
d. civil authorities try hard to improve the condition of poor women but the latter won”t
help themselves.
e. poor women let their babies die despite concerted efforts by church authorities to
prevent them from doing so.
According to Spradley, culture, itself, is a kind of
a. behavior.
b. artifact.
c. knowledge.
d. symbolic interaction.
e. ideal system.
According to Stryker (Ethnography in the Public Interest), which one of the following
recommendations resulting from the study she directed was adopted by the state of
California?
a. There should be improved translation services.
b. The position of MTA should be abolished.
c. Overcrowding should be assessed.
d. two of the above
a. all of the above
The people whom a policy will affect are called the
a. public.
b. faction.
c. state.
d. tribe.
e. band.
According to Diamond (Domestication and the Evolution of Disease), old world crowd
diseases killed percent of the Indians of the Americas in the first 100 years after
Columbus’s arrival in the new world.
a. 95
b. 80
c. 70
d. 50
e. 30
Sterk (Fieldwork on Prostitution in the Era of Aids) found that in-depth interviews
a. worked best if she had asked a list of carefully prepared questions.
b. worked best if held in private.
c. yielded little in-depth information.
d. were the most stressful part of fieldwork.
e. yielded too many contradictions to be useful.
According to Barrett (Leprosy on the Ganges), a man named Ram Dev asked Barrett to
a. cut him to make his leprosy-related lesions look worse.
b. help him by securing the necessary drugs to cure him of leprosy.
c. help him find a place in a local ashram where there were other lepers.
d. secure a place in a bathing ghat so he could wash his lesions in Ganges water.
e. none of the above
Cronk, reporting on a study by Grace Goodell, notes that monetary support of an
irrigation project by the served to in Iran.
a. U.S., support local level political organizations
b. World Bank, support local level political organizations
c. U.S., crush local level political organizations
d. World Bank, crush local level political organizations
e. U.S., revive local level political organizations
Shandy and Moe (The Opt-Out Phenomenon) note that no longer holding a
high-ranking job is a problem for a woman’s prestige. What can she do to retain prestige
when she spends all her time at home?
a. Note what her high prestige jobs had been.
b. Argue that being a stay-at-home mom is actually more important.
c. Note that she and her husband could not afford nannies.
d. two of the above
e. a, b, and c above
According to Fish (Mixed Blood), an avocado is classed as a in the U.S. and a ____ in
Brazil.
a. fruit, seed
b. seed, nut
c. vegetable, nut
d. vegetable, fruit
e. nut, seed
Four of the following describe ways the Tiv interpreted the story of Hamlet? Which one
does not?
a. The Tiv felt that the ghost of Hamlet’s father was really an omen sent by a witch.
b. The Tiv decided that Laertes killed his sister, Ophelia, through witchcraft.
c. The Tiv were pleased by the quick marriage of Hamlet’s mother to her dead husband’s
brother.
d. The Tiv approved of Hamlet’s desire to kill his father’s brother.
e. The Tiv felt that Polonius’s own error caused his death.
According to Miner (Body Ritual among the Nacirema), Naciremans believe that
a. mothers are the only people who can teach their children body rituals.
b. fathers tend to put a curse on their children when they try to teach them body rituals.
c. unless they are given a large gift, holy mouth men will harm children.
d. mothers are likely to put a curse on their children when they teach them body rituals.
e. none of the above
According to Harris (Life without Chiefs), hunter/gatherers lack leaders with formal
authority because
a. band members are not economically dependent on any one person in such societies.
b. band members have not discovered the benefits of a formal political system.
c. the economic importance of women makes it impossible for men to permanently
acquire political authority.
d. two of the above
e. a, b, and c above
According to Abu-Lughod (Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving?), once U.S. forces
drove the Taliban out of Afghanistan most Pashtun Afghan women
a. refused to wear burqas.
b. often continued to wear the burqa in public.
c. readily adopted Western dress.
d. adopted the Pakistani salwar and kamiz style of dress.
e. began to wear trousers and t-shirts supplied to them by U.S. soldiers.
Which one of the following subsistence strategies would most typically be found to
support permanent settlements containing between 50 and 250 people?
a. hunting and gathering
b. horticulture
c. agriculture
d. industrial
e. pastoral
A relationship between two people that is socially recognized and which confers
birth-status rights on children is called
a. kinship.
b. consanguineal.
c. a family.
d. marriage.
e. a rite of passage.
According to Reed (Forest Development the Indian Way), sustainable development
means
a. commercial forest exploitation without the elimination of natural resources
b.the protection of the economic, ecological, and social spheres of people living in the
forest
c.the promotion of social stability among all people in the forest by more evenly
distributing rising living standards
d.two of the above
e. a, b, and c above
The cultural knowledge that people use to settle disputes by means of agents who have
recognized authority is called
a. law.
b. politics.
c. a court.
d. self-redress.
e. a moot.
According to Gmelch (Nice Girls Don”t Talk to Rastas), Barbadian villagers shunned
his U.S. study abroad student because she
a. had sexual relations with a Rastafarian named Joseph.
b. was seen swimming naked with a Rastafarian.
c. gave Joseph some of the fruit growing on her homestay mother’s tree.
d. lived for a time with Joseph in his hillside cave.
e. was seen talking to and leaving the village with Joseph.
The behavior that produces vocal sounds is called
a. semantics.
b. language.
c. speech.
d. phonology.
e. morphology.
According to Guneratne and Bjork (Village Walks), Tharu villagers preferred tourists
who
a. photographed their houses and children.
b. ignored their tour guides.
c. thought of them (the Tharu) as a primitive tribe.
d. asked them the most questions.
e. arrived in the village by themselves rather than in a tour group.
Like all symbols, vocal symbols must
a. have a referent.
b. occur in minimal pairs.
c. be perceivable by our senses.
d. two of the above.
e. a, b, and c above.
Abu-Lughod (Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving?) argues that Westerners should
a. discover the cultural meanings of Muslim customs in order to change them.
b. follow the principle of cultural relativism, meaning that they discover and respect the
cultural knowledge and behavior of other peoples without trying to change them.
c. try to discover what Muslims want, such as an end to poverty and war, as a way to
help them.
d. try to eradicate the subjugation of Muslim women by eliminating the burqa and
veiling.
e. none of the above
The situation where more than one different culture is part of a larger social aggregate is
called
a. multicultural.
b. cultural diffusion.
c. cultural hybridization.
d. globalization.
e. tourism.
The baseball activity over which players have the least control, according to Gmelch, is
a. pitching.
b. hitting.
c. fielding.
d. bench warming.
e. arguing with the umpire.
In an epilogue to her article (Mother’s Love: Death without Weeping), Nancy
Scheper-Hughes claims that the installation of piped, treated water to all homes in the
shantytown contributed most to the increased survival of infants in Bom Jesus de Mata.
The culturally defined positions associated with particular social structures are labeled
a. roles.
b. statuses.
c. social situations.
d. social groups.
e. events.
The process of making and carrying out public policy through the use of culturally
defined categories and rules is called
a. the political system.
b. legitimacy.
c. coercion.
d. the infra legal system.
e. authority.
Cultural hybridization is the economic incorporation of different parts of the world
into a system based on capitalism, not politics.
Fish argues that scientists, such as psychologists, use the concept of hypo-descent to
choose the physical characteristics that determine biological races.
According to Boxer (The Military Name Game), code names for military operations
originated with the Germans in World War II and were intended to be secret.
Symptoms, such as coughs and diarrhea are the human body’s way of fighting diseases
according to Diamond.
Spradley argues that culture is more like a map, guiding human action, rather than a
strict set of rules requiring specific behavior.
Ehrenreich and Hochschild (Global Women in the New Economy) note that one reason
First World women must hire Third World women as domestics and nannies is that First
World governments have not instituted programs to help them with child care.
According to Stryker (Ethnography in the Public Interest), the ethnographic project she
directed recommended that prisons should eliminate the MTA (medically trained guard)
position.
According to Dubisch (Run for the Wall), the ritual for the soldiers missing in Vietnam
is especially powerful because of the mountainous location of Limon, Colorado.
The !Kung regularly understate their own hunting achievements to avoid looking
arrogant.
Bourgois (Office Work and the Crack Alternative) notes in an addendum to his article
that prosperity in the 1990s increased the number of Puerto Rican men who sold crack
as the price of the drug escalated.
Cultural ecology is the most important form of subsistence strategy.
McCurdy notes that clans are localized organizations of relatives made up of a person’s
close male relatives who are all descended from a known common ancestor.
Multicultural literally means more than one culture but the term is usually applied to
situations where groups with different cultural backgrounds are part of a larger
social aggregate.
According to Abu-Lughod (Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving?), Afghan women
at a Bonn conference would not accept rebuilding Afghanistan without maintaining
their religion.
Bestor (how Sushi Went Global) notes that Japan is still the central market for
internationally caught bluefin tuna and the Japanese have tried to teach American
fishermen and tuna buyers how to judge the quality of tuna that are suitable for the
Japanese market.
According to McCurdy, the term feminal kin refers to the relatives of the men who
women of one’s own line have married, or the relatives of women who have married
men of one’s own line.
According to Dubisch (Run for the Wall), motorcycles are associated with
_____________in American culture.
a cooperation
b. freedom
c. self-reliance
d. two of the above
e. a, b, and c above
According to Patten (Malawi Versus the World Bank), the Malawian farmers responded
to their inability to grow enough food by seeking work in the country’s cities.
An informant is what anthropologists call the individuals from whom they learn a
culture.