Which of the following was provided as a guideline for monitoring?
a. measure only outcomes rather than wasting time trying to assess causal processes
b. develop independent sources of information about the performance of the work unit
c. use prior performance as the primary basis for assessing current performance
d. conduct weekly progress review meetings with each subordinate
Which of the following characteristics of the job or organization is most likely to be a
facilitating condition for the effectiveness of empowerment?
a. cultural values emphasizing reliable, efficient operations
b. repeated transactions in a continuing relationship with customers
c. a competitive strategy of low cost, standard product or service
d. a high degree of standardization and formalization
A special exchange relationship with some subordinates least likely to occur when:
a. the leader has little expertise in how to do the work
b. the leader is overloaded with duties and responsibilities