The contention that ethical standards should reflect the collective views of multiple
societies in establishing a set of universal ethical principles (that are widely recognized
as laying legitimacy to ethical boundaries on actions and behavior in all situations) and
in allowing inclusion of a set of prevailing customary actions of local cultures or groups
(with their traditions and shared values), that further prescribe to what represents
ethically permissible behavior and what does not, constitutes the basic principles of:
A. the school of ethical relativism.
B. the school of ethical universalism.
C. integrated social contracts theory.
D. corporate social responsibility.
E. the triple bottom line.
A work environment where the culture is in sync with the chosen strategy and is
conducive to good strategy execution is considered a valuable managerial ally because:
A. there is much less risk of embarrassing ethical violations.
B. it provides company personnel with clear guidance regarding “how we do things
around here” and produces significant peer pressure from co-workers to conform to
culturally acceptable norms.
C. there is reduced need to incorporate negative motivational practices and
punitive-type incentives into the reward structure and in the company’s approach to
people management.
D. there is reduced need to employ benchmarking, best practice programs,
reengineering, Six Sigma, and TQM to achieve competitive advantage.E. the culture