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Which of the following is true of normative myopia?
a. It occurs when decision makers fail to notice gradual changes over time.
b. It refers to the shortsightedness about values.
c. It occurs only in business.
d. It results from only from focusing failures.
According to Norman Bowie, the 'moral minimum' that we expect of every
person'”either acting as individuals or within corporate institutions'”is:
a. basic spirituality.
b. respect for human rights.
c. contribution to charity.
d. accountability.
Estimates suggest that with present technologies, businesses can readily achieve at least
a fourfold increase in efficiency, and perhaps as much as a tenfold increase. This can be
achieved through the first principle of sustainability known as:
a. biomimicry.
b. eco-efficiency.
c. the cradle-to-cradle responsibility.
d. the take-make-waste model.
Labeling products with such terms as 'environmentally friendly,' 'natural,' 'eco,' 'energy
efficient,' 'biodegradable' and the like can help promote products that have little or no
environmental benefits. This practice is known as:
a. greenskinning.
b. redlining.
c. gentrification.
d. greenwashing.
Like ethics, social sciences such as psychology and sociology also examine human
decision making and actions. However, these fields differ from ethics because they are
_____.
a. normative in nature
b. descriptive in nature
c. persuasive in nature
d. stipulative in nature
According to economist John Kenneth Galbraith, advertising and marketing were
creating the very consumer demand that production then aimed to satisfy. The assertion
that consumer demand relies upon what producers have to sell is termed:
a. the Hawthorne effect.
b. the dependence effect.
c. the reverse channel effect.
d. the supplemental effect.
Which of the following statements about manipulation would a strong believer of the
principle-based ethical tradition most likely support?
a. Cases of paternalistic manipulation, in which someone is manipulated for their own
good, are acceptable.
b. Manipulation executed without deception is acceptable.
c. Even unsuccessful manipulations are guilty of ethical wrong.
d. The ethical consequence of manipulation depends on the personal characteristics of
the manipulator.
Identify the view which holds that people act only out of a self-interest.
a. Altruism
b. Egoism
c. Utilitarianism
d. Libertarianism
Legislators created a form of business called corporations because they thought that
businesses could be more efficient in raising the capital necessary for producing goods,
services, jobs, and wealth if:
a. multiple owners were involved in the strategic decision making process of the firm.
b. there was transparency among all stakeholders.
c. firms had the obligation to justify bad decisions.
d. individuals were protected by limiting the liability of individuals for business
activities.
Which of the following is true about the concept of sustainable development and
sustainable business practice?
a. It suggests a radically new vision for integrating financial and environmental goals,
compared to the growth model that preceded it.
b. According to this concept, only individuals who can prove that they had been harmed
by pollution can raise legal challenges.
c. According to this concept, an economic solution to compensation should be offered
for the harm only after the harm has been done.
d. It focuses only on the costs that businesses incur in pursuing environmental goals.
According to the economic model of corporate social responsibility, the pursuit of profit
will continuously work toward the optimal satisfaction of consumer demand which, in
one interpretation of _____is equivalent to maximizing the overall good.
a. deontological ethics
b. classicism
c. virtue ethics
d. utilitarianism
Which of the following is the objective of the Grayson-Himes Pay for Performance
Act?
a. To ban future 'unreasonable and excessive' compensation at companies receiving
federal bailout money
b. To set up the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board in the wake of
accounting scandals that rocked the private sector
c. To outlaw the practice of backdating of stock options awarded to senior management
d. To set upper limits on executive pay based on average employee salary in all private
sector organizations
Which of the following states in the U.S. requires employers to notify workers when
they are being monitored?
a. Ohio
b. Illinois
c. Michigan
d. Connecticut
Which of the following is true of the sustainability model in terms of environmental
responsibilities?
a. Sustainability need not be a long-term strategy.
b. The huge unmet market potential among the world's developing economies
can only be met in sustainable ways.
c. Sustainable practices lead to reduced cost savings.
d. Firms that follow sustainable practices lose competitive advantage.
The second step in the development of guiding principles for a firm is to:
a. ask oneself what one stands for or what the company stands for.
b. articulate a clear vision regarding the firm's direction.
c. identify clear steps as to how the cultural shift will occur.
d. believe that the culture is actually possible, achievable.
Section 201 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act addresses the:
a. rules of professional responsibility for attorneys.
b. codes of ethics for senior financial officers.
c. management assessment of internal controls.
d. services outside the scope of auditors.
Which of the following is true of gatekeepers?
a. They are not bound to ethical duties.
b. Investors and boards are examples of gatekeepers.
c. They serve as intermediaries between market participants.
d. They are not responsible for ensuring conformance to fairness in the marketplace.
Identify the gatekeepers who ensure that decisions and transactions conform to the law.
a. Accountants
b. Attorneys
c. Auditors
d. Analysts
Which of the following is true about value-based cultures?
a. They emphasize obedience to the rules as the primary responsibility of ethics.
b. They are only as strong and as precise as the rules with which workers are expected
to comply.
c. They reflect the traditional approach of classifying corporate culture.
d. These cultures are perceived to be more flexible and far-sighted corporate
environments.
Which of the following about the regulation of off-work acts in the U.S. is true?
a. Many states ban discrimination on the basis of weight.
b. Laws that protect employees against discrimination based on marital status exist in
just under half of the states.
c. Only a small minority of states protect employees against discrimination on the basis
of political involvement.
d. Lifestyle discrimination tends to be lawful if the imposition of the rule treats one
protected group differently than another.
Consumers are vulnerable when they are not aware that they are subject to a marketing
campaign. This type of campaign is called:
a. imminent marketing.
b. word-of-mouth marketing.
c. network marketing.
d. undercover marketing.
Which of the following are underlying beliefs that cause us to act or to decide one way
rather than another?
a. Patterns
b. Codes
c. Sets
d. Values
_____ refers to cultural issues such as integrity, ethical values, competence, philosophy,
and operating style.
Explain the significance of gatekeepers.
Describe the two elements of ethical values.
Explain the difficulties associated with telling businesses that its ethical responsibilities
end with obedience to the law.
Explain how corporate culture and virtue ethics are related.
The _____ version of utilitarianism would by sympathetic with government regulation
of business on the grounds that such regulation will ensure that business activities do
contribute to the overall good.
The emphasis on producing the greatest good for the greatest number makes _____ a
social philosophy that opposes policies that aim to benefit only a small social,
economic, or political minority.
What are some of the precautions that a firm must take when investing in CSR?
According to philosopher Norman Bowie, _____ is the 'moral minimum' that is
expected of every person,
People endorsing child labor by justifying that it brings in foreign investment within
poor countries are _____.
