Global consumer culture and popular culture are interchangeable terms.
Jason believes that dressing formally (e.g., a coat and tie) marks him as a man who is
“dressed for success”; therefore Jason dresses formally even in class or for casual
occasions. Jason is basing this decision on the cognition part of the ABC model of
attitudes.
According to the retailer’s rule of thumb based on the closure principle, when a sale
catalog is created, the prices (on average) of the products in the catalog should be
reduced by about 20 percent.
When shopping with others, some people are more likely to choose risky alternatives
than they would be if shopping alone. This behavior occurs due to social power of
groups.
How consumers dispose of products can apply to the disposal of ideas just as it does to
products.
The spacing effect describes the tendency for consumers to recall printed material more
effectively when the advertiser repeats the target item repeatedly in a short time period
rather than periodically over a longer time span.
The location of a product’s image on a package influences the way our brains make
sense of it; we perceive objects lower in a frame to be heavier than objects higher in the
frame and objects on the right side of a frame heavier than those on the left side of the
frame.
Social class appears to be a poor predictor of purchases that have symbolic aspects and
low to moderate prices (such as liquor and cosmetics).
Time poverty seems to be more a problem of perception than of fact.
It is common for consumers to describe themselves in terms of the neighborhood or
town from which they come. This is an illustration of the community level of the
extended self.
Shira wants to prove that even the most mundane of objects can be sacralized through
the process of objectification. She should use examples of hoarding to support her
argument.
Motivation can be described in terms of strength and direction.
Consumers are more likely to be aware of stimuli that relate to their current needs. This
is an example of perceptual vigilance.
Behavioral learning theorists do not focus on internal thought processes; rather, they
look to external evidence to study learning. What aspects of the environment are of
most concern to behaviorists in studying learning?
A) energy and work
B) stimulus and response
C) thought and memory
D) sensation and perception
In school, it always seemed as if Kenneth got all the breaks. He had access to all the
right resources, such as special privileges, fancy cars, a large allowance, and dates with
all the beautiful girls. Even at work, he was put on the fast track and got promoted early
to a high-prestige job. It seemed as if Kenneth was artificially ranked higher than
others. The process that best describes what happened to Kenneth is called ________.
A) reference group affiliation
B) bias
C) ascribed status
D) achieved status
The functionally illiterate are a concern to marketers because they ________.
A) depend on brand logos
B) are a protected class
C) tend to live in food deserts
D) participate in social media
Which of the following statements most accurately defines homophily?
A) Homophily is the degree to which a pair of individuals is similar in terms of
education, social status, and beliefs.
B) Homophily is the degree to which a pair of individuals is similar in terms of
monetary wealth and lifestyle.
C) Homophily is the degree to which a pair of individuals is similar in terms of
ethnicity.
D) Homophily is the degree to which a pair of individuals is similar in terms of sexual
orientation.
Latrell finds that every time he goes to select athletic shoes, he always buys the same
brand. In fact, he doesn’t even remember trying on any of the other competitive brands
even though some of these brands have attractive styles and prices. Latrell’s purchase
decision process has become one of less and less effort. Latrell’s decision process is an
example of ________.
A) cognitive dissonance
B) information discrimination
C) cognitive miser behavior
D) inertia
A ________ is defined as a group whose members share beliefs and common
experiences that set them apart from others.
A) culture
B) subculture
C) microculture
D) cohort
On her first visit to China, Jane did not know how to pay for the produce she had
selected at a market. She watched several Chinese women pay for their selections, and
then Jane copied their behavior. In this example, Jane used ________.
A) shaping
B) stimulus discrimination
C) modeling
D) stimulus generalization
Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals established a new campaign for Yaz birth control to
ensure consumers understand that Yaz does not treat PMS, a claim which had been
made in early Yaz advertisements. Bayer is using ________.
A) cooperative advertising
B) subliminal advertising
C) corrective advertising
D) reminder advertising
Simi Ghandi is never quite sure which brand of gum to buy. She tries some, likes some,
and rejects some. However, through a process of behavioral learning she does
remember those brands that taste good and make her mouth feel fresh. The problem is
that she cannot often remember the brands that are not so good and often repeats
purchasing mistakes. “Oh well,” says Simi, “gum buying is not that big of a deal
anyway.” Which of the following hierarchies would best describe Simi’s situation?
A) standard learning hierarchy
B) experiential hierarchy
C) low-involvement hierarchy
D) habit hierarchy
A consumer is most likely to engage in ________ when she is in a good mood or when
she is uninvolved in other activities.
A) inertia
B) cognitive decision-making
C) variety seeking
D) mental accounting
The title of a popular book once proclaimed that Real Men Don’t Eat Quiche. Products
that take on masculine or feminine attributes are said to be ________.
A) agentic
B) sexually explicit
C) sex-typed
D) androgynous
The ________ a group is, the more likely members are to engage in social loafing.
A) more homogeneous
B) smaller
C) bigger
D) less homogeneous
Cash losses due to shoplifting and employee theft are called ________.
A) accounts receivable
B) unrecoverables
C) shrinkage
D) fraud
When marketers embed brand messages in social games, they are seeking to influence
consumer behavior through the ________ determinant of diffusion.
A) social proof
B) observability
C) compatibility
D) trialability
According to the information processing-approach to studying the memory process, in
the ________ stage, information enters in a way the system will recognize it.
A) storage
B) retrieval
C) encoding
D) decoding
The sociological perspective of ________ takes the view that much of consumer
behavior resembles actions in a play.
A) role theory
B) pastiche
C) interpretivism
D) psychographics
Sally believes in protecting the environment and likes the concept of recycling.
However, in her area, it requires a lot of effort for her to recycle. For her to recycle, she
has to sort her items and haul them herself to the recycling center in her town, requiring
a high level of effort. Given this level of effort, how likely is it that Sally will recycle?
A) extremely likely
B) somewhat likely
C) somewhat unlikely
D) level of effort required cannot predict behavior
When is a consumer most likely to engage in cognitive decision-making?
A) This decision mode is most common when the decision is related to the person’s
self-concept and the outcome has a high degree of risk.
B) This decision mode is most common when the decision is related to the person’s past
behavior and product reinforcements.
C) This decision mode is most common when acceptable products are already contained
within the consumer’s evoked set.
D) This decision mode is most common when the decision is related to products that are
considered to have low self-concept involvement.
The fine line between familiarity and boredom has been explained by the ________,
which proposes that two separate psychological processes are operating when a person
is repeatedly exposed to an ad.
A) balance theory
B) repetition theory
C) halo theory
D) two-factor theory
Which theory of attitudes states that people are motivated to take action to resolve
inconsistencies between attitudes and behaviors?
A) theory of cognitive dissonance
B) self-perception theory
C) social judgment theory
D) balance theory
Describe three needs which are important for understanding consumer behavior.
Provide an example of each need and its related consumer behavior.
What is database marketing? Why is it so widely used by today’s marketers?
Why would Amazon.com create a separate e-commerce site for green products?
List the various ways that psychographic segmentation can be used.
Research has shown Kinsei engineering can be an effective way to design products.
Explain how Kinsei engineering works and give an illustration that demonstrates your
understanding.
Explain the concept of deethnicization. Give an example.
Explain the difference between a need and a want, giving an example of each.
Ben is a little nervous about how he will be perceived when he arrives for a job
interview. He got his hair cut and wore his most expensive business suit so he would
appear more like the person the firm would like to hire at the executive level. He knows
that he “cleans up well” and hopes that will compensate for his rather weak resume. In
terms of symbolic interactionism, explain what Ben is doing.
Several processes and outcomes come into play as immigrants adapt to their new
surroundings. List these processes and outcomes and create an example that
demonstrates the linkage between them.