A risk-averse manager is considering two projects. The first is to introduce a new
product; the second is to revamp the production facilities at the existing plant. There is a
20 percent chance a rival will enter the market and an 80 percent chance it will not. If
the rival enters, the firm will lose $20,000 if it introduces the new product, whereas
revamping the production facilities will earn it $50,000 in profits. If the rival does not
enter, the firm will earn $15,000 if it introduces the new product, and revamping the
production facilities will earn net profits of $60,000. What should the manager do?
Why?
An economics professor went out to dinner one night and observed one of her students
drinking heavily. The next day was a final exam. When the professors husband found
out the student was in her class, he said the students behavior was irrational. The
professor disagreed. Under what condition is behavior irrational according to the
properties of consumer behavior discussed in the chapter? What situations could make
the students behavior rational?