Which tactic is more likely to be used in a follow-up influence attempt than in an initial
influence attempt?
a. ingratiation
b. consultation
c. personal appeal
d. pressure
The status and influence accorded an emergent leader depends primarily on:
a. the leader’s social popularity among the members
b. the leader’s control over rewards desired by group members
c. the leader’s seniority among group members
d. the leader’s demonstrated competence and loyalty
Which condition is most likely to encourage ethical behavior in organizations?
a. strong emphasis on individual productivity
b. cultural values for obedience to authority
c. intense competition for valued rewards
d. cultural values for individual responsibility
Which of the following was not mentioned as a reason for high team performance?
a. high collective efficacy for team members
. diverse mental models for team members
c. collective identification of members with the team
d. high level of member skills relevant to the task
Personal identification with the leader:
a. is equally important for transformational and charismatic leadership
b. is not important for either transformational or charismatic leadership
c. is more important for transformational leadership than for charismatic leadership
d. is more important for charismatic leadership than for transformational leadership
In the Multiple Linkage Model, long-term group effectiveness depends primarily on:
a. the leader’s interpersonal skills
b. the leader’s technical skills
c. the leader’s ability to gain more power over subordinates
d. the leader’s ability to make the situation more favorable
Which is not an important behavior in the attribution theory of charismatic leadership?
a. developing subordinate skills
b. acting in unconventional ways
c. making self sacrifices to achieve the vision
a. expressing optimism about the future
What term used to describe the process of learning how to make incremental
improvements in existing products, services, or processes?
a. exploration
b. extrapolation
c. exploitation
d. innovation
Which leadership action is least likely to increase flexibility and innovation in an
organization?
a. set challenging innovation goals for members
b. leverage learning from surprises and failures
c. ensure new knowledge is shared with other members
d. ensure that employees understand the formal policies
What is emphasized more in ethical leadership theories than in transformational
leadership?
a. leader behaviors
b. leader values
c. leader skills
d. leader traits
Which of the following guidelines for recognizing was recommended?
a. provide recognition only for outstanding performance
b. provide more recognition to people in essential, high-visibility jobs
c. actively look for effective behavior or contributions to recognize
d. give praise in private to avoid embarrassing the recipient
Which of the following was not provided as a guideline for developing subordinates?
a. provide constructive feedback about effective and ineffective behavior
b. ask specific questions to help the person analyze his or her performance
c. provide opportunities to learn from experience
d. provide detailed instructions on how to carry out each assignment
Which theory emphasizes the importance for leaders of helping people satisfy their dual
needs for fellowship and transcendence?
a. authentic leadership
b. transforming leadership
c. servant leadership
d. spiritual leadership
Which is most likely to be effective for implementing major change?
a. make followers feel responsible for failure of the old strategy
b. provide opportunities to experience early success in implementing change
c. emphasize the obstacles so followers will not become complacent
d. maintain control over sensitive information about new problems
Studies on how managers perceive poor performance by a subordinate find that they are
most likely to:
a. attribute the cause to external factors such as insufficient resources
b. attribute the cause to internal factors such as motivation or ability
c. attribute the cause to bad luck or random, unpredictable events
d. make an accurate assessment of the cause of poor performance
Which of the following was not mentioned as a promising method to improve equal
opportunity in organizations?
a. train assessors to avoid the effects of gender role stereotypes
b. ensure that relevant criteria are used for promotion decisions
c. offer women mentoring programs that are designed for them
d. select managers randomly from a list of qualified candidates
Research on attributions shows that most people:
a. overestimate the effect leaders have on organizational performance
b. underestimate the effect leaders have on organizational performance
c. accurately assess a leader’s impact on organization performance
d. have no opinion about the effect of leaders on organizational performance
A manager should not delegate tasks that are:
a. symbolically important
b. tedious and unpleasant
c. complex and challenging
d. urgent but not important
Which is the least accurate statement about the outcomes of leadership actions?
a. immediate and delayed outcomes are usually consistent with each other
b. immediate outcomes are easier to predict than end-result outcomes
c. immediate and delayed outcomes are usually interrelated in complex causal chains
d. end-result outcomes are less useful as criteria of leadership effectiveness
Which of the following was not recommended for leaders of decision groups?
a. focus the group discussion on the best two solutions
b. encourage members to look for integrative solutions
c. describe the problem without implying the cause or solution
d. allow ample time for systematic evaluation of ideas
Which of the following is least desirable for a vision?
a. it should include detailed action steps
b. it should be clear and easy to understand
c. it should emphasize ideological objectives
d. it should be bold and ambitious
Which of the following is a cognitive strategy for self management?
a. positive self talk
b. self monitoring
c. cue modification
d. self reward
Most of the leadership theory and research has described:
a. direct leadership
b. ethical leadership
c. informal leadership
d. toxic leadership
According to Cognitive Resources Theory, there is less likely to be a relation between
intelligence and leader effectiveness when:
a. there is a high level of interpersonal stress
b. the task is complex and unstructured
c. the leader has little prior experience with the task
d. the task requires frequent problem solving
Which was not found in the research on leader-member exchange?
a. the LMX relationship with a subordinate continued to improve each year
b. leaders gave more benefits to high LMX subordinates than to low LMX subordinates
c. high LMX subordinates performed better than low LMX subordinates
d. leaders delegated more to high LMX subordinates than to low LMX subordinates