45) What is the name of the policy in Australia that promoted immigration from Europe and
North America at the expense of other groups?
A) Anglo Australia Policy
B) White Australia Policy
C) British Commonwealth Immigration Initiative
D) Australia for Australians
E) Pure Australia Policy
46) Which of the following areas of Australia/Oceania has NOT been affected by mining?
A) Australia
B) Hawaii
C) Papua New Guinea
D) New Caledonia
E) Nauru
47) What is the most urbanized country in the Australia/Oceania region?
A) Australia
B) Samoa
C) Vanuatu
D) New Caledonia
E) Marshall Islands
48) What is New Zealand’s most important commercial livestock?
A) cattle
B) hogs
C) kangaroos
D) llamas
E) sheep
49) Where did Australia’s Aborigine population originate?
A) New Zealand
B) Southern Asia
C) Eastern Asia
D) Polynesia
E) Latin America
50) When Europeans arrived in Australia, what livelihood was most important to the Aborigines?
A) fishing
B) pastoral nomadism
C) hunting and gathering
D) plantation agriculture
E) swidden
51) Besides Indigenous Fijians, what other dominant ethnic group is in Fiji?
A) South Asians
B) Maoris
C) Aborigines
D) Chinese
E) Europeans
52) What was the purpose of the White Australia Policy?
A) to promote the emigration of Australians who were of European descent to other nations in
the South Pacific
B) to encourage Australians of European descent to migrate from Australia’s densely settled east
coast to the more sparsely settled interior and west coast
C) It was an ethnic isolationist policy established by the Australian government, which sought to
place the country’s entire aboriginal population on reservation-like holdings in the far western
portion of the country.
D) to promote immigration of (white) North Americans and Europeans to Australia
E) to clean up the country’s white sand beaches, which had been seriously polluted by mining
53) Who are “uncontacted peoples”?
A) people who do not have Internet hook-ups
B) people who do not have telephones
C) people who do not have access to television
D) cultural groups that have yet to be “discovered” by the Western world
E) cultural groups, like the Maroons in Latin America, who make a point of living away from
major population centers
54) Why did South Asians migrate to Fiji?
A) They had committed crimes in India, and came as prisoners.
B) to fill labor shortages in the sugarcane fields
C) They came to colonize Fiji.
D) They were fleeing civil war in India.
E) They came as a result of a government policy in India to relieve overcrowding.
55) What is the situation today between indigenous Fijians and Indo-Fijians in Fiji?
A) The two groups coexist peacefully.
B) Ethnic tensions exist between the two groups.
C) Intermarriage between the two groups is common.
D) The Indo-Fijians have enslaved the indigenous Fijians.
E) The indigenous Fijians have enslaved the Indo-Fijians.
56) Which statement is FALSE about Australia’s indigenous Aborigines?
A) Indigenous people account for 2% of Australia’s population.
B) Aborigines account for 30% of the Northern Territory’s population.
C) Aboriginal populations have stayed the same in numbers, but have differed in geographic
residence.
D) More than 70% of Aborigines live in cities.
E) Thirteen percent of Aborigines still speak a native language.
57) What country is the largest source of Australia’s immigration?
A) Great Britain
B) France
C) United States
D) China
E) Indonesia
58) What sport is NOT mentioned as a mark of colonial influence?
A) netball
B) tennis
C) field hockey
D) rugby
E) football
59) Where did European colonization of Australia and Oceania begin?
A) New Zealand‘s North Island
B) Australia
C) the Cook Islands
D) the Marshall Islands
E) Fiji
60) In which part of Australia is most viticulture concentrated?
A) in the Northern Territory
B) just outside of Sydney
C) along the continent’s southwestern tip
D) in the continent’s interior
E) in the Outback
61) What are kanakas?
A) Pacific Island laborers who worked on the plantations in Australia
B) shepherds from Fiji who worked on the sheep farms of New Zealand
C) people from the Marshall Islands who were harmed by the nuclear tests there
D) an indigenous ethnic group on Bora Bora
E) high ranking members of the Maori group
62) Where in Australia/Oceania do anthropologists have the greatest chance of finding
“uncontacted peoples”?
A) Australia
B) New Zealand
C) Fiji
D) New Guinea
E) Tasmania
63) About how many different languages have been identified in Papua New Guinea?
A) 1
B) 30
C) 200
D) 350
E) 1,000
64) Which of the following is a major player seeking to expand influence in Oceania?
A) United States
B) China
C) Japan
D) France
E) All of these countries are seeking to expand influence in Oceania.
65) What was the purpose of the Native Title Bill, which became law in Australia in 1993?
A) to restrain the autonomy of Australia’s aboriginal population
B) to establish an aboriginal state in the northeastern portion of Western Australia
C) to grant Australia’s aboriginal population the state of Tasmania
D) to grant Australia’s aboriginal population the right to establish gambling operations on their
lands
E) to give Australia’s aboriginal population greater control over sacred lands
66) What strategy has been valuable to both Maoris and Aborigines in their efforts to gain
greater control over their ancestral land and resources?
A) acts of terrorism
B) consumer boycotts
C) bribery
D) the political process
E) civil disobedience
67) Which country of Australia/Oceania is known by its indigenous people as Aotearoa?
A) Australia
B) Fiji
C) New Zealand
D) Tasmania
E) New Caledonia
68) Using the graphic below, what subregion of Australia and Oceania is undergoing ethnic and
political conflict?
A) Australia
B) New Zealand
C) Federated States of Micronesia
D) New Caledonia
E) Marshall Islands
69) Australia is the world’s largest exporter of what?
A) aluminum ore
B) copper
C) iron and coal
D) gold
E) nickel
70) What economic activity is most important for Australia’s economy?
A) high technology
B) tourism
C) wool production
D) mining
E) movies
71) What product is mined extensively on the island of Nauru in Micronesia?
A) gold
B) phosphates
C) lead
D) copper
E) iron ore
72) Ninety percent of working tuna boats inside the Exclusive Economic Zones of southern
Oceania come from all of these countries EXCEPT
A) China.
B) the United States.
C) Japan.
D) India.
E) South Korea.
73) What of the following is INCORRECT regarding Australians and New Zealanders?
A) low quality health care
B) 80–year life spans
C) lower child mortality since 1960
D) increased cancer and heart disease
E) high levels of alcoholism
74) What is Australia’s main export to China?
A) textiles
B) consumer goods
C) information technology
D) iron ore
E) lumber
75) Where are Australia’s largest copper, silver, lead, and gold mines located?
A) in South Australia
B) in the Northern Territory
C) in Victoria
D) in New South Wales and Queensland
E) along the southwest coast
76) What is New Zealand’s current economic strategy?
A) It is a socialist state.
B) It is one of the most market-oriented countries in the world.
C) It is a highly regulated economy.
D) It seeks to strike a balance between market-orientation and appropriate regulation.
E) Most industries are owned by the government.
77) Recently, Papua New Guinea has diversified its economy from the export of coconut
products and coffee to include what other product?
A) silicon chips
B) copper and gold
C) tropical hardwoods and forest products
D) cattle
E) sheep
78) What is the least developed and poorest part of Oceania?
A) Micronesia
B) Polynesia
C) Melanesia
D) Tasmania
E) New Zealand
79) How much of Hawaii’s economy flows directly from tourist dollars?
A) about 1/5
B) about 1/4
C) about 1/3
D) about 1/2
E) about 2/3
80) What country in Oceania is a favorite of tourists from Japan and Korea?
A) Guam
B) Bora Bora
C) French Polynesia
D) Hawaii
E) Tonga
81) Which of the following places exports the most manufactured goods to Australia?
A) Saudi Arabia
B) United States
C) European Union
D) Africa
E) New Zealand
82) What did the Closer Economic Relations Agreement of 1982 do?
A) taxed imports to New Zealand
B) taxed imports to Australia
C) established a uniform tax between Australia and New Zealand
D) eliminated trade barriers between Australia and New Zealand
E) increased exports to China
83) Using the graphic below, what region of Oahu experiences the highest percent population in
poverty?
A) central Oahu
B) southern Oahu
C) northern Oahu
D) eastern Oahu
E) western Oahu
84) What were the gender consequences of colonialism on Maori women?
A) Missionary schools enforced the idea of female domesticity.
B) New Zealand law required Maori women to undergo legal marriage ceremonies that gave
property ownership to males.
C) Maori proverbs were rewritten to emphasize males.
D) Maori women no longer participate in haka war dances.
E) All of these answer choices are correct.
85) Briefly describe the differences in location of the following places:
Polynesia
Melanesia
Micronesia
86) Briefly describe some of the region’s efforts at combating climate change.
87) Australia and Oceania face numerous environmental risks. Write an essay in which you
describe and assess the severity of these problems.
88) Describe the evolution of an island in Oceania from magma welling up at a hot spot through
the atoll stage.
89) Briefly describe the origins and movement of the regions native populations from Southeast
Asia.
90) What is Pidgin English and why is it important?
91) Discuss the tensions that exist between indigenous Fijians and the more recent South Asian
immigrant population.
92) What do climate change and nuclear testing have to do with the past and the future of
Oceania?
93) What are the important sectors of Australia’s economy?
94) Explain the different development paths taken by the countries of Oceania?
95) What are the social conditions of Aborigines and Maoris as compared to whites in Australia
and New Zealand? How do the social conditions of Aborigines differ from those of Maoris in
New Zealand?
96) Discuss the issues of Native rights in Australia, New Zealand and Hawaii. What are the
similarities and what are the differences?