72) What does MDC stand for?
A) major democratic countries
B) minor democratic countries
C) more democratic country
D) more developed country
E) member of the democratic commonwealth
73) How does Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) adjust Gross National Income per capita?
A) PPP takes into account the age and productivity of the local populations.
B) PPP takes into account the rise and fall of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.
C) PPP takes into account the 2008-2009 economic decline.
D) PPP takes into account the strength or weakness of local currencies.
E) It is a composite indicator that takes into account all of the above features.
74) Countries from this region score the lowest on the Human Development Index.
A) South Asia
B) East Asia
C) Sub–Saharan Africa
D) Latin America
E) Southeast Asia
75) According to the core-periphery model, which of the following countries is part of the core?
A) Japan
B) India
C) China
D) Brazil
E) Indonesia
76) What does Gross National Income (GNI) measure?
A) the value of all final goods and services produced in a country
B) the value of all final goods and services produced in a country plus the net income from
abroad
C) the value of all final goods and services produced in a country plus the net income from
abroad, taking into account nonmarket economic activity
D) the value of all final goods and services produced in a country, including all nonmarket
economic activities
E) the value of a country’s stock market
77) What is the primary value of using GNI per capita, rather than GNI?
A) GNI per capita is readily available on the Internet.
B) It permits a valid comparison of the GNI of countries regardless of the difference in
population size.
C) GNI per capita includes the value of the informal sector of a country.
D) GNI per capita takes into account the value of each country’s stock exchange.
E) all of the above
78) What does the Economic Growth Rate measure?
A) the annual rate of expansion for Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
B) average annual rate of growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
C) the annual rate of expansion for the New York Stock Exchange
D) the annual rate of expansion for Gross National Income (GNI)
E) It is a composite indicator that measures all of the above.
79) Which of the following is NOT an indicator of social development?
A) life expectancy
B) under age 5 mortality rate
C) adult literacy rate
D) infant mortality rate
E) population density
80) Which of the following is NOT likely to be reflected in the “under age 5 mortality
indicator?”
A) heart disease
B) food availability
C) basic health services
D) public sanitation
E) accidents
81) Which measure represents the international definition of poverty?
A) total fertility rate
B) under age 5 mortality
C) percentage of the population living on less than $2 per day
D) gender equity
E) GDP average annual percent growth
82) Why are “growth” and “development” NOT interchangeable terms?
A) “Growth” normally refers to improvements, while “development” usually refers to an increase
in the size of a system.
B) “Growth” normally refers to the economic system, while “development” normally refers to
the political system in a country.
C) “Growth” normally refers to the standard of living, while “development” normally refers to
the economic system in a country.
D) “Growth” normally refers to the increase in agricultural output, while “development” usually
refers to the improvement in the educational system of a country.
E) “Growth” normally refers to increase in the size of the system, while “development” usually
refers to improvements.
83) According to the core-periphery model, which of the following countries is part of the
periphery?
A) United States
B) Canada
C) Japan
D) United Kingdom
E) India
84) What is the major underlying assumption of the core-periphery model?
A) that the wealth of the developed core will eventually diffuse to the less developed periphery
B) that the different levels of development between the core and the periphery are caused by the
relative levels of natural resources in each area
C) that the less developed periphery will eventually revolt against the wealthier core
D) that the developed core achieved its wealth primarily by taking advantage of the southern
periphery, through either colonialism or imperialism
E) that the core and periphery will work together to eliminate uneven development
85) If the less developed world is called “The Third World,” then what are “The First World” and
“The Second World”?
A) The wealthiest countries are the First World; the middle-income countries are the Second
World.
B) Capitalist, democratic countries are the First World; communist countries are the Second
World.
C) Countries of the Americas are the First World; countries of Eurasia are the Second World.
D) The world leaders in technology comprise the First World; the world leaders in natural
resources comprise the Second World.
E) There are no First and Second Worlds; the “Third World” designation is merely an indication
of how poor these less developed countries are.
86) What does Gross Domestic Product measure?
A) the value of all final goods and services produced in a country
B) the value of all final goods and services produced in a country plus the net income from
abroad
C) the value of all final goods and services produced in a country plus the net income from
abroad, taking into account nonmarket economic activity
D) the value of all final goods and services produced in a country, including all nonmarket
economic activities
E) the value of a country’s stock market
87) According to advocates of globalization, what are the perceived advantages of globalization?
88) Compare and contrast the arguments for and against globalization. In your opinion, is
globalization good for the world? Is it good for your region? Why, or why not?
89) Write an essay in which you discuss the various aspects that geographers examine in urban
settlements.
90) Describe the demographic statistics and measurements used in the text to examine and
compare populations.
91) Briefly explain the following terms:
Natural Population Increase
Crude Birth Rate
Crude Death Rate
Total Fertility Rate
92) Briefly explain the following terms:
Demographic Transition
Life Expectancy
Population Pyramid
93) Explain the push and pull factors that influence migration. How does that affect net
migration?
94) What is cultural imperialism? How prevalent has it been, and with what impacts? Is it more
prevalent now than 100 years ago?
95) Culture is an important aspect of the human experience. Define the term and then discuss and
analyze the four categories of culture presented in the text, along with an examination of the
phenomenon of cultural imperialism.
96) Explain the following terms:
Cultural Imperialism
Cultural Nationalism
Cultural Hybrids
97) How do universalizing religions differ from ethnic religions?
98) Using the graphic below, write an essay in which you discuss the spatial representation of
gay rights.
99) Discuss how global terrorism has forced geographers to redefine and expand our
conceptualization of globalization and geopolitics.
100) Discuss the history of colonialism and how it has evolved into neocolonialism.
101) What is GNP and what are its shortcomings as an indicator of economic development and
social well–being?