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Ch 06 Risk and Return
d.
The combined portfolio's standard deviation will be equal to a simple average of the two portfolios' standard
deviations, 25%.
e.
The combined portfolio's expected return will be less than the simple weighted average of the expected returns
of the two individual portfolios, 10.0%.
72. The two stocks in your portfolio, X and Y, have independent returns, so the correlation between them, rXY is zero.
Your portfolio consists of $50,000 invested in Stock X and $50,000 invested in Stock Y. Both stocks have an expected
return of 15%, betas of 1.6, and standard deviations of 30%. Which of the following statements best describes the
characteristics of your 2-stock portfolio?
a.
Your portfolio has a standard deviation less than 30%, and its beta is greater than 1.6.
b.
Your portfolio has a beta equal to 1.6, and its expected return is 15%.
c.
Your portfolio has a beta greater than 1.6, and its expected return is greater than 15%.
d.
Your portfolio has a standard deviation greater than 30% and a beta equal to 1.6.
e.
Your portfolio has a standard deviation of 30%, and its expected return is 15%.
Ch 06 Risk and Return
73. Which of the following is most likely to occur as you add randomly selected stocks to your portfolio, which currently
consists of 3 average stocks?
a.
The expected return of your portfolio is likely to decline.
b.
The diversifiable risk will remain the same, but the market risk will likely decline.
c.
Both the diversifiable risk and the market risk of your portfolio are likely to decline.
d.
The total risk of your portfolio should decline, and as a result, the expected rate of return on the portfolio
should also decline.
e.
The diversifiable risk of your portfolio will likely decline, but the expected market risk should not change.
74. Ann has a portfolio of 20 average stocks, and Tom has a portfolio of 2 average stocks. Assuming the market is in
equilibrium, which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a.
The required return on Ann's portfolio will be lower than that on Tom's portfolio because Ann's portfolio will
have less total risk.
b.
Tom's portfolio will have more diversifiable risk, the same market risk, and thus more total risk than Ann's
portfolio, but the required (and expected) returns will be the same on both portfolios.
c.
If the two portfolios have the same beta, their required returns will be the same, but Ann's portfolio will have
less market risk than Tom's.
d.
The expected return on Jane's portfolio must be lower than the expected return on Dick's portfolio because
Ch 06 Risk and Return
Jane is more diversified.
e.
Ann's portfolio will have less diversifiable risk and also less market risk than Tom's portfolio.
75. Stocks A and B are quite similar: Each has an expected return of 12%, a beta of 1.2, and a standard deviation of 25%.
The returns on the two stocks have a correlation of 0.6. Portfolio P has 50% in Stock A and 50% in Stock B. Which of the
following statements is CORRECT?
a.
Portfolio P has a standard deviation that is greater than 25%.
b.
Portfolio P has an expected return that is less than 12%.
c.
Portfolio P has a standard deviation that is less than 25%.
d.
Portfolio P has a beta that is less than 1.2.
e.
Portfolio P has a beta that is greater than 1.2.
Ch 06 Risk and Return
76. Stocks A, B, and C are similar in some respects: Each has an expected return of 10% and a standard deviation of 25%.
Stocks A and B have returns that are independent of one another; i.e., their correlation coefficient, r, equals zero. Stocks A
and C have returns that are negatively correlated with one another; i.e., r is less than 0. Portfolio AB is a portfolio with
half of its money invested in Stock A and half in Stock B. Portfolio AC is a portfolio with half of its money invested in
Stock A and half invested in Stock C. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a.
Portfolio AC has an expected return that is greater than 25%.
b.
Portfolio AB has a standard deviation that is greater than 25%.
c.
Portfolio AB has a standard deviation that is equal to 25%.
d.
Portfolio AC has a standard deviation that is less than 25%.
e.
Portfolio AC has an expected return that is less than 10%.
77. Stocks A and B each have an expected return of 15%, a standard deviation of 20%, and a beta of 1.2. The returns on
the two stocks have a correlation coefficient of +0.6. Your portfolio consists of 50% A and 50% B. Which of the
following statements is CORRECT?
a.
The portfolio's expected return is 15%.
b.
The portfolio's standard deviation is greater than 20%.
c.
The portfolio's beta is greater than 1.2.
d.
The portfolio's standard deviation is 20%.
e.
The portfolio's beta is less than 1.2.
Ch 06 Risk and Return
78. Stock A has a beta of 0.8, Stock B has a beta of 1.0, and Stock C has a beta of 1.2. Portfolio P has 1/3 of its value
invested in each stock. Each stock has a standard deviation of 25%, and their returns are independent of one another, i.e.,
the correlation coefficients between each pair of stocks is zero. Assuming the market is in equilibrium, which of the
following statements is CORRECT?
a.
Portfolio P's expected return is equal to the expected return on Stock A.
b.
Portfolio P's expected return is less than the expected return on Stock B.
c.
Portfolio P's expected return is equal to the expected return on Stock B.
d.
Portfolio P's expected return is greater than the expected return on Stock C.
e.
Portfolio P's expected return is greater than the expected return on Stock B.
Ch 06 Risk and Return
79. In a portfolio of three randomly selected stocks, which of the following could NOT be true; i.e., which statement is
false?
a.
The standard deviation of the portfolio is greater than the standard deviation of one or two of the stocks.
b.
The beta of the portfolio is lower than the lowest of the three betas.
c.
The beta of the portfolio is equal to one of the three stock's betas.
d.
The beta of the portfolio is equal to 1.
e.
The standard deviation of the portfolio is less than the standard deviation of each of the stocks if they were
held in isolation.
80. Stock A has a beta = 0.8, while Stock B has a beta = 1.6. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a.
If the marginal investor becomes more risk averse, the required return on Stock B will increase by more than
the required return on Stock A.
b.
An equally weighted portfolio of Stocks A and B will have a beta lower than 1.2.
c.
If the marginal investor becomes more risk averse, the required return on Stock A will increase by more than
the required return on Stock B.
d.
If the risk-free rate increases but the market risk premium remains constant, the required return on Stock A
will increase by more than that on Stock B.
e.
Stock B's required return is double that of Stock A's.
Ch 06 Risk and Return
81. Stock A has an expected return of 12%, a beta of 1.2, and a standard deviation of 20%. Stock B also has a beta of 1.2,
but its expected return is 10% and its standard deviation is 15%. Portfolio AB has $300,000 invested in Stock A and
$100,000 invested in Stock B. The correlation between the two stocks' returns is zero (that is, rA,B = 0). Which of the
following statements is CORRECT?
a.
The stocks are not in equilibrium based on the CAPM; if A is valued correctly, then B is overvalued.
b.
The stocks are not in equilibrium based on the CAPM; if A is valued correctly, then B is undervalued.
c.
Portfolio AB's expected return is 11.0%.
d.
Portfolio AB's beta is less than 1.2.
e.
Portfolio AB's standard deviation is 17.5%.
82. You have a portfolio P that consists of 50% Stock X and 50% Stock Y. Stock X has a beta of 0.7 and Stock Y has a
beta of 1.3. The standard deviation of each stock's returns is 20%. The stocks' returns are independent of each other, i.e.,
Ch 06 Risk and Return
the correlation coefficient, r, between them is zero. Given this information, which of the following statements is
CORRECT?
a.
The required return on Portfolio P is equal to the market risk premium (rM − rRF).
b.
Portfolio P has a beta of 0.7.
c.
Portfolio P has a beta of 1.0 and a required return that is equal to the riskless rate, rRF.
d.
Portfolio P has the same required return as the market (rM).
e.
Portfolio P has a standard deviation of 20%.
83. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? (Assume that the risk-free rate is a constant.)
a.
The effect of a change in the market risk premium depends on the slope of the yield curve.
b.
If the market risk premium increases by 1%, then the required return on all stocks will rise by 1%.
c.
If the market risk premium increases by 1%, then the required return will increase by 1% for a stock that has a
beta of 1.0.
d.
The effect of a change in the market risk premium depends on the level of the risk-free rate.
e.
If the market risk premium increases by 1%, then the required return will increase for stocks that have a beta
greater than 1.0, but it will decrease for stocks that have a beta less than 1.0.
Ch 06 Risk and Return
84. In historical data, we see that investments with the highest average annual returns also tend to have the highest
standard deviations of annual returns. This observation supports the notion that there is a positive correlation between risk
and return. Which of the following answers correctly ranks investments from highest to lowest risk (and return), where the
security with the highest risk is shown first, the one with the lowest risk last?
a.
Large-company stocks, small-company stocks, long-term corporate bonds, U.S. Treasury bills, long-term
government bonds.
b.
Small-company stocks, large-company stocks, long-term corporate bonds, long-term government bonds, U.S.
Treasury bills.
c.
U.S. Treasury bills, long-term government bonds, long-term corporate bonds, small-company stocks, large-
company stocks.
d.
Large-company stocks, small-company stocks, long-term corporate bonds, long-term government bonds, U.S.
Treasury bills.
e.
Small-company stocks, long-term corporate bonds, large-company stocks, long-term government bonds, U.S.
Treasury bills.
85. Suppose that during the coming year, the risk free rate, rRF, is expected to remain the same, while the market risk
Ch 06 Risk and Return
premium (rM − rRF), is expected to fall. Given this forecast, which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a.
The required return on all stocks will remain unchanged.
b.
The required return will fall for all stocks, but it will fall more for stocks with higher betas.
c.
The required return for all stocks will fall by the same amount.
d.
The required return will fall for all stocks, but it will fall less for stocks with higher betas.
e.
The required return will increase for stocks with a beta less than 1.0 and will decrease for stocks with a beta
greater than 1.0.
86. The risk-free rate is 6%; Stock A has a beta of 1.0; Stock B has a beta of 2.0; and the market risk premium, rM − rRF,
is positive. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a.
Stock B's required rate of return is twice that of Stock A.
b.
If Stock A's required return is 11%, then the market risk premium is 5%.
c.
If Stock B's required return is 11%, then the market risk premium is 5%.
d.
If the risk-free rate remains constant but the market risk premium increases, Stock A's required return will
increase by more than Stock B's.
e.
If the risk-free rate increases but the market risk premium stays unchanged, Stock B's required return will
increase by more than Stock A's.
Ch 06 Risk and Return
87. Assume that in recent years both expected inflation and the market risk premium (rM − rRF) have declined. Assume
also that all stocks have positive betas. Which of the following would be most likely to have occurred as a result of these
changes?
a.
The required returns on all stocks have fallen, but the fall has been greater for stocks with higher betas.
b.
The average required return on the market, rM, has remained constant, but the required returns have fallen for
stocks that have betas greater than 1.0.
c.
Required returns have increased for stocks with betas greater than 1.0 but have declined for stocks with betas
less than 1.0.
d.
The required returns on all stocks have fallen by the same amount.
e.
The required returns on all stocks have fallen, but the decline has been greater for stocks with lower betas.
88. Assume that the risk-free rate is 5%. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a.
If a stock's beta doubled, its required return under the CAPM would also double.
b.
If a stock's beta doubled, its required return under the CAPM would more than double.
Ch 06 Risk and Return
c.
If a stock's beta were 1.0, its required return under the CAPM would be 5%.
d.
If a stock's beta were less than 1.0, its required return under the CAPM would be less than 5%.
e.
If a stock has a negative beta, its required return under the CAPM would be less than 5%.
89. Stock LB has a beta of 0.5 and Stock HB has a beta of 1.5. The market is in equilibrium, with required returns
equaling expected returns. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a.
If both expected inflation and the market risk premium (rM − rRF) increase, the required return on Stock HB
will increase by more than that on Stock LB.
b.
If both expected inflation and the market risk premium (rM − rRF) increase, the required returns of both stocks
will increase by the same amount.
c.
Since the market is in equilibrium, the required returns of the two stocks should be the same.
d.
If expected inflation remains constant but the market risk premium (rM − rRF) declines, the required return of
Stock HB will decline but the required return of Stock LB will increase.
e.
If expected inflation remains constant but the market risk premium (rM − rRF) declines, the required return of
Stock LB will decline but the required return of Stock HB will increase.
Ch 06 Risk and Return
90. Portfolio P has equal amounts invested in each of the three stocks, A, B, and C. Stock A has a beta of 0.8, Stock B has
a beta of 1.0, and Stock C has a beta of 1.2. Each of the stocks has a standard deviation of 25%. The returns on the three
stocks are independent of one another (i.e., the correlation coefficients all equal zero). Assume that there is an increase in
the market risk premium, but the risk-free rate remains unchanged. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a.
The required return on Stock A will increase by less than the increase in the market risk premium, while the
required return on Stock C will increase by more than the increase in the market risk premium.
b.
The required return on the average stock will remain unchanged, but the returns of riskier stocks (such as
Stock C) will increase while the returns of safer stocks (such as Stock A) will decrease.
c.
The required returns on all three stocks will increase by the amount of the increase in the market risk premium.
d.
The required return on the average stock will remain unchanged, but the returns on riskier stocks (such as
Stock C) will decrease while the returns on safer stocks (such as Stock A) will increase.
e.
The required return of all stocks will remain unchanged since there was no change in their betas.
91. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a.
Other things held constant, if investors suddenly become convinced that there will be deflation in the
economy, then the required returns on all stocks should increase.
b.
If a company's beta were cut in half, then its required rate of return would also be halved.
Ch 06 Risk and Return
c.
If the risk-free rate rises by 0.5% but the market risk premium declines by that same amount, then the required
rates of return on stocks with betas less than 1.0 will decline while returns on stocks with betas above 1.0 will
increase.
d.
If the risk-free rate rises by 0.5% but the market risk premium declines by that same amount, then the required
rate of return on an average stock will remain unchanged, but required returns on stocks with betas less than
1.0 will rise.
e.
If a company's beta doubles, then its required rate of return will also double.
92. Assume that the risk-free rate is 6% and the market risk premium is 5%. Given this information, which of the
following statements is CORRECT?
a.
If a stock has a negative beta, its required return must also be negative.
b.
An index fund with beta = 1.0 should have a required return less than 11%.
c.
If a stock's beta doubles, its required return must also double.
d.
An index fund with beta = 1.0 should have a required return greater than 11%.
e.
An index fund with beta = 1.0 should have a required return of 11%.
Ch 06 Risk and Return
93. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a.
Lower beta stocks have higher required returns.
b.
A stock's beta indicates its diversifiable risk.
c.
Diversifiable risk cannot be completely diversified away.
d.
Two securities with the same stand-alone risk must have the same betas.
e.
The slope of the security market line is equal to the market risk premium.
94. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a.
If the risk-free rate rises, then the market risk premium must also rise.
b.
If a company's beta is halved, then its required return will also be halved.
c.
If a company's beta doubles, then its required return will also double.
d.
The slope of the security market line is equal to the market risk premium, (rM − rRF).
e.
Beta is measured by the slope of the security market line.
Ch 06 Risk and Return
95. Portfolio P has $200,000 consisting of $100,000 invested in Stock A and $100,000 in Stock B. Stock A has a beta of
1.2 and a standard deviation of 20%. Stock B has a beta of 0.8 and a standard deviation of 25%. Which of the following
statements is CORRECT? (Assume that the stocks are in equilibrium.)
a.
Stock B has a higher required rate of return than Stock A.
b.
Portfolio P has a standard deviation of 22.5%.
c.
More information is needed to determine the portfolio's beta.
d.
Portfolio P has a beta of 1.0.
e.
Stock A's returns are less highly correlated with the returns on most other stocks than are B's returns.
Ch 06 Risk and Return
96. Dixon Food's stock has a beta of 1.4, while Clark Café's stock has a beta of 0.7. Assume that the risk-free rate, rRF, is
5.5% and the market risk premium, (rM − rRF), equals 4%. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a.
If the market risk premium increases but the risk-free rate remains unchanged, Dixon's required return will
increase because it has a beta greater than 1.0 but Clark's required return will decline because it has a beta less
than 1.0.
b.
Since Dixon's beta is twice that of Clark's, its required rate of return will also be twice that of Clark's.
c.
If the risk-free rate increases while the market risk premium remains constant, then the required return on an
average stock will increase.
d.
If the market risk premium decreases but the risk-free rate remains unchanged, Dixon's required return will
decrease because it has a beta greater than 1.0 and Clark's will also decrease, but by more than Dixon's
because it has a beta less than 1.0.
e.
If the risk-free rate increases but the market risk premium remains unchanged, the required return will increase
for both stocks but the increase will be larger for Dixon since it has a higher beta.
97. Stock X has a beta of 0.6, while Stock Y has a beta of 1.4. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a.
Stock Y must have a higher expected return and a higher standard deviation than Stock X.
b.
If expected inflation increases but the market risk premium is unchanged, then the required return on both
stocks will fall by the same amount.
c.
If the market risk premium declines but expected inflation is unchanged, the required return on both stocks
will decrease, but the decrease will be greater for Stock Y.
d.
If expected inflation declines but the market risk premium is unchanged, then the required return on both
stocks will decrease but the decrease will be greater for Stock Y.
e.
A portfolio consisting of $50,000 invested in Stock X and $50,000 invested in Stock Y will have a required
return that exceeds that of the overall market.
Ch 06 Risk and Return
98. Stock A has a beta of 0.8 and Stock B has a beta of 1.2. 50% of Portfolio P is invested in Stock A and 50% is invested
in Stock B. If the market risk premium (rM − rRF) were to increase but the risk-free rate (rRF) remained constant, which of
the following would occur?
a.
The required return would decrease by the same amount for both Stock A and Stock B.
b.
The required return would increase for Stock A but decrease for Stock B.
c.
The required return on Portfolio P would remain unchanged.
d.
The required return would increase for Stock B but decrease for Stock A.
e.
The required return would increase for both stocks but the increase would be greater for Stock B than for
Stock A.
Ch 06 Risk and Return
99. Stock A has a beta of 0.7, whereas Stock B has a beta of 1.3. Portfolio P has 50% invested in both A and B. Which of
the following would occur if the market risk premium increased by 1% but the risk-free rate remained constant?
a.
The required return on both stocks would increase by 1%.
b.
The required return on Portfolio P would remain unchanged.
c.
The required return on Stock A would increase by more than 1%, while the return on Stock B would increase
by less than 1%.
d.
The required return for Stock A would fall, but the required return for Stock B would increase.
e.
The required return on Portfolio P would increase by 1%.
100. Assume that the risk-free rate remains constant, but the market risk premium declines. Which of the following is
most likely to occur?
a.
The required return on a stock with beta > 1.0 will increase.
b.
The return on "the market" will remain constant.
c.
The return on "the market" will increase.
d.
The required return on a stock with beta < 1.0 will decline.
e.
The required return on a stock with beta = 1.0 will not change.
Ch 06 Risk and Return
101. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a.
The SML shows the relationship between companies' required returns and their diversifiable risks. The slope
and intercept of this line cannot be influenced by a firm's managers, but the position of the company on the
line can be influenced by its managers.
b.
Suppose you plotted the returns of a given stock against those of the market, and you found that the slope of
the regression line was negative. The CAPM would indicate that the required rate of return on the stock should
be less than the risk-free rate for a well-diversified investor, assuming investors expect the observed
relationship to continue on into the future.
c.
If investors become less risk averse, the slope of the Security Market Line will increase.
d.
If a company increases its use of debt, this is likely to cause the slope of its SML to increase, indicating a
higher required return on the stock.
e.
The slope of the SML is determined by the value of beta.
102. How would the Security Market Line be affected, other things held constant, if the expected inflation rate decreases
and investors also become more risk averse?
a.
The x-axis intercept would decline, and the slope would increase.
