c. is owned by members of the individual Federal Reserve Banks
d. has been reserved for purchase of the U.S. Treasury
Which of the following costs serves to compensate the lender for loss of liquidity?
a. administrative costs of making the loan
b. cost of paying for the risk involved
c. cost to offset the likelihood of inflation
d. cost for use of money during the period of the loan
All of the following statements are correct except:
a. The tax deductibility of debt becomes less important to firms with large nondebt tax
shields such as foreign tax credits granted by the U.S. government to firms that pay
taxes to foreign governments.
b. As the debt/total asset ratio rises, or as earnings become more volatile, the firm will
face higher borrowing costs, driven upward by bond investors requiring higher yields to
compensate for additional risk.
c. The static tradeoff hypothesis states that firms will balance the advantages of debt (its
lower cost and tax-deductibility of interest) with its disadvantages (greater possibility of
bankruptcy and the value of explicit and implicit bankruptcy costs).
d. Agency costs reduce the optimal level of debt financing for a firm below the level
that would be appropriate if agency costs were zero.