that the firm with the higher total debt to total capital ratio will have the lower TIE
ratio, as that ratio depends entirely on the amount of debt a firm uses.
b.A firm’s use of debt will have no effect on its profit margin.
c.If two firms differ only in their use of debt-i.e., they have identical assets, identical
total invested capital, sales, operating costs, interest rates on their debt, and tax rates-but
one firm has a higher total debt to total capital ratio, the firm that uses more debt will
have a lower profit margin on sales and a lower return on assets.
d.The total debt to total capital ratio as it is generally calculated makes an adjustment
for the use of assets leased under operating leases, so the debt ratios of firms that lease
different percentages of their assets are still comparable.
e.If two firms differ only in their use of debt-i.e., they have identical assets, identical
total invested capital, operating costs, and tax rates-but one firm has a higher total debt
to total capital ratio, the firm that uses more debt will have a higher operating margin
and return on assets.
In Japan, 90-day securities have a 4% annualized return and 180-day securities have a
5% annualized return. In the United States, 90-day securities have a 4% annualized
return and 180-day securities have an annualized return of 4.5%. All securities are of
equal risk, and Japanese securities are denominated in terms of the Japanese yen.
Assuming that interest rate parity holds in all markets, which of the following
statements is most CORRECT?
a.The yen-dollar spot exchange rate equals the yen-dollar exchange rate in the 90-day
forward market.
b.The yen-dollar spot exchange rate equals the yen-dollar exchange rate in the 180-day
forward market.
c.The yen-dollar exchange rate in the 90-day forward market equals the yen-dollar
exchange rate in the 180-day forward market.
d.The yen-dollar exchange rate in the 180-day forward market equals the yen-dollar
exchange rate in the 90-day spot market.
e.The relationship between spot and forward interest rates cannot be inferred.
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a.A firm can use retained earnings without paying a flotation cost. Therefore, while the
cost of retained earnings is not zero, its cost is generally lower than the after-tax cost of
debt.