1) Since the final two decades of the 20th century, the U.S. health care delivery system
has begun to shift its emphasis from wellness to illness.
2) Part D of Medicare does not require the payment of a premium.
3) When hospitals first emerged in the United States, they were used primarily by the
wealthy.
4) In recent years, the number of nursing home beds per 1,000 elderly population has
declined.
5) Managed care has been found to limit useful technology, leading to negative health
outcomes.
6) Economists have projected that the Affordable Care Act will improve employment
and household incomes.
7) In national health care programs, governments are immune from lawsuits.
8) Two main concerns expressed by citizens in Massachusetts since the implementation
of the health plan include cost and waiting times to see a physician.
9) The ACA requires that employers provide health insurance to part-time workers if
the employer has 50+ full-time equivalent workers.
10) The government plays a significant role in financing health care services in the
United States.
11) The ACA of 2010 has provisions to allow the development of generic-like versions
of biologics.
12) Respite care includes only community-based long-term care services.
13) The objective of horizontal integration is to control the geographic distribution of a
service.
14) A triple-option plan includes indemnity insurance as an option.
15) Not all health care organizations receive deemed status after they have been
accredited by the Joint Commission.
16) By law, a health insurance plan must cover work-related injuries.
17) Equity requires distributional efficiency.
18) The primary objectives of a healthcare system include all of the following except:
a. Enabling all citizens to receive healthcare services
b. Delivering healthcare services that are cost-effective
c. Delivering healthcare services using the most current technology, regardless of cost
d. Delivering healthcare services that meet established standards of quality
19) Which entity in hospital governance is legally responsible for the hospital’s
operations?
a.The CEO
b.The board of trustees
c.The chief of staff
d.The chief operating officer
20) A DRG represents
a.cumulative days of care
b.a group of principal diagnoses
c.bundled fees established prospectively
d.number of discharges from the hospital
21) Which of the following is not used in pharmaceutical management?
a.Drug formularies
b.Disease management
c.Tiered cost sharing
d.Utilization review
22) To be classified as a community hospital, the hospital must be
a.a public hospital
b.a nonfederal hospital
c.a nonprofit hospital
d.a nongovernmental hospital
23) What is the meaning of “excess capacity” in the health care inpatient sector?
a.Hospital consolidation
b.Few hospitals
c.Large institutions
d.Empty beds
24) Approximately how many adult Americans have a mental disorder in any one year?
a. One in two
b. One in three
c. One in four
d. One in five
25) In what way does research influence policymaking?
a. Prescription
b. Documentation
c. Analysis
d. All of the above
26) Medicare Part B premiums are
a.standard for everyone
b.market-based
c.income-based
d.None of the above
27) Preferred providers are paid
a.prospective fees
b.capitated fees
c.bundled fees
d.negotiated discounted fees
28) The Baylor Hospital plan, started in 1929, laid the foundation for modern health
insurance in the US. This was a _____ plan.
a.managed care
b.contributory
c.comprehensive
d.prepaid
29) What has been the effect of intense consolidation in certain hospital markets?
a.Increased competition
b.Better access
c.Dilution of competition
d.Improved quality
30) In the United States, who does not generally have access to basic and routine
medical services?
a. People who need catastrophic care
b. Those eligible only for public programs
c. The uninsured
d. Those without private health insurance
31) Controlling total health care expenditures by restricting financing for health
insurance.
a.Top-down control
b.Demand-side rationing
c.Underwriting
d.Underutilization
32) Why should rising health care costs be controlled?
a. Americans have to forgo other goods and services when more is spent on health care
b. Unless we control costs, total health care expenditures will far exceed what they
would be under free-market conditions
c. Both a and b
d. Neither a nor b
33) When providers deliver unnecessary services with the objective of protecting
themselves against lawsuits, this practice is called
a.defensive medicine
b.supplier-induced demand
c.primary protection
d.legal risk
34) Rehabilitation therapies often form an important component of
a.health-maintenance model of adult day care
b.personal care
c.services available at senior centers
d.skilled nursing care
35) Public (government) share of the total health care spending in the United States is
approximately
a.25%
b.35%
c.45%
d.55%
36) Which of the following factors helps determine the proportion of primary care
personnel to specialists needed for the adequate provision of primary care?
a. How rigidly the health care delivery system employs gatekeeping
b. The populations rates of utilization of primary care services
c. Both a and b
d. Neither a nor b
37) The proportion of a hospital’s capacity that is actually utilized.
a.Days of care
b.ALOS
c.Average daily census
d.Occupancy rate
38) How did the PPS based on DRGs lead to hospital downsizing in the United States?
a.It mandated closure of beds based on occupancy rates
b.It led to greater competition among hospitals
c.It created financial incentives to perform surgeries in outpatient settings
d.It created financial incentives to minimize the patients length of stay
39) All of the following were identified by the Institute of Medicine (Crossing the
Quality Chasm, 2001) as areas for quality improvement, except:
a. Timeliness
b. Safety
c. Efficacy
d. Patient-centeredness
40) The U.S. is likely to achieve socialized medicine under the ACA.
41) What is meant by the term health care costs?
a. The price of health care
b. How much a nation spends on health care
c. Cost of producing health care
d. All of the above
42) Geographic information systems will increasingly find applications in
a.public health
b.health delivery institutions
c.community-based long-term care
d.comparative effectiveness research
43) Which of the following was the main force that prevented a government-run
national health care program from becoming a reality in the United States?
a.Economic forces
b.Political change
c.Beliefs and values
d.Social forces
44) The HI portion of Medicare is financed through
a.Premiums from enrollees
b.General taxes
c.Payroll taxes
d.None of the above
45) When an MCO adopts capitation as the primary method of payment, which service
is likely to be carved out?
a.Specialty care
b.Gatekeeping
c.Mental health
d.Primary care
46) In which HMO model is the choice of physicians likely to be most restricted?
a.Staff model
b.Group model
c.Network model
d.IPA model
47) Capitation is best described as
a.monthly lump sum payment regardless of utilization
b.monthly lump sum payment regardless of cost
c.fixed monthly fee per member
d.payments capped to a maximum cost for delivering services
48) What does PPS stand for?
a. Preferred Provider System
b. Primary Physician System
c. Private Practice System
d. Prospective Payment System
49) Approximately what percentage of GDP is spent on health care in 2009?
a. 7%
b. 17%
c. 27%
d. 37%
50) Who was the first American president to make an appeal for national health
insurance?
a.Theodore Roosevelt
b.Franklin Roosevelt
c.Harry Truman
d.Bill Clinton
51) What does the Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure?
a. Medical inflation
b. General inflation
c. Health care expenditures
d. Overall government expenditures
52) The largest share of national health expenditures is attributed to:
a.Structures and equipment
b.Personal health care
c.Net cost of private health insurance
d.Public health activities