1) Operating leverage is measured as the responsiveness of the firm’s earnings before
interest and taxes relative to fluctuations in sales.
2) The discounted payback period takes the time value of money into account in that it
uses discounted free cash flows rather than actual undiscounted free cash flows in
calculating the payback period.
3) The modified internal rate of return represents the project’s internal rate of return
assuming that intermediate cash flows from the project can be reinvested at the project’s
required return.
4) A firm’s bond rating would be favorably affected if they have a low use of financial
leverage (debt).
5) Borrowing funds using short-term debt, such as commercial paper, and using the
proceeds to invest in long-term investments, creates a re-financing risk that can force
firm’s to sell assets at distressed prices if financing becomes unavailable.
6) If the demand for a new bond issue increases, it is likely that the coupon rate will be
adjusted upward by the issuing company.