C) Economic distress is a significant decline in the value of a firm’s assets, whether or
not it experiences financial distress due to leverage.
D) Modigliani and Miller’s results continue to hold in a perfect market even when debt
is risky and the firm may default.
In an agency problem known as asset substitution, the agency cost is paid by:
A) the debt holders, since if the risky project is not successful debt holders will lose all
their money.
B) the debt holders, since if the risky project is successful debt holders will receive less
money.
C) the equity holders, since the strategy has a negative expected payoff.
D) the equity holders, since they will lose all their money whether or not the project is
successful.
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) A portfolio costs nothing to construct is called a self-financing portfolio.
B) The most obvious portfolio to use in a multifactor model is the market portfolio
itself.
C) In general, a self-financing portfolio is any portfolio with portfolio weights that sum
to one rather than zero.
D) We can construct a self-financing portfolio by going long some stocks, and going
short other stocks with equal market value.