69) Which stage of the creative process involves viewing the similarities and differences in the
information collected?
A) Transformation
B) Incubation
C) Illumination
D) Verification
70) The ability to see the similarities and the connections among various data and events is called
________.
A) convergent thinking
B) divergent thinking
C) transformational thinking
D) illumination
71) The ability to see the connections among various data and events is called ________.
A) convergent thinking
B) divergent thinking
C) transformational thinking
D) illumination
72) ________ thinking is the ability to see similarities and ________ thinking is the ability to see
differences among various data and events.
A) Divergent; convergent
B) Convergent; divergent
C) Convergent; transformational
D) None of the above
73) During the incubation phase of the creative process, the entrepreneur might do all of the
following except which of the following to let ideas “marinate” in his mind?
A) Do something totally unrelated for a while.
B) Relax and play regularly.
C) Work on the problem or opportunity in a different environment.
D) Don’t allow one’s self to daydream.
74) At which stage of the creative process does a spontaneous breakthrough occur, allowing all
of the previous stages to come together to produce the “Eureka factor” or the “light bulb goes
on”?
A) Implementation
B) Preparation
C) Illumination
D) Verification
75) “Verification” refers to ________.
A) validating the idea as accurate and useful
B) possibly conducting experiments, running simulations, and test marketing a product or service
C) possibly asking questions such as “will it work?” and “is it really a better solution?”
D) All of the above
76) The focus of which of the following step in the creative process is to transform the idea into
reality?
A) Implementation
B) Preparation
C) Illumination
D) Verification
77) The creative process involves seven distinct steps including preparation, investigation,
transformation, incubation, illumination, verification, and implementation.
78) “Convergent thinking” is the ability to see the differences among data and events.
79) “Divergent thinking” is the ability to see similarities and connections among various data and
events.
80) It may appear in the incubation stage of the creative process that the entrepreneur is loafing,
as he is taking time to reflect on the information collected.
81) The illumination stage of the creative process is often called the “Eureka factor” and is
characterized by a spontaneous breakthrough.
82) The typical entrepreneurial philosophy for implementation is “Ready, aim, aim, aim…”
83) List and briefly explain the seven steps in the creative process and discuss the step that you
consider to be the most critical.
84) ________ is a process in which a small group of people interacts to produce a large quantity
of imaginative ideas.
A) Groupthink
B) Mind-mapping
C) Brainstorming
D) Prototyping
85) Effective brainstorming involves all of the following except ________.
A) a small group of people
B) an open, uninhibited environment
C) an effective method to evaluate ideas
D) very little structure
86) ________ is a graphical technique that encourages thinking on both sides of the brain,
visually displays the various relationships among the ideas, and improves the ability to view a
problem from many sides.
A) Brainstorming
B) Mind mapping
C) Prototyping
D) Groupthink
87) Mind mapping is a useful tool for jump-starting creativity. It includes all of the following
except ________.
A) sketching a picture to symbolize the problem or area of focus in the center of a sheet of paper
B) writing down every idea that comes into your mind, connecting each idea to the central
picture
C) allowing your mind to rest for a few minutes before integrating the ideas
D) forcing creativity when ideas start to trickle
88) The technique of ________ uses three columns that allow the entrepreneur to weigh both the
advantages and the disadvantages of a particular decision and work to maximize the variables
that support it while minimizing those that work against it.
A) force-field analysis
B) TRIZ
C) brainstorming
D) mind mapping
89) The “theory of inventive problem solving” is a left-brained, scientific, systematic process
based on innovative patents and is referred to as ________.
A) JIT
B) RP
C) TQM
D) TRIZ
90) The premise behind ________ is that transforming an idea into an actual model will lead to
improvements in its design.
A) rapid prototyping
B) mind-mapping
C) brainstorming
D) inventions
91) The three principles (three Rs) of rapid prototyping are ________.
A) develop a rough model, rapidly, and for the right price
B) develop a complete model, rapidly, and for the right problem
C) develop a rough model, rapidly, and for the right problem
D) develop a right model, roughly, and for the right price
92) When “brainstorming,” individuals should be encouraged to use “idea hitchhiking,” or
building new ideas on those already suggested.
93) During a brainstorming session, company rank and department affiliation are irrelevant.
94) Mind-mapping is a graphical technique that encourages thinking on both sides of the brain,
visually displays the various relationships among ideas, and improves the ability to view a
problem from many sides.
95) Force-field analysis is a useful technique for evaluating the forces that support and oppose a
proposed change.
96) TRIZ is an acronym for a systematic approach to help solve technical problems based on the
study of hundreds of the most innovative patents.
97) Rapid prototyping, transforming an idea into an actual model, typically does not lead to
improvements in design.
98) Explain “brainstorming” and list at least five of the guidelines for a successful brainstorming
session.
99) Why is it important for an entrepreneur to use techniques like mind-mapping, which uses
both sides of the brain?
100) Steps in the patent process include ________.
A) establishing whether it is a novelty
B) documenting and verifying the date the idea was first conceived
C) searching existing patents
D) All of the above
101) To which governmental office must applications for patents be submitted?
A) The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
B) The individual State Offices of Patent Development
C) The Federal Trade Commission
D) The Securities and Exchange Commission
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
102) To protect patent claims, an inventor should be able to verify and document the ________.
A) research conducted to create the invention
B) fact that the invention was created in another country
C) date on which the idea was first conceived
D) initial sales of the invention
103) About ________ percent of patent infringement lawsuits are settled out of court.
A) 15
B) 30
C) 80
D) 95
104) Any distinctive word, phrase, symbol, name, or logo a firm uses to distinguish itself or its
products is called a ________.
A) trademark
B) patent
C) copyright
D) service mark
105) Which of the following question(s) should you consider before entering a lawsuit to protect
intellectual property?
A) Can you afford the loss of time, money, and privacy the lawsuit will bring?
B) Can the opponent afford to pay if you win?
C) Do you expect to get enough from the suit to pay for the costs of hiring an attorney?
D) All of the above
106) A ________ is an exclusive right that protects the creators of original works such as
literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic works.
A) trademark
B) patent
C) copyright
D) service mark
107) Copyrights protect the creator of original works such as ________.
A) software, choreography, and motion pictures
B) symbols, names, and designs
C) text and verbiage of any kind
D) slogans and designs
108) A patent protects the creator of original works of authorship such as for software.
109) A patent gives the inventor the exclusive right to make, use, or sell an invention for 50
years.
110) Trademarks are distinctive words, symbols, designs, names, or logos used for company
identification.
111) A service mark offers a different kind of protection but distinguishes the source of a product
rather than a service.
112) Trade dress is the unique combination of elements that a company uses to create a product’s
image and to promote it.
113) The major problem with relying on the legal system to enforce ownership rights is the cost
of infringement lawsuits, which can quickly exceed the budget of most small businesses.
114) The U.S. Copyright Office does not require registering creative work because registering it
does not give creators greater protection over their work.
115) List the steps an entrepreneur should follow to enhance his/her chances of receiving a
patent.
Mini Case 3-1: Protecting Your Intellectual Property
Devo, Anthony, and Spencer were childhood friends who had always talked about starting a
business together after college graduation. Devo had the financial background and startup capital
to contribute and Spencer and Anthony had the technical knowledge they believed would give
them the competitive advantage needed to become an industry leader.
During their early college years, Anthony and Spencer developed a new and innovative way to
manufacture computer components. When they shared their idea with Devo, he was able to draw
up a detailed business plan to present to potential investors when the three were ready to launch
their venture. They had been very careful not to disclose anything about their innovative idea to
other colleagues or any of their friends and were anxious to get started.
After selecting the company name “Millennium Computers” the three friends come to you for
advice on intellectual property rights.
116) To protect their innovative process for manufacturing computer components from
unauthorized use, which type of intellectual property should the three friends apply for? Identify
the office to which they should apply and outline the steps involved in the process.
117) Should they consider protecting or registering their company name? Which intellectual
property would cover this concern? Could they use the name without registering it?
118) Since the primary weapon to protect intellectual property is the legal system, what would
you advise the friends if they have to protect intellectual property sometime in the future by
threatening a lawsuit?