Because of performance and data quality issues, most experts agree that the federated
architecture should supplement data warehouses, not replace them.
A nonexpert uses the development environment of an expert system to obtain advice
and to solve problems using the expert knowledge embedded into the system.
Rich and Knight (1991) defined artificial intelligence as “the study of how to make
people do things at which, at the moment, computers are better.”
Only after the failed implementation of a decision can the decision maker return a prior
stage of decision making.
Since the business environment involves considerable uncertainty, a manager cannot
use modeling to estimate the risks resulting from specific actions.
In the choice phase of problem solving, normative models involve selecting an optimal
or best outcome.
In the student retention case study, support vector machines used in prediction had
proportionally more true positives than true negatives.
In the chapter’s opening vignette, IBM’s computer named Watson outperformed human
game champions on the game show Jeopardy!
The best key performance indicators are derived independently from the company’s
strategic goals to enable developers to “think outside of the box.”
Artificial intelligence-based DSS fall into this category of document-driven DSS.
The trend is towards developing and using Web tools and software to access and run
modeling software.
The trend in the consumption of data analytics is away from in-memory solution and
towards mobile devices.
Knowledge acquisition from experts is a complex task that requires specialized
expertise to conduct successfully.
In the digital forensic knowledge repository case study, the knowledge used to populate
the National Repository of Digital Forensics Information (NRDFI) system came mostly
from the law enforcement user community.
Pushing programming out to distributed data is achieved solely by using the Hadoop
Distributed File System or HDFS.
Analytics integration with other organizational systems makes it harder to identify its
impact on the organization.
In the Chilean government case study, the government used complete enumeration to
find the optimal solution for deciding meal providers to schools.
The most important feature of management support systems is the computational
efficiency involved in making a decision.
Articles and auxiliary verbs are assigned little value in text mining and are usually
filtered out.
In text mining, if an association between two concepts has 7% support, it means that
7% of the documents had both concepts represented in the same document.
The balanced scorecard is a type of report that is based solely on financial metrics.
The k-nearest neighbor algorithm is overly complex when compared to artificial neural
networks and support vector machines.
The critical component of a knowledge refinement system is the self-learning
mechanism that allows it to adjust its knowledge base and its processing of knowledge
based on the evaluation of its recent past performances.
The task undertaken by a neural network does not affect the architecture of the neural
network; in other words, architectures are problem-independent.
Data mining requires specialized data analysts to ask ad hoc questions and obtain
answers quickly from the system.
Without middleware, different BI programs cannot easily connect to the data
warehouse.
The design phase of decision making is where the decision maker examines reality and
identifies and defines the problem.
Information density is a key characteristic of performance dashboards.
Big Data simplifies data governance issues, especially for global firms.
The term “Big Data” is relative as it depends on the size of the using organization.
A Six Sigma deployment can be deemed effective even if the number of defects are not
reduced to 3.4 defects per million.
Voice of customer (VOC) applications track and resolve business process and usability
obstacles for a Web site.
The k-nearest neighbor algorithm appears well-suited to solving image recognition and
categorization problems.
Due to the fact that business environments are now more complex than ever,
trial-and-error is an effective means of arriving at acceptable solutions.
In designing analytic systems, it must be kept in mind that the right to an individual’s
privacy is not absolute.
Taking a decision under risk is different from taking the decision under uncertainty.
The number of users of free/open source data mining software now exceeds that of
users of commercial software versions.
In sentiment analysis, it is hard to classify some subjects such as news as good or bad,
but easier to classify others, e.g., movie reviews, in the same way.
Rules used in automated decision systems (ADS) can be derived based on experience.
When using support vector machines, in which stage do you select the kernel type (e.g.,
RBF, Sigmoid)?
A) preprocessing the data
B) developing the model
C) experimentation
D) deploying the model
Which set of technologies that support knowledge management is characterized by
mashups, blogs, social networks, and wikis?
A) artificial intelligence
B) XML
C) ERP
D) Web 2.0
What is the management feature of a dashboard?
A) operational data that identify what actions to take to resolve a problem
B) summarized dimensional data to analyze the root cause of problems
C) summarized dimensional data to monitor key performance metrics
D) graphical, abstracted data to monitor key performance metrics
Which element in an artificial neural network roughly corresponds to a synapse in a
human brain?
A) node
B) input
C) output
D) weight
It is difficult to acquire knowledge from experts for all the following reasons EXCEPT
A) experts may not be able to put into words how they conduct their work.
B) testing and refining of knowledge is complex and difficult.
C) many business areas have no identifiable experts.
D) experts often change their behavior when observed.
The user communicates with and commands the DSS through the user interface
subsystem. Researchers assert that some of the unique contributions of DSS are derived
from
A) the Web browser.
B) the user being considered part of the system.
C) some DSS user interfaces utilizing natural-language input (i.e., text in a human
language).
D) the intensive interaction between the computer and the decision maker.
What is Big Data’s relationship to the cloud?
A) Hadoop cannot be deployed effectively in the cloud just yet.
B) Amazon and Google have working Hadoop cloud offerings.
C) IBM’s homegrown Hadoop platform is the only option.
D) Only MapReduce works in the cloud; Hadoop does not.
Kaplan and Norton developed a report that presents an integrated view of success in the
organization called
A) metric management reports.
B) balanced scorecard-type reports.
C) dashboard-type reports.
D) visual reports.
What is the main reason parallel processing is sometimes used for data mining?
A) because the hardware exists in most organizations and it is available to use
B) because the most of the algorithms used for data mining require it
C) because of the massive data amounts and search efforts involved
D) because any strategic application requires parallel processing
Which of the following is true of data-as-a-Service (DaaS) platforms?
A) Knowing where the data resides is critical to the functioning of the platform.
B) There are standardized processes for accessing data wherever it is located.
C) Business processes can access local data only.
D) Data quality happens on each individual platform.
Which of these applications will derive the LEAST benefit from text mining?
A) patients’ medical files
B) patent description files
C) sales transaction files
D) customer comment files
Uncovering the existence of a problem can be achieved through monitoring and
analyzing of the organization’s productivity level. The derived measurements of
productivity are based on real data.
In the opening vignette, the architectural system that supported Watson used all the
following elements EXCEPT
A) massive parallelism to enable simultaneous consideration of multiple hypotheses.
B) an underlying confidence subsystem that ranks and integrates answers.
C) a core engine that could operate seamlessly in another domain without changes.
D) integration of shallow and deep knowledge.
In-motion ________ is often overlooked today in the world of BI and Big Data.
All of the following are benefits of hosted data warehouses EXCEPT
A) smaller upfront investment.
B) better quality hardware.
C) greater control of data.
D) frees up in-house systems.
What is one major way in which Web-based social media differs from traditional
publishing media?
A) Most Web-based media are operated by the government and large firms.
B) They use different languages of publication.
C) They have different costs to own and operate.
D) Web-based media have a narrower range of quality.
According to Kassam (2002), business metadata comprise information that increases
our understanding of traditional (i.e., structured) data. What is the primary purpose of
metadata?
What is the final stage of an agent-based modeling (ABM) methodology?
A) identifying the agents and determining their behavior
B) determining the suitability of ABM
C) validating agent behavior against reality
D) determining agent-related data
Why is a performance management system superior to a performance measurement
system?
A) because performance measurement systems are only in their infancy
B) because measurement automatically leads to problem solution
C) because performance management systems cost more
D) because measurement alone has little use without action
All of the following statements about metadata are true EXCEPT
A) metadata gives context to reported data.
B) there may be ethical issues involved in the creation of metadata.
C) metadata helps to describe the meaning and structure of data.
D) for most organizations, data warehouse metadata are an unnecessary expense.
Which type of visualization tool can be very helpful when the intention is to show
relative proportions of dollars per department allocated by a university administration?
A) heat map
B) bullet
C) pie chart
D) bubble chart
Prediction problems where the variables have numeric values are most accurately
defined as
A) classifications.
B) regressions.
C) associations.
D) computations.
In the digital forensics case study, what was the main obstacle to knowledge sharing?
A) Many departments and agencies were effectively functional silos.
B) Laws existed to prevent agencies sharing techniques and experience.
C) There was an extreme lack of Internet security.
D) There was a need to keep each case experience “clean” and untainted by others.
What kind of location based analytics is real-time marketing promotion?
A) organization-oriented geospatial static approach
B) organization-oriented location-based dynamic approach
C) consumer-oriented geospatial static approach
D) consumer-oriented location-based dynamic approach
What BEST describes a simulation model in which it is not important to know exactly
when a modeled event occurred?
A) system dynamics simulation
B) discrete event simulation
C) continuous distribution simulation
D) time-independent simulation
All of the following statements about wikis are true EXCEPT
A) Wikis run on a server.
B) the majority of Wiki content is user-created.
C) Wiki pages are usually highly interconnected though links.
D) the wiki owner is responsible for the wiki organization.
Which of the following is a data mining myth?
A) Data mining is a multistep process that requires deliberate, proactive design and use.
B) Data mining requires a separate, dedicated database.
C) The current state-of-the-art is ready to go for almost any business.
D) Newer Web-based tools enable managers of all educational levels to do data mining.
Sensitivity analysis is important in management support systems for all of the following
reasons EXCEPT
A) it allows flexibility and adaptation to changing conditions.
B) it permits the manager to input data to increase his/her confidence in the model.
C) it improves the mathematical optimality of the generated solutions.
D) it provides a better understanding of the model and the decision-making situation.
Managers in organizations typically have
A) single goals that can be optimized using linear and nonlinear programming.
B) a small number of goals that can be independently optimized using linear and
nonlinear programming.
C) single goals that cannot be optimized using linear and nonlinear programming.
D) multiple goals that need to be simultaneously or jointly optimized.
In answering the question “Which customers are likely to be using fake credit cards?”,
you are most likely to use which of the following analytic applications?
A) channel optimization
B) customer segmentation
C) fraud detection
D) customer profitability
The Internet emerged as a new medium for visualization and brought all the following
EXCEPT
A) worldwide digital distribution of visualization.
B) immersive environments for consuming data.
C) new forms of computation of business logic.
D) new graphics displays through PC displays.
In the Blue Cross Blue Shield case study, speech analytics were used to identify
“confusion” calls by customers. What was true about these calls?
A) They took less time than others as frustrated customers hung up.
B) They led customers to rely more on self-serve options.
C) They were not documented by customer service reps for speech analytics.
D) They were difficult to identify using standard phrases like “I don’t get it.”
The analytic hierarchy process incorporates both qualitative and quantitative decision
making criteria.
A job ________ is a node in a Hadoop cluster that initiates and coordinates MapReduce
jobs, or the processing of the data.
Writing the SVM classification rule in its dual form reveals that classification is only a
function of the ________, i.e., the training data that lie on the margin.
An older and more diverse workforce falls under the ________ category of business
environment factors.
Describe the CabSense application used by the New York City Taxi and Limousine
Commission.
DSS applications have been classified in several different ways. ________-driven DSS
rely on knowledge coding, analysis, search, and retrieval for decision support.
With a dashboard, information on sources of the data being presented, the quality and
currency of underlying data provide contextual ________ for users.
________ models are used to predict the future and are used widely in e-commerce.
________ is the most widely used supervised learning algorithm in neural computing.
Why are the users’ page views and time spent on your Web site important metrics?
The ability of human experts to analyze their own knowledge and its effectiveness,
learn from it, and improve on it for future consultations is known as a ________.
The best decision makers accurately estimate the ________ associated with decision
alternatives to aid their selection.
In the Mining for Lies case study, a text based deception-detection method used by
Fuller and others in 2008 was based on a process known as ________, which relies on
elements of data and text mining techniques.
Customer ________ management extends traditional marketing by creating one-on-one
relationships with customers.
________ is probably the most often used form of information extraction.
________ refers to software products that address project-oriented and collaborative
types of processes.
________ charts or network diagrams show precedence relationships among the project
activities/tasks.
Nonaka (1991) used the term ________ knowledge for the knowledge that exists in the
head but not on paper.