Which of the following is NOTa code of ethics in regards to sexual contact and the
therapeutic relationship from various professional organizations?
a. Sexual intimacy with current clients, or their spouses or partners, is prohibited.
Engaging in sexual intimacy with individuals who are known to be close relatives,
guardians or significant others of current clients is prohibited.
b. Psychologists do not engage in sexual intimacies with current clients/patients;
however, if a client/patient has not been treated within two years a relationship may
become ethically approved.
c. Sexual or romantic counselor-client interactions or relationships with current clients
or their family members are prohibited.
d. Psychologists do not engage in sexual intimacies with individuals they know to be
close relatives, guardians, or significant others of current clients/patients. Psychologists
do not terminate therapy to circumvent this standard.
Neglecting the process of _______________can easily leave the members with
unfinished work and will limit opportunities for them to conceptualize what they
learned from a group experience.
a. informed consent
b. termination
c. practice-based evidence
d. evidence-based practice
It is important for the counselor to refrain from self-disclosing:
a. never.
b. when the self-disclosure will make it more difficult to establish a trusting
relationship.
c. when the self-disclosure may help the client therapeutically.
d. always.
The concepts of unintentional racism and microaggressions are related and usually
involve:
a. training in multicultural and social justice perspectives for both the therapist and
client.
b. exploring in-depth the meaning behind the cultural differences.
c. flexibility and understanding on the therapist’s part.
d. demeaning implications perpetrated against clients on the basis of their race, gender,
sexual orientation, or ability status.
Some people are reluctant to engage in family therapy because:
a. they are not qualified for therapy due to minimal symptoms.
b. they are mandated by law to not attend therapy.
c. they fear they will be the main target of the sessions and will suffer negative
consequences from having divulged certain information.
d. they are difficult people and want to undermine their family.
Referring a client for differing religious beliefs, sexual orientation, or cultural
background is called:
a. an appropriate referral.
b. a value imposition.
c. a discriminatory referral.
d. a value conflict.
Therapists can deal with powerful attractions to clients by:
a. repressing their feelings of attraction.
b. asking the client if the feeling is mutual.
c. terminating the relationship immediately.
d. monitoring boundaries by setting clear limits on physical contact, self-disclosure, and
client requests for personal information.
James and Mary were in counseling for marital problems. The counselor decided to
meet each partner in an individual session before meeting them as a couple. James
confided that he was HIV-positive and was not going to tell his spouse because she
would know that he had been unfaithful. The counselor decided to break confidentially
after attempts to encourage James to inform his wife of his condition were
unsuccessful. The counselor’s action:
a. was legal and ethical.
b. may be considered ethical, but the practitioner could be in violation of a legal
standard.
c. was unethical, but legal.
d. was ethical and meets the American Counseling Association standard regarding
contagious diseases, which states that practitioners must report when a client is
HIV-positive.
Which one of the following reasons for the underutilization of mental health services by
minority groups is NOT true?
a. Biased nature of the services
b. Child care issues
c. Transportation challenges
d. The medical model of clinical counseling is a good fit for this population and is not
utilized enough.
With respect to values in the counseling process, the authors contend that:
a. it is important that counselors clarify their values and the ways in which they enter
the therapeutic process.
b. counselors can avoid communicating values to their clients by not explicitly sharing
them.
c. it is best to keep values hidden so they won’t contaminate their client’s choices.
d. their job is to help clients conform to socially acceptable standards.
Barriers to dismissing a student who demonstrates dysfunctional interpersonal behavior
from a training program include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. lack of adequate procedures in place to support a dismissal decision.
b. concern about the heightened resistance or defensiveness in the trainee.
c. fear of legal reprisal by the institution.
d. the potential for receiving criticism from other faculty members who were not
involved in the trainee’s remediation.
_____________can best be viewed as an ongoing process aimed at increasing the range
of choices and the responsibility of the client as an active therapeutic partner.
a. Diagnosis
b. Informed consent
c. Documentation
d. Case consultations
A counselor is likely to adopt stricter social boundaries and will be concerned about
polluting the transference relationship if he or she is:
a. psychoanalytically oriented.
b. a behavioral therapist.
c. working with culturally diverse clients.
d. already engaged in an active social life.
The U.S. District Court, in Julea Ward vs. Eastern Michigan University, ruled that:
a. the university was justified in dismissing the student for violating provisions of the
code of ethics that prohibit discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, age,
sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, disability, marital status/partnership,
language preference, or socioeconomic status.
b. the university was justified to enforce standards expected of students in a counseling
program, even when a student objects on religious grounds.
c. the university was not justified in dismissing the student for violating provisions of
the code of ethics that prohibit discrimination based on race, religion, national origin,
age, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, disability, marital status/partnership,
language preference, or socioeconomic status.
d. the university was not justified to enforce standards expected of students in a
counseling program, even when a student objects on religious grounds.
Which of the following is TRUE in regards to group ethics?
a. As a rule, group leaders should conduct only those types of groups for which they
have been trained.
b. The legal concept of privileged communication applies in group settings the same as
it applies to individual sessions.
c. Group leaders are not obliged to inform psychiatric hospital patients that they are
documenting group sessions.
d. Parents and guardians have the legal right to all communications that have occurred
in groups for minors.
In____________, the court expanded the practitioner’s duty to warn those in danger to
include the circumstance in which a family member communicates to a mental health
practitioner a belief that the client poses a risk of grave bodily injury to another person.
a. Tarasoff v. Board of Regents of the University of California
b. Jaffee v. Redmond
c. Ewing v. Goldstein
d. Petersen v. McDonald
When therapists extend the boundaries of their practice, or when they branch out into an
area requiring specialty competence, they should:
a. be sufficiently prepared if they read books and journal articles pertaining to the new
specialty area.
b. seek consultation with a competent practitioner.
c. return to graduate school and receive another degree.
d. gain competence on their own before consulting with other professionals.
_______________is a three-stage developmental sequence, from multicultural
awareness to knowledge and comprehension to skills and applications.
a. Culture-centered counseling
b. Oppressed counseling
c. Cultural immersion
d. Social justice work in counseling
Prevention programs that help people develop a wider range of competencies, such as
interpersonal skills training or marriage education, are considered:
a. direct client services.
b. indirect client services.
c. direct community services.
d. indirect community services.
Of the following, which is an example of a behavior that might leave a mental health
practitioner vulnerable to a malpractice suit?
a. Used a procedure within the realm of accepted professional practice
b. Employed a technique that he or she was not trained to use
c. Used a procedure to which the client did not respond favorably
d. Explained the possible consequences of treatment and the client still wanted to
participate in the process
_______________ is a critical ethical issue in individual psychotherapy and a necessary
part of the practice of couples and family therapy.
a. Family consultation
b. Informed consent
c. A “no secrets” policy
d. Systems theory
A counselor working in an AIDS-related case:
a. has a legal duty to warn according to the Tarasoff decision.
b. is obliged to protect all third parties of the threat of HIV transmission according to
ethical codes.
c. must report the case to the Department of Public Health.
d. has few legal guidelines to help determine when or how to inform a potential victim
of the threat of HIV transmission.
The California court’s ruling that requires therapists to breach confidentiality in cases
where the general welfare and safety of others is involved is a result of the:
a. Bradley Center v. Wessner decision.
b. Jablonski v. United States decision.
c. Tarasoff decision.
d. Hedlund v. Superior Court decision.
The HIPAA Privacy Rule was designed to provide a uniform level of privacy and
security on the federal level. This Privacy Rule, which applies to both paper and
electronic transmissions of protected health information by covered entities, developed
out of the concern that transmission of health care information through electronic
means could lead to widespread gaps in the protection of client confidentiality. Which
of the following is NOT a requirement of The Privacy Rule?
a. It requires health plans and other covered entities to establish policies and procedures
to protect the confidentiality of health information about their patients.
b. It provides detailed patient information to individuals outside of the health care
agency.
c. It requires technical, administrative, and physical safeguards to protect security of
protected health information in electronic form.
d. It provides patients with rights concerning how their health information is used and
disclosed by health care providers who fall within the domain of HIPAA.
It is believed that countertransference involves:
a. ongoing personal therapy.
b. the client’s projection of their feelings or attitudes onto the therapist.
c. the therapist’s total emotional responses to a client including feelings, associations,
fantasies, and fleeting images.
d. a healthy relationship between client and therapist.
Richard is counseling a male Asian client and is encouraging him to go to college even
though he is expected to take care of his aging parents. Richard is violating the
following basic moral principle in making ethical decisions:
a. non-maleficence.
b. autonomy.
c. beneficence.
d. fidelity.
___________refers to a practitioner’s level of awareness, knowledge, and interpersonal
skill needed to function effectively in a pluralistic society and to intervene on behalf of
clients from diverse backgrounds.
a. Cultural encapsulation
b. Multicultural skill-level
c. Cultural diversity competence
d. Interpersonal cognizance
Which of the following is NOT considered a benefit of group supervision?
a. Supervising several group leaders at one time can be ineffective.
b. Group supervision increases the skill development of trainees.
c. Group supervision offers unique advantages for observing group process in action.
d. Group supervision provides trainees with many experiential opportunities to learn
about the process and development of a group.
Which of the following is NOT an alternative technology to online counseling?
a. Tablets
b. Telehealth
c. Telephone counseling
d. Smartphones
Which of the following is NOT a reason clinical supervisors are increasingly
vulnerable and at risk for ethical and legal liability?
a. Clinical supervisors are legally responsible for the welfare of those clients counseled
by their trainees.
b. Clinical supervisors have a legal and ethical obligation to respect the confidentiality
of client communications.
c. Clinical supervisors must see that trainees provide the information to clients they
need in order to make informed choices.
d. There are no formal courses a clinician can take to become a clinical supervisor.
Statements such as “Minority groups need to take responsibility for their own
predicament” and “In order to succeed, people need to stop complaining and start
working” do not take into account environmental factors. These are examples of:
a. stereotypical beliefs.
b. guiding principles for action.
c. cultural tolerance.
d. challenging culture-bound values.
Which of the following topics would NOT be appropriate to discuss during the initial
supervisory session?
a. The supervisor’s expectations regarding supervisee preparedness for supervisory
meetings
b. The supervisor’s expectations regarding formal and informal evaluations
c. The supervisor’s expectations regarding the structure and/or the nature of the
supervisory sessions
d. The supervisor’s marital and family issues
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding evidence-based practice?
a. It is synonymous with the term “empirically-supported treatments.”
b. Psychodynamic therapy falls under the category of evidence-based practice.
c. Therapeutic interventions that are not considered “evidence-based practices” are
unethical.
d. Clinical practice should not be based on the best available research.
The standards established by the ___________________require that programs provide
curricular and experiential offerings in multicultural and pluralistic trends, including
characteristics within and among diverse groups nationally and internationally.
a. American Psychological Association
b. National Association for Social Workers
c. Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs
(CACREP)
d. Canadian Counseling Association
A__________________ focuses on problems to be solved and holes to fill. It is
concerned more with maintaining rather than changing conditions and is oriented
toward fixing problems rather than preventing them. A service orientation relies on
experts and reinforces power imbalances, whereas a developmental approach relies on
partnerships and equalizes power relationships.
a. developmental approach
b. community approach
c. service approach
d. individual approach