Preschool teachers can help minimize aggression by
a. giving children alternate ways of solving problems.
b. stopping aggression immediately after it happens.
c. setting standards and sticking to them.
d. all of these.
The schools’ function in the United States can be described as
a. universal.
b. formal.
c. prescriptive.
d. all of these.
According to your text, the intellectual performance of children who attend a quality
day care program is _________ that of children from similar family backgrounds who
do not attend a day care program.
a. higher than
b. lower than
c. about the same as
d. none of these; research has not measured this aspect.
According to your text, females exhibit _________ than males.
a. greater visual-spatial ability
b. greater verbal ability
c. more aggression
d. all of these
According to researchers, studies indicate that preschool children
a. seem to understand that animated content on television is not real.
b. haven”t yet begun to develop their imaginations.
c. believe that all content on television is not real.
d. do not imitate what they see on television.
Gang members usually come from families with _________ adult supervision.
a. too much
b. minimal
c. frequent
d. helpful
Violence on television is measured in terms of
a. prevalence.
b. rate.
c. role.
d. all of these.
Positive reinforcement refers to a consequence being _________, whereas negative
reinforcement refers to a consequence being _________.
a. given; terminated
b. terminated; given
c. a stimulus; a response
d. first; last
According to your text, systems of government in the United States are shifting from
what to what?
a. Materialistic to paternalistic
b. Paternalistic policies to policies of empowerment
c. Egalitarian to robust
d. Mesosystems to macrosystems
Which is the most commonly used parenting style?
a. Authoritarian
b. Authoritative
c. Permissive
d. Uninvolved
The theory stating that it is the parents’ genes rather than socioeconomic status that
ultimately influences the life experiences of the children is which of the following?
a. The social selection theoretical model of socioeconomics
b. The bioecological theory
c. The social causation theoretical model of socioeconomics
d. Erikson’s psychosocial theory
Karoly (1998) followed nine early intervention programs and concluded that early child
care and education did have lasting effects. Karoly’s study included which of the
following characteristics?
a. Children were randomly assigned to groups.
b. Children were followed over 25 years.
c. The study included objective measures, such as level of criminal activity.
d. All of these are correct.
Of the following, which is the most significant predictor of quality in child care?
a. The teacher’s gender
b. The cost of the program
c. Whether or not the caregiver has specialized training in child development
d. Where the center is located
Which of the following influences children’s sense of right and wrong?
a. Developmental age
b. Intelligence
c. Need for approval
d. All of these
Preschoolers are more likely to help persons who
a. are familiar to them.
b. have previously helped them.
c. are friends.
d. all of these.
The peer group is a
a. microsystem.
b. group of individuals who are of approximately the same gender, age, and social
status and who share interests.
c. significant socializing force.
d. all of these.
During which era were children considered to be significant only if they contributed to
their elders’ welfare?
a. 18th century
b. 19th century
c. Early 20th century
d. Late 20th century
Which of the following is an example of an ongoing children’s advocacy group?
a. Child Welfare League of American (CWLA)
b. Boys and Girls Club
c. YMCA
d. Child Protective Services
Adoptive children may
a. create fantasies about their birth parents.
b. deny they were adopted.
c. believe they did something bad to be sent away from the biological parent.
d. all of these.
Which of the following is true about values?
a. They are outcomes of socialization.
b. They can change over time.
c. They are qualities or beliefs that are viewed as important.
d. All of these are correct.
Self-regulation, or self-control, can be observed in children beginning at about age
a. 1 month.
b. 6 months.
c. 2 years.
d. 7 years.
According to Erikson, young adults aged 18 years and older are working on which
developmental task?
a. Trust vs. mistrust
b. Intimacy vs. isolation
c. Identity vs. identity diffusion
d. Assimilation vs. accommodation
According to Gardner’s model, a person who is “body smart” is exhibiting what type of
intelligence?
a. Logical-mathematical
b. Naturalistic
c. Musical
d. Body-kinesthetic
According to your text, Channel One
a. is a for-profit television news program.
b. is an example of a school”media linkage.
c. includes commercials.
d. all of these.
What percentage of children is not covered by any health insurance program?
a. 3%
b. 5%
c. 12%
d. 50%
The imaginary audience is
a. the same as cognitive conceit.
b. the belief that others are as concerned with one’s behavior and appearance as one is
oneself.
c. a theory about reality assumed to be true without examining or evaluating
contradictory data.
d. an autonomous interdependent friendship.
According to your text, a signs that says “adults only” is an example of
a. gender discrimination.
b. age discrimination.
c. race discrimination.
d. none of these.
In the Leu et al. study (2005), most children thought the website for the Endangered
Pacific Northwest Tree Octopus was
a. cute.
b. scientifically valid.
c. hard to follow.
d. slow to load (show on the screen).
Social status that is determined by family lineage, gender, birth order, or skin color is
called
a. ascribed status.
b. achieved status.
c. traditional status.
d. new status.
Which orientation emphasizes affiliation, cooperation, and interpersonal relations?
a. Collectivist
b. Individualist
c. Developmental
d. Regulatory
Jennifer just got a divorce. She is expected to experience which of the following?
a. Economic strain
b. Physical strain
c. Emotional strain
d. All of these
Where would we most expect to find unsupervised children?
a. Day care centers
b. Low-income communities
c. In homes where mothers work full-time and parents are divorced or separated
d. In communities with high adult-to-child ratios (more adults per child)
The principle of _________ refers to the mandate that children with disabilities are to
be placed with nondisabled peers whenever appropriate.
_________ refers to a process in which a novice is guided by an expert to participate in
and master tasks.
Interest in establishing and guiding the next generation is called _________.
The largest recent increase in families that are poor has occurred in which cultural
group?
_________ refers to developmental changes associated with the biological process of
aging.
Advertisers report that children start asking for brand names as early as _________
years old.
The ability to form a mental model of concrete objects and to manipulate parts in
relation to each other is considered _________ intelligence.
The passing on of the survival and adaptive characteristics of the species from one
generation to the next is known as _________.
Any program designed to meet the special needs of children with disabilities must
involve the __________________.
According to Erikson, adolescents are working on identity vs. _________.
__________________ support involves giving advice and information.
When a child misbehaves and the parent leads the way by directing, demonstrating, or
supervising the correct response, that parent is using _________.
_________ refers to a biological construct that involves interpretation of stimuli by the
brain.
Describe how cultural variations foster competitiveness and/or cooperation. Include in
your answer classic research studies found in your text.
Answer:Answer not provided.
_________ refers to monies paid by the federal government to survivors or dependents
of veterans who die or are disabled in service.