The sensorimotor stage differs from the preoperational stage in that in the
preoperational stage, the
a. child is using symbols consistently.
b. child is engaged in abstract thought.
c. child’s thinking is centered around senses and motor abilities.
d. child’s though processes focus on assimilation.
Watson believed that
a. behavior that is rewarded will get repeated.
b. conditioning of the child must take place early in life.
c. learning is a change in the way an individual responds to a particular situation.
d. all of these.
Howes (1988) examined relationships among toddlers in a child care center. Howes
found that children differentiated between friends and playmates at least by age
a. 1 month.
b. 13″25 months.
c. 25″36 months.
d. 6 years.
Charles is unable to consider the viewpoint of another person. When he is with his
peers, Charles can only think about what he wants. Which stage of friendship would
characterize Charles?
a. Momentary playmateship
b. One-way assistance
c. Intimate, mutually shard relationships
d. Trust vs. mistrust
According to your text, research indicates that Euro-American children are likely to
_________ than Latino or Asian children.
a. have more egalitarian attitudes toward authority
b. have less egalitarian attitudes toward authority
c. be more obedient toward authority
d. all of these
DeJohn has started forming attitudes about different cultural groups. DeJohn is about
how many years old?
a. 2 years
b. 4 years
c. 5 years
d. 7 years
The family offers the child his or her first opportunities to
a. experience nurturance.
b. observe models of behavior.
c. experience language.
d. all of these.
The accreditation of child care centers is done by the _________, whereas the
accreditation of family day care homes is through the _________.
a. NAEYC; NAFCC
b. NAFCC; NAEYC
c. INA; CPR
d. None of these
From a cost/benefits perspective, advocates for child care suggest that the costs of
community child care services outweigh the later costs of
a. special education services.
b. juvenile delinquency.
c. welfare payments.
d. all of these.
Community services are needed to
a. help serve an increasing population.
b. meet needs due to the changing nature of the family.
c. meet the needs of a population as it moves from urban to rural.
d. all of these.
Examples of unintentional ways in which a school might influence children include
which of the following?
a. Competitive grading by a teacher, which reduces students’ motivation to study
b. A district’s choice of mathematics curriculum
c. Efforts made by a school to meet Title IX requirements
d. All of these
Bigler, Brown, and Markell (2001) found that when children are given social
comparisons, such as “the yellow group is more athletic,” they
a. ignore what adults tell them.
b. ignore what teachers tell them.
c. do not express prejudice.
d. use the comparisons themselves.
Compared to children with low self-esteem, children with high self-esteem are more
likely to
a. be successful in school.
b. conform.
c. be younger.
d. all of these.
Wilson and Weiss (1993) found that co-viewing a television show with _________
increased preschoolers’ enjoyment of a scary program.
a. parents
b. teachers
c. older siblings
d. a blanket
Research finds that children who have mothers employed outside the home have
a. less stereotyped views of gender roles.
b. less disposable income.
c. the same models for the mothering role as children whose mothers stay home.
d. more stereotyped views of gender roles.
A child’s risk of being overweight increases by _________ for every hour of television
watched per day.
a. Less than 1%
b. 1%
c. 6%
d. 25%
Which of the following is the main difference between the term “gender” and the term
‘sex”?
a. “Gender” refers to psychological attributes, whereas ‘sex” refers to biological
attributes.
b. “Sex” refers to psychological attributes, whereas “gender” refers to biological
attributes.
c. None of these; the terms ‘sex” and “gender” refer to the same thing.
d. “Gender” refers to chromosomes; ‘sex” refers to biological attributes.
If you believed that altruistic behavior is an indicator of the ability to regulate
biological drives, your thinking would be similar to that of
a. Piaget.
b. Freud.
c. Erikson.
d. learning theorists.
Typically, attitude is which step in the development of prejudice?
a. The first
b. The last
c. The third
d. None; attitude is not part of the developmental sequence leading to prejudice.
When what is said is more important than who said it, the system is most likely a(n)
a. low-context microsystem.
b. high-context macrosystem.
c. low-context macrosystem.
d. elemental system.
A primary concern of social scientists is that recent trends, such as occupational
mobility (the movement of individuals for job-related reasons), will
a. isolate nuclear families from those who can help nurture and care for their children.
b. increase employment opportunities for parents.
c. increase the number of children in quality child care settings.
d. increase the number of child labor laws.
The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLBA) provided federal funds to implement
a. any program to prevent illegal use of substances.
b. any program to prevent violence.
c. programs to prevent the use of illegal substances and violence, but only if the
programs are grounded in scientific research.
d. none of these; prevention programs were not part of NCLBA.
Adrienne believes that she is good in math because she does all of the homework and
studies hard for all of the tests. Adrienne most likely has
a. an internal locus of control.
b. an external locus of control.
c. low self-esteem.
d. unrealistic expectations.
According to your text, when sexually suggestive bedroom scenes are shown on
television, the couples in the scenes are typically
a. married.
b. unmarried.
c. married or unmarriedboth types of couples are shown in equal frequency.
d. none of these; couples are never shown in sexually suggestive bedroom scenes on
television.
Print-based culture is still the primary basis for information about all of the following
except
a. education.
b. religion.
c. government.
d. entertainment.
The No Child Left behind Act was designed to
a. give parents options.
b. give the wealthy tax breaks.
c. ensure that parents keep children at one particular school.
d. create better after-school programming.
The Keeping Children and Families Safe Act was passed in
a. 1910.
b. 1974.
c. 1995.
d. 2003.
An analysis of studies on children in joint physical or legal custody showed that these
children were
a. more poorly adjusted than children in sole-custody settings.
b. better adjusted than children in sole-custody settings.
c. similar in terms of adjustment.
d. none of these; joint custody no longer exists in the United States.
Jose spends about 4 hours watching television while his mother and father are at work.
How does this compare to the viewing habits of other children?
a. Somewhat the same
b. More than other children
c. Less than other children
d. More watch TV with their parents
Researchers have identified factors contributing to “less-than-optimal” quality in child
care centers. Which of the following would be on the researchers’ list?
a. Staff turnover is high.
b. All the caregivers have degrees in child development.
c. There are fewer children per adult.
d. The staff is paid well.
Which parenting style has been associated with children’s social-behavioral competence
and confidence?
a. Authoritative
b. Authoritarian
c. Permissive
d. Indifferent/uninvolved
List and describe the five functions of a community. Afterward, using New Orleans as
an example, describe which of the functions might be disrupted or renegotiated in the
aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.
Answer:Answer not provided.
The onset of sexual behavior in teens differs according to
a. peer group.
b. church attendance.
c. gender.
d. all of these.
Guidance is to discipline as
a. direction is to punishment.
b. punishment is to demonstration.
c. outputs are to inputs.
d. harsh is to gentle.
Imagine you are employed at a child care resource and referral agency. Drawing upon
information found in your text, write a briefing for the public that highlights trends and
issues related to nonparental child care today. Include in your report the concepts of
child maltreatment, collaborative caregiving, and developmental appropriateness.
Answer:Answer not provided.
The process of supporting a person, group, or cause is called _________.
Self-realization is an example of a(n) _________ goal of a school.
In _________ societies, behavior is often based on customs handed down from past
generations.
Using Piaget’s theory of morality, describe how children interpret rules differently
according to their developmental level.
Answer:Answer not provided.
Describe parenting practices that are linked to the development of high self-esteem in
children.
Answer:Answer not provided.
Compare an easy child with one who is slow-to-warm-up using the five aspects of
temperamental quality found in the text.
Answer:Answer not provided.
The term that refers to the frequency of violent episodes per television show is the
_________ of violence.
Using the concept of morality of cooperation, describe how a child might decide who
gets to play on a kickball team at recess. Describe the difference between this and the
morality of constraint.
Answer:Answer not provided.
The collective term for resources provided by others in times of need is _________.
Describe how affective methods of socialization differ from sociocultural methods of
socialization, and give examples.
Answer:Answer not provided
Students in traditional, teacher-directed classrooms tended to perform better
__________________ than students in modern, learner-directed programs.
The media are part of the _________, according to Bronfenbrenner.
Compare and contrast the characteristics that make a child popular with peers with
those that tend to lead to rejection.
Answer:Answer not provided.
Jasmine gets attention in socially acceptable ways, uses adults as resources, and gets
along well with others. We would call Jasmine a(n) __________ child.
Mary Ella is a child who has been repeatedly exposed to family violence. Based on
your readings, describe the kinds of feelings one would expect Mary Ella to have.
Answer:Answer not provided.
The type of abuse that refers to sexual relations between closely related persons is
called _________.
Studies of young children show that those with the most prejudicial attitudes have
parents who are __________________.
The omission of feminine pronouns and names in a textbook is an example of
_________ bias.
The theory that observed behavior, rather than what exists in the mind, provides the
only valid data for psychology is called _________.