A primary consideration that guides teachers in designing a program to change a
student’s behavior is:
a. proven effectiveness of a technique
b. administrative desires
c. availability of materials
d. student’s mental age
An interim criterion used in a changing criterion design is determined by:
a. the highest performance level of baseline
b. the lowest performance level of baseline
c. the mean level of performance of baseline
d. any of the above
In explaining behavior, a useful theory must be:
a. inclusive and justifiable
b. inclusive, verifiable, and justifiable
c. verifiable, exclusive, and predictable
d. inclusive, verifiable, have predictive utility, and be parsimonious
Refining broad generalizations into specific, observable, measurable behaviors is
known as
a. Pinpointing
b. Specification
c. Individualization
d. Modification
Systematically waiting before delivering a prompt allowing a student to respond
before prompting is a procedure known as
a. Time Delay
b. Stimulus shaping
c. Graduated Guidance
d. Forward Chaining
After finishing lunch Jose left his trash on the table, his teacher responded by having
him pick
up the trash left behind at each table. This procedure is known as __________.
a. restitutional overcorrection
b. positive practice
c. negative practice
d. response cost
At the end of each play period, Mr. Carey counted the number of toys that Mary,
Louise, and Anita did not put back on the shelves. He was using:
a. event recording
b. interval recording
c. time sampling
d. permanent product recording
__________ and _________ recording focus on a temporal rather than a numerical
dimension of behavior.
a. Duration and latency
b. Interval and time sampling
c. Event and Interval
d. None of the above
Factors affecting the efficiency of a response do NOT include:
a. physical effort required to perform the response
b. schedule of reinforcement
c. delay between discriminative stimulus and delivery of reinforcer
d. degree of student’s disability
_______________ is important when we are concerned not with the number of times a
student engages in it, but how long.
a. Duration
b. Latency
c. Rate
d. Topography
Voluntary participation is facilitated by:
a. avoiding threats and incentives that are too powerful
b. involving the subjects of the program in selecting as few aspects of the program as
possible
c. both a and b
d. none of the above
Which of the following provides reinforcement of an alternative behavior?
a. DRO
b. DRL
c. DRI
d. none of the above
The single subject design which allows comparison of more than one treatment or
intervention is the:
a. multiple baseline design
b. reversal design
c. alternating treatments design
d. none of the above
Mr. Hawkins wants Abel to learn to purchase a newspaper from a newspaper vending
machine. Over two weeks, Abel purchases newspapers from four different newspaper
machines. This is an example of what generalization technique?
a. Train loosely
b. Train sufficient exemplars
c. Sequentially modify
d. Train to generalize
Which of the following IS a characteristic of a FR schedule of reinforcement?
a. The length of intervals affects the rate of responding
b. As the schedule ratio increases, the student will often stop responding for a period of
time following delivery of the reinforcer.
c. Behaviors occur at a relatively low rate
d. All of the above
Indirect strategies for gathering functional assessment information on a student include:
a. Anecdotal reports
b. Scatter plot analysis
c. Interview forms, scales and questionnaires
d. ABC descriptive analysis
“Point to the correct answer” is an example of which component of a behavioral
objective?
a. Target behavior
b. Learner
c. Conditions
d. Criteria for acceptable performance
____________ is defined as differential reinforcement of successive approximations to
a specific target behavior.
a. Shaping
b. Modeling
c. Behavioral chaining
d. SD
Ms. Coulter was successful using a token reinforcement system with Jordan to decrease
his inappropriate behaviors in her class. Mr. Johnson is now going to implement the
same token system in his class in hopes that Jordan’s behavior will improve. This is an
example of what generalization technique?
a. Train loosely
b. Sequentially modify
c. Introduce to naturally maintaining contingencies
d. Mediate generalization
Which of the following would be a good example of a rule with specificity?
a. Be a good citizen
b. Keep your hands to yourself
c. Raise your hand before speaking
d. All of the above
A _________ position holds that human behavior is lawful and its causes can be
identified in environmental events.
a. Deterministic
b. Constructivist
c. Positivist
d. Gestalt
Which of the following is an example of an SΔ?
a. Whenever Mrs. Marcott is in the room, she ignores James when he yells out answers.
b. Amanda knows that Mr. Stevens will pay attention to her if she uses profanity.
c. Coly learned that when he answers his ringing phone, he more than likely gets to talk
to one of his friends.
d. All of the above.
Mrs. Jones had her students help establish a list of classroom rules, when they finished
there were 35 rules for the class. This addresses which component of verbal structure?
a. specificity
b. economy
c. consequences
d. none of the above
When reporting percent on the ordinate scale:
a. the scale always goes from 0 to 100%
b. the scale ranges from 0 to the highest percent obtained
c. there is no scale rule
d. it’s better to convert the ordinate to number
What kind of prompt is being used in the following example: Miss Clark holds
Melissa’s hand to cross the street.
a. Modeling
b. Physical Guidance
c. Verbal Prompt
d. Visual Prompt
Components needed for teaching students to self record include:
a. operationally defining the target behavior
b. instructing the student in the use of the data collection system
c. monitoring at least one practice session
d. all of the above
Teachers are accountable to:
a. administrative supervisors
b. parents of their students
c. the community
d. all of the above
__________ refers only to procedures derived from experimental analysis of human
behavior.
a. cognitive modification
b. behavior modification
c. systematic analysis
d. all of the above
Which of the following is considered a prompt fading procedure?
a. Graduated Guidance
b. Most-to-Least prompts
c. Time Delay
d. All of the above
Which of the following designs is often used during a functional analysis?
a. ABAB design
b. multi-element design
c. both a and b
d. none of the above
Ignoring disruptive behavior is a procedure known as:
a. overcorrection
b. response cost
c. time out
d. extinction
Ms. Harper wants to increase John’s behavior of sharing during circle time. Each time
Ms. Harper observes John sharing she provides him with a token and his behavior
increased.
What type of data collection system should Ms. Harper use to record the number of
occurrences of John’s sharing behavior?
a. event recording
b. time sampling
c. duration
d. latency
A procedure described as the use of differential reinforcement of successive
approximations of a target behavior is called:
a. modeling
b. fading
c. chaining
d. shaping
Voluntary participation in a behavior-change program must be:
a. informed
b. voluntary
c. both a and b
d. none of the above