All of the following are procedures that are commonly used in reality therapy except:
a. exploring wants, needs, and perceptions.
b. exploring early recollections.
c. focusing on current behavior.
d. planning and commitment.
e. skillful questioning.
Which of the following approaches is least likely to be applied to short-term crisis
intervention?
a. existential therapy
b. person-centered therapy
c. reality therapy
d. psychoanalytic therapy
e. cognitive-behavior therapy
All of the following are major general movements of the multilayered approach to
family therapy except for:
a. forming a relationship.
b. conducting an assessment.
c. hypothesizing and sharing meaning
d. facilitating change
e. conducting outcome research to evaluate techniques used
Which of the following roles and functions would be least interesting to a structural
family therapist?
a. joining the family in a position of leadership
b. giving voice to the therapist’s own impulses and fantasies
c. mapping the underlying structure of a family
d. intervening in ways designed to transform an ineffective structure of a family
e. being a stage director
Who has done most of the work in the area of modeling?
a. Joseph Wolpe
b. Hans Eysenck
c. E. Jacobson
d. Arnold Lazarus
e. Albert Bandura
The central theme running through the works of Viktor Frankl is:
a. that freedom is a myth.
b. the will to meaning.
c. self-disclosure as the key to mental health.
d. the notion of self-actualization.
e. being thrown into the universe without purpose.
What is OQ-45?
a. It is the standardized Outcome Questionnaire, which may be used along with other
assessment tools to learn more about clients such as Ruth.
b. It is the name of a new luxury car that Ruth dreams of buying.
c. It is Ruth’s case number.
d. It is a non-standardized assessment instrument.
e. It is a measure of occupational intelligence.
Which of the following is not a technique of the Gestalt approach?
a. the rehearsal exercise
b. the figure formation process
c. the empty chair technique
d. staying with the feeling
e. the exaggeration exercise
All of the following are stages in Adlerian counseling except:
a. reorientation.
b. insight.
c. establishing a therapeutic relationship.
d. analysis and assessment.
e. analysis of resistance.
How might an existential therapist work with Stan’s depression and suicidal thoughts?
a. by examining his faulty belief system
b. by confronting Stan with the issue of finding meaning and purpose in his life
c. by using active listening and reflection as Stan talks about his feelings
d. by determining the nature of his shadow
The focus of this approach is on overt behavior, precision in specifying treatment goals,
developing specific treatment plans, and assessing results.
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. behavior therapy
c. person-centered therapy
d. existential therapy
e. Gestalt therapy
Regarding psychotherapy outcome, research shows:
a. the behavioral approaches are more effective than the humanistic approaches.
b. there are clear factors that predict which models of therapy work best for particular
types of clients.
c. the therapeutic relationship is not a major contributor to therapeutic change.
d. no model of therapy has been proven more effective than another.
According to psychoanalytic therapy, human beings are:
a. motivated by social interest.
b. determined by psychic energy and early experiences.
c. inclined toward becoming fully functioning.
d. free to choose who they will become.
During her sessions, Justine questions whether she is trying to meet her clients’ needs or
her own needs. Justine is:
a. being overly analytical.
b. engaging in meaningful self-reflection and self-assessment as a professional.
c. self-absorbed and insecure.
d. behaving unethically since she is preoccupied during her clients’ sessions.
___________________ have as main assumptions that people: are competent and
healthy, have the capacity to find their own solutions to the difficulties they face; and
that the client is the expert on his or her own life.
a. Psychoanalytic approaches
b. Behavior therapy
c. Gestalt therapy
d. Postmodern approaches
e. Rational emotive behavior therapy
Often Greta, who struggles to feel good about herself, comes to sessions with slouched
posture. In order to help Greta gain a clearer understanding of the inner meaning of her
slouched posture, a Gestalt therapist might:
a. ask Greta to exaggerate her poor posture, which is likely to intensify her feelings
attached to it.
b. have Greta undergo hypnosis.
c. ask Greta to free associate to the words ‘slouched posture.”
d. refer her to an orthopedic surgeon to rule out scoliosis.
Which theory assumes that people are prone to learning erroneous, self-defeating
thoughts that perpetuate their difficulties and that these thoughts can be corrected to
create a more fulfilling life?
a. reality therapy
b. behavioral therapy
c. Gestalt therapy
d. cognitive behavioral therapy
e. existential therapy
In which of the following approaches to therapy does the therapist become active and
directive, functioning as a trainer for the client?
a. existential therapy
b. person-centered therapy
c. behavior therapy
d. Gestalt therapy
e. psychoanalytic therapy
If your client wanted to change a behavior, for instance, learning to control smoking,
drinking, or eating, which behavioral technique would be most appropriate to employ?
a. systematic desensitization
b. self-management
c. assertion training
d. punishment
Which of the following aspects are assessed when exploring a client’s family
constellation?
a. birth order
b. interactions between siblings and parents
c. the child’s psychological position in the family
d. all of the above
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or
phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) fictional finalism, (b) shame-attacking exercises, (c) acting “as if,” (d) lifestyle
assessment, (e) teleological approach
According to the text, positive ethics is a practice in which counselors:
a. do what is mandated by professional standards.
b. base their ethical decisions on what is best for their clients rather than minimum
standards
of care.
c. strive for the highest level of ethical practice.
d. strictly adhere to lengthy ethics codes, even if this is not in the client’s best interest.
Which approach offers encouragement so individuals can develop socially useful goals
and increase social interest?
a. Adlerian therapy
b. behavior therapy
c. reality therapy
d. Gestalt therapy
e. solution-focused therapy
Which of the following is not considered a necessary and sufficient condition for
change in the person-centered framework?
a. unconditional positive regard
b. creative expression
c. accurate empathetic understanding
d. congruence
Which of the following is not true about how behavior therapists function in the
therapeutic setting?
a. They use techniques such as summarizing, reflection, clarification, and open-ended
questioning.
b. They focus on specific aspects of problems.
c. They systematically assess for information about all aspects of the problem.
d. They serve as a model for the client.
e. All of these are true.
The role of the leader in solution-focused therapy groups isnot:
a. to set the tone of focusing on solutions.
b. to provide clients with simple solutions to their problems.
c. to create a setting where the client feels resourceful and capable.
d. to skillfully ask questions to guide clients to finding solutions to their problems.
e. to encourage clients to act in the manner they did when their problem was not
present.
Contemporary Gestalt therapists view client resistance as:
a. a way that clients avoid confrontation.
b. a sign of poor motivation for therapeutic work.
c. a therapy interfering force that needs to be overcome.
d. an element of therapy that needs to be respected.
The technique of reliving and reexperiencing unfinished business is associated with:
a. Gestalt therapy.
b. person-centered therapy.
c. existential therapy.
d. reality therapy.
e. solution-focused therapy
_____________involves the removal of unpleasant stimuli from a situation once a
certain behavior has occurred.
a. Negative reinforcement
b. Positive reinforcement
c. Punishment
d. Systematic desensitization
e. Flooding
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or
phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) nondirective, (b) ambivalence about change, (c) intrinsic motivation, (d) MI spirit,
(e) change talk.
According to REBT, what is the core of most emotional disturbance?
a. blame
b. resentment
c. rage
d. unfinished business
e. depression
In family therapy contexts, cognitive behavior therapists are particularly interested in
family schemata.
Joining, accommodation, and boundary making are techniques likely to be used by
structural family therapists.
Heterosexism views a heterosexual orientation as normative and desirable, and devalues
same-sex life styles.
Psychoanalysis provides therapists with a conceptual framework for looking at behavior
and
understanding the origins and functions of present symptoms.
The beginnings of feminism can be traced to the late 1800s, but it is the women’s
movement of the 1960s that laid the foundation for the development of feminist therapy.
People who rely on retroflection tend to inhibit themselves from taking action out of
fear of embarrassment, guilt, and resentment.
Feminist therapy is a technically integrative approach that stresses tailoring
interventions to meet clients with their strengths.
The working-through process consists of repetitive and elaborate explorations of
unconscious material and defenses, most of which originated in early childhood.
If you try to figure out in advance how to proceed with a client, you may be depriving
the client of the opportunity to become an active partner in her or his own therapy.
Feminist therapists avoid sharing their values with clients in order to reduce the chance
of value imposition.
The latency stage occurs between the ages of 5 to 12.
Free association and dream analysis are a typical part of the person-centered therapist’s
procedures.
The ego is the original structure of personality.
Social constructionists believe that knowledge is time- and culture-bound, and our ways
of understanding are not necessarily better than other ways.
A major criticism of the existential approach is that it lacks a systematic statement of
the principles and practices of psychotherapy.
With respect to mastering the techniques of counseling and applying them appropriately
and effectively, it is Corey’s belief that you are your own very best technique.