Which scheme involves private investors only taking high wealth clients?
a. investment embezzlement
b. advanced fee scheme
c. prime bank investment fraud
d. hedge fund fraud
Elderly individuals are more likely than younger individuals to be victims of which type
of crime?
a. robbery
b. rape
c. fraud
d. murder
According to the ____ hypothesis, the criminality of females is masked because of the
generally benevolent and protective attitude toward women in our society.
a. masculinity
b. chivalry
c. feminist
d. proximity
In every level of the social structure, youths who fall in with a “bad crowd” become
more susceptible to:
a. smoking
b. disdaining religion
c. criminal behavior patterns
d. being assaulted by members of this peer group
The majority of check forgers who do not believe their actions will hurt anyone and
usually cash bad checks because of a financial crisis are known as:
a. constructive check forgers
b. systematic check forgers
c. good check forgers
d. nave check forgers
Critical theorists believe that the motives of multinational corporations for providing
jobs in third-world counties is to:
a. build the economies of these countries.
b. provide the poorest individuals better jobs.
c. supply the poor in the United States with affordable goods.
d. exploit natural resources and desperate workers while avoiding regulations
_________ are bizarre or abnormal sexual practices involving recurrent sexual urges.
a. transvestite fetishism
b. frotteurism
c. pedophiles
d. paraphilias
______ children are the most likely to be growing up in a single-parent family.
a. Non-Hispanic White
b. Hispanic
c. American Indian
d. African American
Which of the following earns his or her living solely by buying and reselling stolen
merchandise?
a. opportunistic thief
b. professional thief
c. petty thief
d. fence
The notion that some individuals may engage in crime due to the attraction of
“getting away with it” is known as:
a. risk theory
b. arousal theory
c. thrill-seeking theory
d. conduct disorder
“Crackdowns” are sudden changes in police activity designed to lower crime rates
through an increase in the communicated threat or actual certainty of punishment. What
does research indicate about the effectiveness of crackdowns?
a. Merely saturating an area with police deters crime.
b. Crackdowns initially deter crime but the effect soon wears off after the high
intensity police activity ends.
c. Crackdowns are ineffective when coupled with aggressive problem-solving and
community-improvement techniques.
d. Crackdowns initially do not work but later have a long-term decrease in crime
Domestic terrorists groups such as white supremacists and religious revolutionists are
members of which type of terrorist group?
a. right-wing
b. left-wing
c. modern
d. morality
Public meeting places, often taverns, that served as headquarters for gangs and thieves
in the 18th century were known as:
a. flash houses
b. pigeon drops
c. booster shops
d. cannon houses
According to this view, socialization rather than social structure is key to understanding
crime.
a. social-psychological view
b. classical view
c. conflict view
d. developmental view
Which of the following is not typically covered by victim compensation programs?
a. replacement costs for stolen property
b. loss of wages
c. counseling expenses
d. medical expenses
What are “cyber smears” and “pump and dumps?”
a. forms of illegal file sharing
b. forms of cyber stalking
c. forms of market manipulation
d. forms of denial-of-service attacks
White collar crime involves illegal activities of people and institutions whose
acknowledged purpose is ___ profit through ___ business transactions.
a. criminal; black-market
b. black-market; violent
c. illegal; legitimate
d. illegal; illegitimate
Examinations of racial disparities, find that as the number of racial minorities in a
population increases:
a. the rate of imprisonment increases.
b. the number of police decrease.
c. the number of police is not affected.
d. the rate of imprisonment decreases.
The onset of the menstrual cycle triggers excessive amounts of female sex hormones
that affect antisocial, aggressive behavior. This condition is commonly referred to as:
a. premenstrual syndrome
b. paranoia
c. postpartum depression
d. bipolar disorder
Which of the following topics would not be of interest to a moral crusader?
a. gay marriage
b. genital mutilation
c. abortion
d. Moral crusaders would be concerned about all these topics.
Car theft usually motivated by a teenager’s desire to acquire the power, prestige, sexual
potency, and recognition associated with an automobile is known as:
a. carjacking
b. joyriding
c. prestige-jacking
d. situational inducement
The Melissa virus (1999) disrupted e-mail around the world causing more than ____ in
damage.
a. $500,000
b. $1 million
c. $25 million
d. $80 million
Victims suffer stress and anxiety long after an incident is over. What of the following is
true about the long-term stress suffered by victims?
a. Any stress experienced by young victims usually diminishes by the time the child
reaches adolescence.
b. Younger victims are less prone to suffer PTSD than adult victims.
c. Childhood trauma, including rape and molestation, is significantly associated with
visual, auditory, and tactile hallucinations.
d. Unlike spouse abuse, child abuse rarely leads to despair, depression, and
homelessness.
The word obscenity is derived from the Latin caenum, for:
a. “nudity”
b. “bareness”
c. “paraphilia”
d. “filth”
In routine activities theory, a large number of unemployed teenagers would be an
example of:
a. suitable targets
b. motivated offenders
c. capable guardians
d. protective sentinels
Acts that are considered illegal because they threaten the general well-being of society
and challenge its accepted moral principles are known as:
a. obscenities
b. paraphilias
c. economic crimes
d. public order crimes
Although many crimes go unreported, about ___ percent report their white-collar
victimization.
a. 10
b. 70
c. 30
d. 80
A survey conducted by the National White Collar Crime Center found that the most
common form of victimizations are:
a. nondelivery or auction fraud.
b. retirement account embezzlement.
c. petty offenses.
d. bank fraud.
Which social bond refers to how much an individual cares about what others think of
them?
a. achievement
b. attachment
c. commitment
d. involvement
Criminologists must use the __________ __________ to study crime.
a. casebook method
b. history method
c. scientific method
d. law method
Those unable to obtain desired goods and services through conventional means may
consequently resort to theft and other illegal activities. These activities are known as:
a. instrumental crimes
b. expressive crimes
c. index crimes
d. strict-liability crimes
One of the most important findings from cohort studies is the concept of persistence or
the continuity of crime. Who is most likely to persist in a criminal career?
a. juveniles who committed a single serious offense at an early age
b. juveniles who started their delinquent careers early and who committed
serious violent crimes throughout adolescence
c. adolescents arrested between the ages of 15 and 17 who committed a single
serious offense
d. adolescents, regardless of age, who served time in a juvenile detention facility
In routine activities theory, police and homeowners would be an example of:
a. suitable targets
b. motivated offenders
c. capable guardians
d. protective sentinels
Some researches feel that what appears to be a genetic effect, evidenced in twin
research, is actually the effect of sibling influence on criminality referred to as the:
a. twin effect
b. contagion effect
c. proximity effect
d. immediacy effect
Delinquent girls are more likely than nondelinquent peers to identify _____ as their
closest friends.
a. family members
b. no one
c. other girls
d. boys
Second-degree murder requires the killer to have malice aforethought, premeditation,
and deliberation.
Which of the following is not a specifically assigned mission of the Department of
Homeland Security (DHS)?
a. preventing terrorist attacks within the United States
b. reducing America’s vulnerability to terrorism
c. expanding surveillance of cyber space to identify terrorists
d. minimizing the damage and recovery from terrorist attacks that occur
Many children with ADHD also suffer from _________ _________ and continually
engage in aggressive and anti-social behavior in early childhood.
Prostitutes known as street walkers move around in groups of two or three to lumber,
labor, and agricultural camps.
Numerous studies show that there is no significant association between child
maltreatment and delinquency, even when taking into account gender, race, and class.
Shaw and McKay’s concentric zone analysis indicated that _________ is the central
business district of the city.
Most young offenders follow one of two paths. “Typical teenagers” who get into minor
scrapes and who engage in what might be considered rebellious teenage behavior with
their friends are considered to be _________ _________.
The vast majority of shoplifters are amateur pilferers or snitches. Why do they steal?
What are their motivations, and how do they rationalize their behavior?
Group boycott occurs when there is a conspiracy to set and control the price of a
necessary commodity.
Life course theories are inherently integrated theories and suggest that events taking
place over the life course influence life choices.
How are individual-level white collar-crimes and corporate crimes similar? Include in
your discussion whether causal factors explaining these crimes are similar.
________ larceny is a felony punished by a sentence in the state prison.
Worms, viruses, Trojan horses, logic bombs, and spam are types of cyber vandalism.
Define each and discuss the differences among these forms of cyber vandalism.
In neighborhoods where collective efficacy is high, children are less likely to become
involved with deviant peers and less likely to engage in problem behaviors.
Watching violent or pornographic films featuring women who are beaten, raped, or
tortured has been linked to sexually aggressive behavior in men.