The research reported in Enhancing Police Integrity, published by the Department of
Justice, found that ________ is(are) important in shaping the ethics of police officers.
a. media and human relations skills
b. hand-to-hand tactics
c. an agency’s culture of integrity
d. set work-hour standards
Which 1936 Supreme Court case addressed physical abuse as a means of obtaining a
confession?
a. Escobedo v. Illinois
b. Miranda v. Arizona
c. Brown v. Mississippi
d. Ashcraft v. Tennessee
In 1972, the Judicial Conference of the United States adopted a policy opposing
________ in district courts, and that policy was incorporated into the Code of Conduct
for United States Judges..
a. broadcast of civil proceedings
b. broadcast of in-camera trials
c. media coverage of proceedings
d. movement of a trial to another location
Which stage in the criminal justice process involves taking pictures and fingerprints of
the suspect?
a. arraignment
b. booking
c. hearing
d. indictment
Which of the following sentencing goals is closely associated with the phrase “an eye
for an eye”?
a. incapacitation
b. rehabilitation
c. deterrence
d. retribution
What is the maxim that an orderly society must be governed by established principles
known as?
a. rule of law
b. inchoate
c. body of crime
d. common law
Which model emphasizes individual rights?
a. conflict model
b. crime-control model
c. due-process model
d. consensus model
What is the meaning of the term grass eater as a form of police corruption?
a. officers who accept small bribes and minor services from citizens
b. officers who solicit bribes through threat or intimidation
c. officers who seek illicit moneymaking opportunities
d. officers who serve as informers for the commission
Due process includes all of the following basic elements, EXCEPT________.
a. an opportunity to defend
b. a trial according to established procedure
c. a partial tribunal having jurisdictional authority
d. an accusation in proper form
Tax laws, building codes, and health codes are examples of what type of law?
a. criminal law
b. procedural law
c. administrative law
d. natural law
An activity that increases the risk of harm is called _______ behavior.
a. knowing
b. purposeful
c. negligent
d. reckless
The applicability of constitutional rights to all citizens, regardless of state law or
procedure is guaranteed by the ________ Amendment.
a. Fourteenth
b. Eighth
c. Sixth
d. Fourth
The role of a defense attorney does NOT include ________.
a. testing the strength of the prosecution’s case
b. appealing a conviction
c. representing the accused
d. representing the state
Which of the following represents the order of the steps in a criminal trial?
a. jury selection, trial initiation, opening statements, presentation of evidence, closing
arguments, the judge’s charge to the jury, jury deliberations, the verdict
b. trial initiation, jury selection, opening statements, presentation of evidence, closing
arguments, the judge’s charge to the jury, jury deliberations, the verdict
c. opening statements, jury selection, presentation of evidence, trial initiation, closing
arguments, the judge’s charge to the jury, jury deliberations, the verdict
d. the judge’s charge to the jury, jury selection, opening statements, trial initiation,
presentation of evidence, closing arguments, jury deliberations, the verdict
Which of the following is NOT considered larceny?
a. stealing a car
b. stealing a bicycle
c. stealing from stores
d. stealing farm animals
It is unclear whether juveniles ________.
a. can waive their Miranda rights
b. have a right to trial by jury under the U.S. Constitution
c. have a right to counsel in juvenile court proceedings
d. can be executed for a crime committed at age 16
All of the following EXCEPT which are names used in place of “trial court of general
jurisdiction”?
a. appellate court
b. high court
c. circuit court
d. superior court
Which of the following terms is defined as an ideal that embraces all aspects of
civilized life?
a. criminal justice
b. vigilante justice
c. social justice
d. civil justice
Which of the following is NOT a reason for the dependent’s first appearance before a
judge?
a. The defendant is afforded the opportunity for bail.
b. The defendant is advised of his or her rights.
c. The defendant is given formal notice of the charges.
d. The defendant is given the opportunity to cross-examine witnesses.
An incident-based reporting system that collects detailed data on every single crime
occurrence is called a ________.
a. BJS
b. NCVS
c. NIBRS
d. UCR
Which of the following terms describes an attorney who works for a law firm?
a. court-appointed counsel
b. public defender
c. prosecuting attorney
d. private attorney
As state court systems developed, which of the following court models was copied by
most states?
a. Federal Judiciary Act of 1789
b. Magistrate’s Act of 1968
c. Federal Reorganization Act of 1801
d. New York State Field Code of 1848
In the case of U.S. v. Sokolow, the Supreme Court ruled that the legitimacy of stopping
and detaining the suspect for investigative purposes when there is probable cause
lacking, must be according to ________ criterion.
a. certainty
b. totality of circumstances
c. probable cause
d. best guess
In Georgia, the typical caseload of an intensive supervision probation officer is
________.
a. 40 probationers
b. 120 probationers
c. 500 probationers
d. 240 probationers
“Rookie” correctional officers learn through socialization that ________.
a. the ideals of professionalism rarely translate into reality
b. rehabilitation is the number one priority of corrections officials
c. it is best to keep to oneself and not fraternize with other officers
d. all prison inmates are “monsters”
Children who purchase cigarettes, buy alcohol, and are truant are ________.
a. status offenders
b. neglected children
c. dependent children
d. juvenile delinquents
Which of the following is NOT a type of juror challenge?
a. peremptory challenges
b. challenges to the array
c. challenges for cause
d. challenges for knowledge
Most people sentenced to federal prisons have been convicted of ________ crimes.
a. white-collar
b. drug
c. violent
d. property
A jury that is isolated from the public has been ________.
a. challenged
b. subpoenaed
c. sequestered
d. preempted
Intermediate sanctions are also sometimes termed ________.
a. discretionary release
b. imprisonment
c. alternative sentencing strategies
d. mandatory release
If a defendant refuses to testify at trial, the prosecution can tell the jury this is an
indication that the person is guilty.
In California v. Hodari D., the Court ruled that suspects who flee from officers and
throw away evidence as they retreat may be arrested based on the nature of the
abandoned evidence.
Define and compare and contrast the UCR, NIBRS, and the National Crime
Victimization Survey. How does each system serve a purpose in collecting and
reporting data? What is their value in fighting crime? Describe the FBI’s UCR/NIBRS
Program, including its purpose, history, and what it tells us about crime in the United
States today.
Considering the past trend, it can be assumed that about 3% of the offenders who are
released on parole will be reincarcerated within three years,
Once an appeal is accepted, courts within the appellate division conduct a new trial.
In the 1960s, the U.S. Supreme Court accelerated the process of guaranteeing individual
rights in the face of criminal prosecution.
Today’s jails serve many different purposes. Other than holding suspects following
arrest and pending trial, explain and define three of additional purposes they serve.
Officers need to provide Miranda warnings only in situations involving both arrest and
custodial interrogation.
The federal fetal homicide statute passed in 2004 prohibits the prosecution of
abortionists who are acting with the consent of the pregnant woman.
Plea bargaining is a process of negotiation that usually involves the defendant, the
prosecutor, and the defense counsel and is founded on the mutual interests of all
involved.
Compare and contrast the roles of the professional and nonprofessional courtroom work
groups. Analyze how they work together to ensure a successful completion to a case
before the court. Do their individual roles intertwine to make the system work?
Faced with prison overcrowding, high incarceration costs, and public calls for
retribution, some judges have used shaming strategies to deter wrongdoers.
In some states, the prosecutor may seek to continue the case against a defendant by
filing an information with the court.
In some instances, state courts will hear cases involving alleged violations of federal
law.
There are twelve U.S. Supreme Court justices.
A juvenile court is any court that has jurisdiction over matters involving juveniles.